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1、医院药学 课件模板-108,医院药学:六、常见病原微生物的抗菌药物选择参考表,六、常见病原微生物的抗菌药物选择参考表:,病原微生物主要疾病首选药物备选药物革兰氏阳性菌 金黄色葡萄球菌疖、痈、呼吸道感染、败血症、脑膜炎、骨髓炎、心内膜炎青霉素复方新诺明、四环素、红霉素、庆大毒素、先锋霉素溶血性链球菌蜂窝组织炎、丹毒、扁桃体炎、中耳炎、呼吸道感染、猩红热、败血症青霉素草绿色链菌、肠球菌心内膜炎、败血症、泌尿道感染青霉素十链霉素氨苄青霉素十链霉素、或红霉素十四环素肺炎链球菌(肺炎球菌)大叶性肺炎、脑膜炎青霉素四环素或大环内酯类抗生素十白喉抗毒素白喉杆菌白喉或带着菌者青霉素白喉抗毒素四环素或氯霉素十破

2、伤风抗毒素破伤风杆菌破伤风青霉素破伤风抗毒四环素、红霉素、先锋霉素炭疽杆菌炭疽病、皮肤、内脏感染青霉素氯霉素、四环素、甲硝哒嗪、林可霉素产气荚膜杆菌气性坏疽、败血症青霉素四环素、氨苄青霉素革兰氏阴性菌脑膜炎双球菌流行性脑膜炎、败血症碘胺嘧啶、青霉素红霉素、四环素淋球菌淋病青霉素、氨苄青霉素吡哌酸、氯霉素、第一代尖孢菌素肺炎杆菌肺炎、泌尿道感染增效磺胺、四环素、庆大霉素四环素、卡那霉素、氨苄青霉素流感杆菌肺炎、脑膜炎、中耳炎氯霉素、链霉素、复方新诺明氨苄或羟 氨苄青霉素、第三代头孢菌素伤寒杆菌伤寒、副伤寒氯霉素、增效磺胺吡哌酸、氯霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、羧苄青霉素、第三代头孢菌素百日咳杆菌百日咳大环

3、内酯类抗生素增效磺胺、氨苄青霉素、口服头孢菌素大肠杆菌泌尿道感染、胆道感染、呼吸道感染、败血症增效磺胺、四环素、庆大霉素、第一代头孢菌素氯霉素、吡哌酸、氯霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、羧苄青霉素、第二代或第三代头孢菌素痢疾杆菌细菌性痢疾呋喃唑酮、毗哌酸增效磺胺、四环素、氯霉素、氨苄青霉素变形杆菌沁尿道感染、胆道感染、败血症增效磺胺、吡哌酸、四环素、庆大霉素氯霉素、妥布霉素丁胺卡那霉素、羧青霉素绿脓杆菌烧伤及创伤感染、败血症,小儿肠炎、腹泻、继发性化脓感染庆大霉素羧苄青霉素十丁胺卡那霉素、氧嗪青霉素十庆大霉素。,医院药学:六、常见病原微生物的抗菌药物选择参考表,六、常见病原微生物的抗菌药物选择参考表:,第

4、三代头孢庆大霉素。第三代头孢菌素、多粘菌素军团菌军团病大环内酯类抗生素大环内酯类抗生素十利福平 此处缺少一些内容螺旋体钩端回归热青霉素四环素、红霉素立克次体斑疹伤寒、恙虫病四环素、氯霉素红霉素衣原体砂眼、淋巴肉芽肿磺胺、氯霉素四环素类。,医院药学:七、医用微量元素参考数据表,七、医用微量元素参考数据表:,人体内各种宏量元素和微量元素的标准含量 元素人体含量(g)所占体重%元素人体含量(g)所占体重的氧O45000.065.00钙Ca1050.01.50碳C12600.018.00磷P700.01.00氢H700010.00硫S175.00.25氮N2100.03.00钾K140.00.20钠N

5、a105.00.15钛Ti0.0152.110-5氯Cl105.00.15镍Ni0.0101.410-5镁Mg35.00.05硼B0.0101.410-5铁Fe4.00.0057铬Cr0.0068.610-5锌Zn2.3000.0033钌Ru0.0068.610-5铷Rb1.2000.0017铊Tl0.0068.610-5锶Sr0.140210-4锆Zr0.0068.610-5铜Cu0.1001.410-4钼Mo0.0057.010-6铝Al0.1001.410-4钴Co0.0034.310-6铅Pb0.0801.110-4铍Be0.0023.010-6锡Sn0.0304.310-5金Au0.

