三大从句语法

1、最新 料推荐从句可分 三 :即名 性从句、形容 性从句(即定 从句 )和副 性从 (即状 从句 )。引 从句的 称作关 句。一、名 性从句引 些名 性从句的关 包括：从属 ：that, if, whether 接代 ：who, whoever whom,whomever ,which ,whichever ,what ,whatever ,whose 接副 where, when, why, how 。其中 ,从属 只起 接作用 , 在从句中不充当任何句法成分 ,而 接代 和 接副 既起 接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分 .不可省略的 ：1. 介 后的 2. 引 主 从句和同位 从句的 不可

2、省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比 ：whether 与 if 均 是否 的意思。 但在下列情况下， whether 不能被 if取代：1. whether引 主 从句并在句首2.引 表 从句3. whether 从句作介 4. 从句后有 or not例： Whether he will come is not clear.The fact is that he didnt go to the dinner party.I dont know if he will

3、 attend the meeting.1. 在含有主 从句的复合句中 , 保持句子平衡 , 常用 it 作形式主 ,而将真正的主 从句置于句末 . That-从句作主 通常用it 作先行 ，而将 that-从句置于句末，例如：It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚，整个 划注定要失 。Its a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。用 it 作形式主 的 that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：A It + be + 形容 + that- 从

4、句例： It is necessary that有必要It is important that 重 要的是 It is obviousthat 很明 B. It + be + -ed分 + that- 从句例如： It is believed that 人 相信 It is known toall that 从所周知 It has been decided that已决定 C. It + be +名 + that-从句例： Itis common knowledge that是常 It is asurprise that令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that事 是 D. It +不及

5、物 + that-分句例： It appears that 似乎 Ithappens that 碰巧It occurred to me that我突然想起 2. 保持句子平衡 , that 引 的 从句也常用 it 代替 , 而将真正的 从句置于主句句末。 常常出 在主句有形容 或分 作 足 的情况下。He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here.3.从属 whether 和 if 都作 “是否 ”解 , 但 if 不可引 主 从句和表 从句。whether 可与 or(not) 用 , 而 if 不可以。I dont know w

6、hether (if) she is at home.Whether she comes or not makes no difference.4.that 和 what 引 名 性从句的区 : that 在从句中不充当成分 ,而 what 在从句中充当一定的成分 , 如主 、表 、 等。 that 可省略 , what 不可省。He always means what he says.She suggested (that) he do it at once.5.同位 从句大多由从属 that引 , 常跟在下列名 后面 , 如 fact, idea,opinion, news,hope, b

7、elief 等 , that 不可省。同位 从句一般用来解 明 些名 的具体含 和内容。We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms.The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.二、形容 性从句引 定 从句的关 包括: (1)关系代 :that, which, whose, who, whom, as;(2) 关系副词:when, where, why 。关系代 和关系副 在定 从句中都充当一定的句法成分,关系代 在句中充当

8、 的 时, 一般可省去。 关系代 的 用比 复 , 它受下列条件的制 :(1)先行 是指人 是指1最新 料推荐物 (2) 关系代词在从句中的句法功能 (3) 定语从句是限定性的还是非限定性的。关系代词的选用情况见下表 :先行词在从句中的句法功能用于限定性或非限定性定语从句只用于限定性定语从句指人或指物指人 指物主语who whichthat宾语whom whichthat定语whose whose(of which)I know that he is a man who (that) means what be says.The gentleman whom (that) she met ad

9、dressed her with courtesy( 礼貌 )。The watch which (that) was lost has been found.Here is the meterial which (that) you need.Youre the only one whose advice he might listen to.关系副词的选用相对来说较简单。如先行词为表示时间的名词, 如 time, day 等 , 则用 when;如先行词为表示地点的名词, 如 place, house, area 等 ,则用 where; 如先行词为reason, 则用why 。例： Ill

10、 never forget the mountain village where (in which) I spent my childhood.I dont know the reason why (for which) he did that.1. 当先行词是all, something, nothing等不定代词时 ;或先行词前有first,last, only, few, much,some, any, no 等修饰时 ; 或先行词前有形容词最高级修时, 一般只用that 而不用 which 来引导定语从句。例：Ive explained everything (that) I can

11、 to you.This is the most beautiful compus (that) Ive ever been to.2. 定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句, 限定性定语从句与主句关系紧密,为句中不可缺少的部分, 如去掉 , 主句意思不完整。非限定性定语从句与主句关系松散, 如去掉 , 主句内容仍完整。在书面语中, 非限定性定语从句一般被逗句隔开。非限定性定语从句一般不用that 引导。引导非限定性定语从句的关系词不可省略。His speech, which bored everyone, went on and on.The generals daughter, w

12、hose name is Ann, gave me a sweet smile.3. 先行词也可以是整个句子。这时, 一般用 which 或 as 来引导定语从句。which 在从句中可充当主语、宾语等 , as 在从句中一般只充当主语。 which 与 as 引导此类定语从句的区别在于: which 只能置于句中或句末 , 而 as的位置比较灵活 , 可置于句中、句末 , 又可置于句首。Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, which (as) is known to all.As had been expected, he finished firs

