英语课件同等学力人员申请2.ppt

同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试,大纲,词汇6220个，词组600个难度超过六级对比旧大纲旧大纲：词汇5500个；词组550个难度：六级难度,试卷结构,试卷一：总分65分，总时间90分钟1.会话技能10题10 x1=10分2.词汇：20-30题10-15分3.阅读理解：25-30题30分5-6篇4.综合填空：15题15x1=15分试卷二：总分35分，总时间60分钟5.翻译：英译汉10分；汉译英10分6.写作：短文一篇，15分,重点题型,绝对重要：阅读理解（分值总量比重最高）；翻译和写作（卷二必须18分）相对重要：会话技能（容易拿分）综合填空（单位时间内分值比重高）,复习重点,词汇：掌握积极词汇，熟悉认知词汇阅读：分值比重增加，阅读速度和准确率更加重要语法：主要掌握语法结构，看懂句子和篇章，并在翻译写作中应用句子结构,词汇复习方法,分层记忆法：基础词汇、高频四六级词汇和生僻词汇,会话技能,识别会话情景:问候、告别、回答感谢或道歉、赞扬、接受或谢绝帮助、回答或拒绝请求理解说话人意图：邀请建议、抱怨责备、反意疑问句理解言外之意理解常见习惯表达法,会话技能,1.A:HiAnita,lonetimenosee.B:_.A.Hi,John.Nicemeetingyou.B.Yeah,IvebeeninChicagoforawhile.C.Oh,Isee.Ivehadlotsofworktodohere.D.Yes.DoyouknowIvemovedtoanewapartment?,会话技能,2.W:Whydontyouhavedinnerwithmetonight?M:A.BecauseIhaveanappointment.B.Sorryaboutthat,butIhavetogotoaparty.C.ThereasonisthatIhavetoworkovertimeD.Idloveto,butIhavetofinishmypaper.,会话技能,3.M:ThenewChevyChasefilmwasterrific!W:Oh,comeoffit,Al.ChevyChaseisagreatcomedian,buthesuredidntshowitinthatmovie.Q:Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthemovie?A.Itsagreatcomedy.B.ItsatypicalChevyChasefilm.C.Itisntagoodcomedy.D.ItisntasterribleasAlthought.,打招呼和告辞用语,-Howdoyoudo?-Howdoyoudo?-Nicetomeetyou.Nicetomeetyou,too./-Me,too.告别语-Niceseeing/meetingyou.Niceseeing/meetingyou,too.-Nicetohavemetyou/knownyou.,回答对方感谢,Atyourservice.Itsapleasure.Mypleasure.Notrouble/botheratall.Notatall.Anytime.DelightedIwasabletohelp.,回答对方道歉,Itsnotyourfault.Itdoesntmatteratall.Nevermind.Itsallright.Forgetit.Pleasedontfeelbadaboutit.Theresnoneedforyoutoworry.,赞扬与祝贺,Thankyou.Thankyou,butitsnotreallythatgood.Thankyouverymuchforsayingso.Youlookverywellyourself,asamatteroffact.Imjustverylucky.Imgladyouthinkso.Imflattered.Oh,itsnothingspecial,actually.,接受帮助,Thanksalot.Thatsniceofyou,thankyou.Yes,please.Great/Lovely!JustwhatIneeded.Thatdbeabighelp,thanksalot.,谢绝他人帮助,Thanksalot,butImOK.Idontthinkso,thankyou.No,dontbother,Icandoitmyself.No,itsallright,Icanmanage.Notatthemoment,thankyou.Thankyouforoffering,butIcanmanage.,请求,DoyoumindifI?Wouldyouminddoing?Couldyou?,接受请求,Certainly.Justhelpyourself.Byallmeans.OK.Sure!Surething.Why,ofcourse!Idbedelightedto.Justnameit.Thatsnotroubleatall.,拒绝请求,Idliketo,butIdonthaveanychangeonme.Imsorry,butImusingitrightnow.Imsorry,Icant.No,ImafraidIcant.Well,Idontreallyknowwhattosay.Yousee,Ivebeenusingit.,表示赞同对方看法,Youcansaythatagain.Icantagreemore.Imwithyouthere.,理解说话意图,接受邀请或建议Thatsverykind/niceofyou.Lovely!Youaremostkind.Idloveto.Oh,thankyou.Thatwouldbenice.Thatsoundsgreat.Idlovetojoinyouforlunch.Whatadelightfulidea!,谢绝邀请或建议,IwishIcould,butDavidiscomingthisevening.Idlikeit,butmyhusbandwouldntlikeit.ImafraidIvealreadypromisedtomeetJohnthisevening.Butthankyouallthesame.Unfortunately,Illhavetoattendaconferencethatday.Idlikethat,butIcantaffordthetime.,回答抱怨与责备,Well,Imafraidthereisnothingwecandoaboutit,actually.Isuggestyouleaveitwithus,andwellseewhatcanbedone/wecando.Imafraidthemanagerisntinatthemoment.Couldyoucallbacklater?,反意疑问句,-Theexperimenthasbeencompleted,hasntit?-_.Yes.Weneedanotherweektocompleteit.Yes.Ithasbeencompletedbeautifully.No.Itwascompletedlastweek.No.Ihavenoideaaboutit.,反意疑问句,结构：1.前半部分肯定，后半部分否定2.前半部分否定，后半部分肯定简单回答时，根据实际情况回答完整回答时，前后内容一致。,词汇,A节同义词替换B节选择填空A节根据上下文确定词义词汇的准确含义，不通过上下文推断,词汇,B节异形异义词（排除法）近形异义词（掌握确切意义）近义词、同义词（上下文、搭配）词组（牢记）固定搭配（语感）,词汇复习建议,全真题:分类：基础词，高频词，生僻词同根词：掌握派生词，联想形近词：收集同义词：重点，积累、联想、搭配,阅读理解,常见问题如下：主旨大意题语义题细节题推断题观点态度题作者写作手法题,阅读理解,重点理解：关键词（上下文中常重复出现的词，衔接词）；关键句：主题句（段落首句、尾句）关键段：文章首尾段（阐明主旨或总结观点）,阅读理解-语句理解,重点句：主旨句和各段主题句方法1：句子主干+句中逻辑关系IftwoscientistsatLosAlamosNationalLaboratoryarecorrect,peoplewillstillbedrivinggasoline-poweredcars50yearsfromnow,givingoutheat-trappingcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere-andyetthatcarbondioxidewillnotcontributetoglobalwarming.(2008),Atthemoment,newspapersandmagazines,TVandradiostations,newsagenciesandbookpublishersaremakingcontentfreelyavailableontheWebbecausetheyarecompetingfor“mindshare”.,ThankstotheUSsfailuretopayitsbills,manyofthepoorernationsseepriority-settingasmerelyacoverforcost-cuttingthatwouldhittheirhealthprogramshard.Mostexpertsagree,however,thatadvertisingisparticularlypersuasivetoyoungchildren,whodonothavetheabilityorexperiencetojudgeadvertisingcritically.,阅读理解-语句理解,方法2：理解句与句之间的逻辑关系常见关系：定义关系并列关系相互解释关系正反陈述关系递进关系因果关系对比关系,定义关系,AiscalledCommas,dashes,parentheses(逗号、破折号、括号)例：Twootherimportantareasofaccountingaremanagementaccounting-theaccumulationandpresentationofinformationforinternalmanagementpurposes-andgovernmentaccounting-theaccumulationandpresentationofinformationaboutthefinancialaffairsofgovernmentagencies.,解释关系,Tomgotanewroadsterforhisbirthday.Itisasportsmodel,redwithwhiteinteriorandbucketseats,capableofreachingspeedsofmorethan150mph.,Atthetrial,thedefensecalledinausedjeansexporterasanexpertwitnesswhoclaimthepatternswerecommontoalljeans.Heshowthecourt34similarpairs,butineachcasetheFBIcoulddistinguishthemfromtheaccused.Thesuspectwasconvicted.