6、0011.410-6碘I0.0304.310-5银Ag0.0011.410-6镉Cd0.0304.310-5锂Li9.010-41.310-6锰Mn0.0203.010-5铋Bi3.010-44.310-6钡Ba0.0162.310-5钒V10.010-41.410-6砷As0.1004.3104铀U2.010-53.010-6锑Sb0.0901.3104铯Cs1.010-51.410-6镧La0.5007.0105镓Ga2.010-63.010-6铌Nb0.0507.0105镭Ra10.010-101.410-6 (注)前11种为人体内的宏量元素,后35种为人体内的微量元素。,医院药学:八、

7、常用药物的药代动力学参数参考表,八、常用药物的药代动力学参数参考表:,药物名称消除速率常数k或(hr-1)半衰期tl/2或tl/2口服吸收(%)表现分布容积vb(mg/L)有效血浓度范围(mg/L)峰时tm(hr)蛋白结合率BP(%)消除率ClsL/(hr.kg)解离指数pKa乙基西梭霉素Nctilmicin0.3122.230.25-0.34-80.5-1.0(IM)0.78乙氧萘青霉素Nafillin1.390.500.280.5-1.0(IM)900.392.6(-COO-)乙胺丁醇Ethambutol0.1983.5301.871-102-4(PO400.37乙琥胺Ethosuximi

8、de成人5060儿童3050100成人0.62儿童0.6940-1002-4(PO2成人0.01-0.013儿童0.0161.3乙酰唑胺Acetazolamide0.1694.12.4-5.8900.210-10.510-150.0347.29.0乙酰普鲁卡因胺Acetylprocainamide0.0828.5851.52-20100.12二甲胺四环素Minocycline12900.430.5-3.01-3(PO750.025二性霉素B AmphotericinB0.02918-2430.5-1.0900.025二氮嗪Diazoxid21-361000.290-950.005丁胺卡那霉素A

9、mikacin0.283-0.3112-3901000.2510-251.0(IM)0-200.069三氯乙醇Trichlorethanol4-80.60.5(PO400.07碘甲腺氯酸钠T3339010070-1601-299.50.014万古霉素Vancomycin0.126-80.470.2(IV)100.047土霉素Cxytetracycline0.0696-960801.91.0-10.01-3(PO)20-300.18双异丙吡胺Dicopyramide0.1544.5-7701000.8-1.9总药浓度25游离药浓度0.5-20.5-310-80(与血药浓度有关)0.0015-0.

10、0048.34双氯青霉素Dicloxacillin0.990.5-0.90.2915-181.0(IM)960.29水合氯醛Choral Hydrate4-80.6100.5(PO)400.07心得静Pondolol3-41002.00.05-0.151-30.4普萘洛尔(心得安)Porpranlolo3902.0-4.60.01-0.21-1.5(PO)90950.79.5心得怡Sotalol5-1380900.70.5-42-30.0549.8心得舒Alprenolol3903.30.03-0.10.5-1.0(PO)850.769.7对乙酰氨基酚Paracetamol2-4851000.

11、8-1.01-100.5-1.0(PO)250.21扑米酮Primidone成人68儿童5880900.66-152-4(PO2030单独用药0.0309合并用药0.0739去甲丙咪嗪Desipramine102628600.15-0.32-8(PO901.6910.2去甲金霉素Demethylchlortetracycline0.07-0.04310166080120.5-31-4(PO500.08去甲替林Nortrpytline2760200.05-0.164-9(PO)92960.5丙咪嗪Imipramine8-1680-10020-400.15-0.50.51.0(PO)951.739

12、.5丙基硫氧嘧啶Propylthiouracil2-4800.2-0.41.0(PO)750.078.3丙磺舒Probenecid6-181000.12-0.18100-2001-5(PO)85-950.013.4布洛芬Brufen20.150.5-1.5(PO)990.052左旋多巴Leayodopa320-30(吸收)0.5-48.2白霉素Leucomycin0.1394.55.52(PO)72苷珀酸Carbenoxolne13160.11-2(空腹PO)饭后(PO)0.005甲硝唑Metronidazole61490-1000.6-0.75-201-2(PO)5-200.045可待因Co

13、deine0.23124503.450.0251.0(PO)0.88.2戊巴比妥Pentobarbital214270-800.71-4初次用药618长期用药3760-700.0158.1卡马西平Carbamazepine成人1030儿童81990-1000.8-1.44-121.02.0(IM)65-85成人初次用药0.011-0.026儿童初次用药0.028卡那霉素Kanamycin0.289-0.332-2.590-950.252-80.5-1.0(IM)1.0(PO)00.0777.2头孢氨苄(先锋霉素)Cephalexin0.6550.83-1.290-950.26G(+)0.5-3