13、t in decathlon( 十项全能 ) at that Olympic Games.4. 关系代词在定语从句中有时也做介词的宾语。如果介词被置于关系代词前 , 一般只用介词+which 或介词 +whom,而不用介词 +that 来此导定语从句。如果介词被置于从句句末, 则可用 that 代替 which 或 whom, 且 that 这时可省去。This is the ring on which she spent 1,000 dollars.One of my colleagues whom (that) you are familiar with will come today.区

14、分关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。 及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词 /关系副词。例1. Is this museum _D_ you visited a few days age?A. whe

15、reB. that C. on whichD. the one例 2. Is this the museum_A_theexhibition was held. A. where B. that C. on which D. the one2最新 料推荐三、副 性从句在复合句中 , 起状 作用的从句称作状 从句。状 从句分 ： 状 从句、地点状 从句、条件状 从句、原因状 从句、 步状 从句、比 状 从句、目的状 从句、 果状 从句、方式状 从句。状 从句可放在句首或句末。如状 从句位于主 前,一般用逗号将其与主句隔开。(一 ) 状 从句When you cross a main road,

16、you must be very careful.Until we learn the facts, we cant do anything about it.注 1. when, as, while 引 状 从句 都可以表示主句的 作与从句的 作同 生, 即同 性。它 的区 在于：when 和 as 引 的状 从句中的 作既可以是延 性的, 也可以是非延 性的 , 即瞬 性的；while 引 的状 从句中的 作只能是延 的 作或状 。当主句和从句中的 作均 延 作 , 一般用 while,而不用 when 或 as。当表示两个同 展、 化的情况 , 一般用 as, 作 “随着 ”解。When

17、 she comes, I shall tell her to wait for you.While Peter was reading, his wife was cooking.As she got older, she got wiser.2. 有些副 和一些表示 的名 也可用作从属 ,引 状 从句。如instantly,immediately, directly, the day, every time, the minute, the second, the moment等。Immediately he arrived, he started describing us what h

18、ad happened.The day he returned home, his grandpa was alrady dead.(二 )条件状 从句引 条件状 从句的从属 有：if, unless, as (so) long as, only if( 只要 )。If you dont come on time, well start out without you.As (so) long as you keep on trying, youll certainly succeed.注：除了以上提到的从属 外, 有其它的一些 或 也可引 条件状 从句。如: providing that ，

19、 provided, ， supposing that,， suppose that,， on condition that, ，in case 等。 I will go providing that my expenses are paid. 要是我的 用有人代付我就去Supposing he is not at home, what then? 假如他不在家,那怎么 ?You can use the bicycle on condition that you return it tomorrow. 只要你明天 ,自行 你可以拿去用。In case she comes back, let m

20、e know immediately. 假使她回来了 ,立刻告 我 Take the raincoat in case it rains. 着雨衣 ,以防下雨。(三 )原因状 从句引 原因状 从句从句的从属 有： becasue, since, as, now(that), in that, considering that 等。 Considering hes only been learning English a year he speaks it very well. 考 到他只学了一年英语,他 得算是很流利了。We didnt know what to do as we were j

21、ust visiting there.我 不知道 怎么 ,因 当 我 在那里作 。Since it is so hot, lets go swimming. 既然天气 么 ,我 去游泳吧。注：in that 和 now(that) 的用法 : in that 引 的从句 主句 行解 和 明 ,意思是 : 在 方面 , 在于 ; 因 。 now(that) 表示既然。Theory is valuable in that it can provide a direction for practice. 理 所以有价 ,就在于它能 践指出方向。Now (that) the weather has i

22、mproved, lets go out for a picnic. 既然天气已 好 , 我 就出去野餐吧。3最新 料推荐(四 ) 步状 从句引 导 让 步 状 语 从 句 的 从属 连 词 有 ： though, although,even if(eventhough),as,nomatter despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that, while。Tired as he was, he sat up late.他 然疲倦 ,可仍然很晚才睡。No matter how they slander us, we will never giv

23、e in. 不管他 怎 我 ,我 决不 步。 While I like the color of the hat, I do not like its shape. 然我喜 帽子的 色 ,但我不喜 它的形状。注：一些疑 在 尾加上 ever 后 , 也可引 步状 从句 ,相当于 no matter+疑 。 些 包括 : whatever, wherever, whenever, whoever, however 。Whatever he says, dont beleve him. 不管他 什么都不要想相信他。Whoever you are, you must obey the traffic

24、 regulations.(五 )目的状 从句引 目的状 从句的从属 有: so that, in order that, lest, in case, for fear that 。They climbed to the top of the building in order that they could get a birds-eye view of the city.Ask her to hurry up with these letters so that I can sign them.Take an umbrella in case it rains.We dare not p

25、lay jokes on him lest he should become angry. 我 不敢开他玩笑生怕他 气。注： so that 和 in order that 的区 : so that 更常用 , in order that 更正式。 so that 引 的从句一般置于句末 ,而 in order that 引 的从句既可置于句首 , 又可置于句末。In order that the grass and flowers could bloom again,it was necessary that the rocks should be removed.She got up early s