(转折、因果）,Whatfinallyledthecourttoconvictthesuspect?Theaccusedsjeancouldbedistinguishedfromothers.Thedefensecalledinajeansexportertobeanexpertwitness.TheexpertwitnessbackeduptheFBI.Overtwodozenfeatureswerefoundwithapairofjeans.,TheWHOclearlyneedstosetpriorities.Itstotalbudgetof$0.9billion-around10pforeachman,womanandchildintheworld-cannotsolvealltheworldshealthproblems.Yetitsseniormanagementdoesnotseemwillingtonarrowtheorganizationsfocus.Insteaditistryingtobeallthingstoallpeopleandlosingdependability.(转折、对比）,Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthemainproblemfacingWHT?A.TheWorldBankisgoingtoreplaceit.B.Itistryingtodoallthingstoallpeople.C.Peoplearedissatisfiedwithitswork.D.Itlacksstrongleadership.,It(Advertising)providesviewerswithfreeentertainmentandnewsprograms,thoughviewersareoftenannoyedbycommercialinterruptions.Advertisingalsopaysthree-fourthsofthecostsofnewspapersandmagazines.Withoutadvertising,readerswouldhavetopayahigherpricefornewspapersandmagazines,andmanyofthepublicationswouldgooutofbusiness.,Theauthorseemstothinkthatcommercialinterruptionontelevisionandradio_.isawasteoftimeIsfullyjustifiedservestheinterestofproducersservestheinterestofthemedia,阅读理解-段落阅读,把握段落主题在说明文和议论文中，每个段落都是对中心问题的一个方面的具体阐述，段首句和段尾句往往起到概括全段的作用,Mostpublishingisnow“electronic”inthesensethatbooks,magazines,andnewspapersarepreparedoncomputers,andexistascomputerfilesbeforetheyareprintedonpaper.Oftenthereareadvantagestogivingreadersaccesstotheelectronicversionsofpublicationsaswellas-oreveninsteadof-theprintedversion.Printpublicationshavelotsofadvantages.Paperispleasanttohandle,easytoread,andveryportable:youcanreaditalmostanywhere.Ontheotherhand,printhasitsweakness.Paperisexpensive,andarticlesareoftencuttofitthespaceavailable.Printinganddistributingpaperisexpensiveandtakestime.Printedmaterialsareexpensivetostoreandalmostimpossibletosearch.Electronicpublishingofferssolutionstoalltheseproblems.,综合填空,基本测试要点1.较宽的知识面（社会常识和科普知识，据此迅速找到短文的主题）2.扎实的语言基本功（词汇、语法、阅读技巧和语感，据此正确理解短文大意）3.综合运用以上知识和技能，识别文章结构，据此进行联想分析和推理,综合填空-做题三步骤,1.忽略残缺细节，判断推测主题2.根据主题，联想并推理，猜测残缺的细节3.审视还原后的短文，检查答案是否合理。,Unlikeourparents,weknowthatwedomoreforourchildrenifwehave_ofthem.Atonetimetherewere_differentplants,treesandflowersinHolland,_nowofthese1300plantsonly866_.,Sleepisdividedintoperiodsofso-calledREMsleep,characterizedbyrapideyemovementsanddreaming,andlongerperiodsofnon-REMsleep.Neitherkindofsleepisatallwell-understood,butREMsleepisassumedtoservesomerestorativefunctionofthebrain.Thepurposeofnon-REMsleepisevenmoremysterious.Thenewexperiments,suchasthosedescribedforthefirsttimeatarecentmeetingoftheSocietyforSleepResearchinMinneapolis,suggestfascinatingexplanationsforthepurposeofnon-REMsleep.Forexample,ithaslongbeenknownthattotalsleepdeprivationis100percentfataltorats,yet,uponexaminationofthedeadbodies,theanimalslookcompletelynormal.Aresearcherhasnowcastlightonthemysteryofwhytheanimaldie.Theratsdevelopbacterialinfectionsoftheblood,asiftheirimmunesystem-theself-protectingmechanismagainstdiseases-hadcrashed.,翻译-汉译英,翻译的两大环节：理解与表达常见理解错误：表面上疑问合乎原意，实际上在逻辑与意义上与原文不对等。原文：如果这些国家有海啸预警制度，大多数的罹难者将可逃过一劫。译：Ifthesecountriessetuptsunamiwarningsystems,mostofthevictimswouldsurvivethedisaster.分析：“如果将”句式是对现在现在或将来的假设，还是对过去情况的假设。改译：Ifthesecountrieshadsetuptsunamialarmingsystems,mostofthevictimswouldhavesurvivedthedisaster.,原文：要是计划做得在周密一些，就不会造成如此大的耗费。译：Ifitisplannedmorethoroughly,itwillnotcausesuchagreatwaste.改译：Ifithadbeenplannedmorethoroughly,itwouldnthavecausedsuchagreatwaste.,常见汉译英翻译问题,语法方面错误时态错误语态错误词语累赘主谓语不一致介词使用不当连词使用不当谢谢光临Thanksforyourcoming.为此，我们建议政府增加教育投入。Becauseofthatreason,wesuggestthat.,常见汉译英翻译问题,词义选择不当造成译文费解，甚至引起曲解政府应该禁止对烟草进行宣传。Thegovernmentshouldbanthepublicityoftobacco.,常见汉译英翻译问题,句法方面问题没有掌握正确的句法没有掌握英汉两种语言句型之间的对应关系忽视句子结构的连贯和清晰,常见汉译英翻译问题,原文：毫无疑问大家已经尽力了。原译：Itisnodoubtthatweallhavetriedourbest.原文：她毕生的精力都投入到中医学研究上。原译：ShedevotedherwholelifetostudyChinesemedicine.原文：在当今的时代，谁掌握了新的知识，谁就掌握了经济增长的主动权。分析：“谁.谁就”与hewhowill或thosewhowillIntodaysworld,thosewhograspnewwouldbeabletotaketheinitiativesofeconomicgrowth.,常见汉译英翻译问题,劳动力水平不高、缺乏技术创新是目前制约我国经济发展，影响我国竞争力的两个问题。原译：LaborersareoflowqualityandthelackoftechnologicalinnovationaretwomattersthatarehinderingChinaseconomicdevelopmentandcompetitivenessforthetimebeing.,翻译的基本方法,直译与意译再不好好干，就得丢饭碗了。,翻译的变通手段,易词而译词类转换增减法新仪器须轻拿轻放Thenewinstrumentwantcarefulhandling.我们对投资和引资的依赖超过世界上任何其他经济大国。Werelymorethanothermajoreconomyontheinvestmentthatweattractandwemakeabroad.,汉译英应试技巧和复习要点,选词确切贴切得体（尽量书面化）简洁多样选择句型英语句式的特点：被动态使用比汉语广泛分词短语、从句多，汉语单句多语序、语句重心，时态差异大,复习要点一：需要使用被动态的情况,汉语中有“由、受、为、让、考、要”等字眼Somediseasesarecausebyviruses.AboutathirdofthebabiesborntomotherswithAIDSareinfected.近来，越来越多的气象情报靠气象卫星传递。Recently,moreandmoremeteorologicalinformationhasbeentransmittedbyweathersatellites.,需要使用被动态的情况,“为所，是的、加以、得到”空气污染问题在近年得到较好解决。下一次会议将对这一问题进一步加以探讨。,需要使用被动态的情况,“据报道、一般认为、据悉、应该说、必须指出、已经证明”有人、人们、大家常见需译为被动语态的结构据估计Itisestimatedthat据报道Itisreportedthat一般认为Itisgenerallybelieved(thought)that众所周知Itiswellknownthat可以看出Itcanbeseenthat,常见需译为被动语态的结构,由此可见Itthereforecanbeseenthat应该说Itshouldbesaidthat必须指出、有必要指出Itmustbepointedoutthat已经证明Ithasbeenprovedthat有人（大家、人们）认为Itisthoughtthat,复习要点二：分词与分词短语