14、G(-)1.0-1215min(IV)0.5-1.0(IM)10-150.185.3(-COOH-)7.3(-NH2)头孢匹林(先锋霉素)Cephapirin.1.1550.690-950.23G(+)0.5-3G(-)1.0-1240-500.27头孢娄利定(先锋II)Cephaloridine0.621-1.590-950.25同上同上2010-300.14头孢噻吩(先锋霉素I)Cephalothin1.40.5-1.090-950.25同上同上6560-800.23头孢格来星(先锋霉素)Cenhaloglycin0.770.980-95G(+)0.5-3G(-)1.0-1215min(I

15、V)0.5-1.0IM244.7头孢唑啉(先锋霉素)Cepahzolin0.3851.4-2.290-950.15同上5.0-1.0(IM)5min(PO)75-850.0582.3头孢雷定(先锋霉素)Cepahzolin0.809-0.99440-50min90-950.25同上1.0(PO)5min(IV)5-200.23头孢曲(先锋)Cephacetrile0.4621.590-950.27G(+)0.5-3G(-)1.0-121.0(PO)5min(IV)22.340.1251.97甲状腺素Thyroxine144-16890-950.1-0.20.03-0.0499.950.067甲

16、氧苄胺嘧定Trimethoprim0.078-1220.5-121.5-3.3(PO)140.147.2甲氧苯青霉素Methicillin1.3860.5-100.3-0.421-0.5(IM)5035-600.332.7甲基多巴Methyldopa0.3520.524(PO)0-200.172.2(-COOH)10.6(-NH)12.0(-OH)甲基多粘菌素0.1544050.512(IM)0.077甲烯土霉素Methacycline0.053310-1660-680.971.0-10.014(PO)3(PO)700.052甲苯磺丁脲Tobutamide4-885-1000.1-0.1550

17、-100980.0145.3对基水杨酸Para aminosalicylic acid0.770.9Sol:100混液:70片:900.230.6Na:盐0.5-1.0酸型3-4(PO)650.181.8(-NH)3.6(-COOH)四环素Tetracycline0.0996-1060-801-21.0-10.01-3(PO)25-300.138.3地高辛Digoxin0.01730-5050-936-100.0006-0.00181-2(PO)0.5-0.75250.14西梭霉素Sisomicin0.305-0.3472.0-2.50.250.34-80.75-1.0(IM)0-200.85

18、灰黄霉素Griseofulyin8-2440-70(微晶型)120.3-1.32-4(PO)0.065华法令Warfarin0.0164415-601000.11102-8(PO)990.00194.85.0优降糖Glybenznyclamide5-20.12-6(PO)99-950.008多粘菌素B PolymyxinB0.163-80.54.02(IM)108.9多粘菌素E(抗霉素)Polymyxin E0.311.5-80.51-2(IM)100.078.9红霉素Erythromycin0.4621.5-3400.60.5-31-4(PO)70-900.1858.8(-NH2)吗啡Mor

19、phine1.5-2.52010.07-0.110-20min(IM)350.358.09.0庆大霉素Gentamycin0.35250.253-80.5-1(IM)25-300.087氯,贝丁酯(安妥明)Clofibrate8-1690-1000.1280-150960.007安定Diazepam20-5075-1000.20.1-11-2(PO)980.004螺内酯(安体舒通)Spironolactone10min90(吸收)0.053(PO)900.213.4安替比林Antipyrine10-151000.48-0.7100.033异丙肾上腺素Isoprenaline2.50.580mi

20、n(PO)10min(吸入)0.141.4异烟肼Isoniazide0.1930.633.6(慢乙酰化型)0.7-2(快乙酰化型)900.60.5-1.012(PO)18-300.120.311.83.510.8抗癫灵Antiepilepsirin8-150.15-0.414(PO)900.016哌替定Pethidine2-450-704.70.2-0.612(IM)6065-751.098.7苄二甲胍Bethanidine7-1550-100615(PO)80.38呋喃妥因Nitrofurantoin0.71.00.711-22(PO)50-600.497.2别嘌醇Allopurine2-8

21、8026(PO)9.0利多卡因Lidocaine0.461.520-501.6(0.58-1.19)2-52-5min(IV)0.5(IM)60-700.747.9利福平Rifampicin0.252-590-950.60.5-101-2(PO)900.12邻氯青霉素Cloxacillin1.390.550-800.157-141.0(IM)940.212.7妥布霉素Tobramycin0.251-0.3471.5-3.590-1000.252-101.0(IM)0-200.07纳洛酮Naloxone0.69312030.15-1(IM)2.1阿托品Atropine3-413-382-4101

22、5-50min(IM)1.0(PO)500.590.279.9阿米替林Amitriptyline8-2032-40658.80.05-0.395-980.440.179.4乙酰水杨酸(阿司匹林)AcetylsalicylicAcid2.0-30(min)80-1000.15-0.220-100(解热镇痛)100-250(抗炎)1-2(PO)50-800.293.5环磷酰胺Cyclophosphamide0.1073-110.4-0.61.0(PO)10-200.05青霉素Penicillin1.3860.515(20-40)0.251.5-1.00.25-0.5(IM)650.352.8青紫霉

23、素Lividomycin0.277-0.3722-2.51-2(IM)20-30苯乙双胍(降糖灵)Phenformin0.231350-705-10100-240(ng-/ml)2-4(PO)20-251.73苯巴比妥Phenobarbital成人53-140儿童37-9490成人0.7儿童0.7-1.215-406-18(PO)45-50成人0.0032老人0.0024儿童0.0082新生儿0.00647.3苯妥英钠Phenytoin成人18-30儿童12-22900.6-0.810-2043-10(PO)88-920.029803苯海拉明Diphenhydramine4-10503-40.

24、01-0.12-4(PO)98-990.359.07.7苯唑青霉素Oxacillin1.3860.5-1.0700.255-61.0(PO)0.5-1.0(IM)900.23苯磺唑酮Sulfinpyrazine3-590-1000.151.0(PO)98-990.026林可霉素Limcoycin0.1544-6400。,医院药学:八、常用药物的药代动力学参数参考表,八、常用药物的药代动力学参数参考表:,352-102-4(PO)1-2(IM)700.0497.6(-NH2)金刚烷胺Amamtadin0.315229010061-4(PO)0.19肼苯达嗪Hydralazine2-880(吸收)

25、0.3-0.70.5-1.51-4(PO)870.075-氟胞嘧啶5-Flurocytosine0.233-62-6(PO)48氟哌啶醇Haloperidol18-3020-303-6(PO)0.72氟氯青霉素Flucloxacillin1.390.50.8450.12-0.25.04960.2氢化可的松Hydrocortisone0.4620.5-2100.03950.17茶碱Theophylline0。,医院药学:八、常用药物的药代动力学参数参考表,八、常用药物的药代动力学参数参考表:,11539950.3-0.67.5-201-3(PO)200.052保泰松Phenylbutazone2

26、412090-1000.1-0.3540-1501-2(PO)90-980.002秋水仙碱Colchicine0.4620.51.520.5-2(PO)1.39呋喃苯胺酸(速尿)Furosemide1.4-3.50-600.1-0.20.1-0.21.0(PO)0.5(IM)95-990.042奎尼丁Quinidine0.0963-1640-900.5-3.02-81-2(PO)30-90min(IM)60-800.13洋地黄毒甙Digitoxin0.005896-16890-1000.50.01-0.0351-3(PO)95-970.0026美沙酮Meygadone0.0917.6-1510

27、01.50.48-0.864(PO)84-870.09美多心安Metoprolol3-4505.61.11甲氨喋呤Methotrexate2-3.5成人0.75-0.8儿童0.2-1.0(PO)1-350-704.35.5氨喋青霉素Ampicillin0.61-1.5500.42-80.5-1.0(IM)200.222.5(-COOH)7.2(-NH2)氨酰心胺Atenolol6-950-600.70.2-1.32-40.065胺甲苯辛胺Tolamolol0.352.5303.220.89胍乙啶Guanethidine43-12050-803(OP)8.311.4胰岛素Insulin10min

28、0.610-20U/ml1-102.5吲哚美辛Indomethacin2-109-1000.3-1.60.5-31-2(OP)900.11莨菪碱Hyoscyamiue13-382-415-50min(IM)1.0(OP)500.0829.7唑酮头孢菌素Cephanone0.2772.50.47880.047萘啶酸Nalidixic acid0.431.5-2.00.26-0.45930.14羧苄青霉素Carbenicillin0.4621-1.5100.1810-1500.5-1.0(IM)500.0712.7(-COOH)2.7-3.9(-NH2)羟苄四唑头孢菌素Cefamandole0.7

29、1.090-950.3115min(IV)0.5-1.0(IM)750.22羟氨苄青霉素Amoxicillin0.71.0-1.580-900.472-81.0(IM)15-200.262.4(-COOH)7.4(-NH2)硫酸奎宁Quinine sulfate0.135.31002.02-51-2(PO)700.264.18.4紫霉素Viomycin0.3520.242(IM)0.083氯丙嗪Chiorpromazine23-3725200.5-0.73-4(PO)1-2(IM)95-980.469.3克林霉素Clindamycin0.292-2.5901.22-101.0(PO)3.0(IM)900.376.97.45氯喹Chloroquine0.01370-12080-1001126(PO)550.828.4氯硝基安定Chlornitrazepam20-6075-901.5-4.41-2(PO)450.05210.8氯霉素Chloramphenicol0.2771.5-475-90成人0.55-0.98儿童1.1-2.54-202-3(PO)60-800.155.5氯磺丙脲Chlorpropamide36-400.1-0.230-1401-2(PO)5-100.00275.0普鲁卡因胺Procainamide2.5-

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