桑枝栽培云耳的栽培技术（Cultivation techniques of mulberry cultivation of the fungus）

1、桑枝栽培云耳的栽培技术（Cultivation techniques of mulberry cultivation of the fungus）Cultivation techniques of mulberry cultivation of the fungusFungus (Tian Yun No. 6) is the Guangxi Academy of Sciences training training from Baise Tianlin mountains in the separation of wild fungus, Guangxi is the only indigen

2、ous native species. In order to adjust the structure of edible fungus in Wuxuan county and improve the annual production pattern, make full use of sericulture byproducts of the production of edible fungus resources, multi-channel utilization of agricultural and sideline products, extend the sericult

3、ure industry chain, reduce the air pollution caused by burning of mulberry, multi-channel use circulation of agricultural by-products, increase farmers income. Through the production practice and investigation, collecting and sorting out the mulberry cultivation of fungus spring cultivation techniqu

4、e using a suitable area surrounding Wuxuan County of Guangxi in sericulture production area.1 cultivation season and climate condition1.1 cultivation scheduleThe time of making 1.1.1 tube is usually from November to March.Bacteria inoculated 1.1.2 fungi mycelium tube tube, strain rate due to tempera

5、ture varies, bacteria before mid January tube produced by the fungus usually takes about 100 days, from January in mid cylinder made after spawnrunning time for 60-90 days.1.1.3 tube at the end of February to March on bacteria, bacteria tube all full mycelium again when the delayed 10-15 days, bacte

6、ria mycelium fully mature before drilling the cylinder shelves.1.1.4 ear time in Central Guangxi is usually in late March to early April.1.2 temperature conditionsFungus is a black fungus, black fungus belongs to the medium temperature type of glial 1 fungi, bacteria strain cylinder temperature is 5

7、-36 DEG C, the optimal temperature is 24-28 DEG C; the cloud of fruitbodies formation and growth temperature range is 16 to 28 DEG C, the optimum is 20 to 24 DEG C. The temperature is too low, the ear piece is not easy to unfold, lower than 15 DEG C, the fruiting body does not form, the temperature

8、is too high, the ear piece grows too fast and becomes thinner, the color of the ear becomes shallow, and the quality drops.2 selection of cultivation site and construction of mushroom shed2.1 selection of cultivation sitesBecause the ear fungus cultivation in spring, the time is in the season of hig

9、h temperature and high humidity, bacteria can easily be infected with bacteria tube, so the choice of planting site, attention should be paid to the choice of water, low water temperature and convenient irrigation and drainage, well ventilated place to build a mushroom shed.2.2 mushroom shed constru

10、ctionMushroom shed size can be determined according to requirements, but in order to facilitate ventilation, to shed the length of not more than 30 meters is appropriate; cover a layer of film shed stent, to prevent the rain, then covering 75% of the net, then cover around Caolian (also shade materi

11、als, instead of using corn stalk, straw, or grass).2.3, mushroom bed finishingAfter setting up the shed, we can design the mushroom bed according to the size of the shed. It is made of mushroom bed under the width of the bed, 0.5m between the mushroom bed and the sidewalk; the middle of the shed is

12、designed with two rows of four layers bedstead, and the two edge is designed with a row of three layers of bed frames. After making the bedstead, clean up the ground debris and disinfect the shed.3 Preparation and preparation of culture materials3.1. Make the technological process of the barrel, gri

13、nding, mixing, bagging, sterilizing, inoculation, inoculation, bacteria barrel. Dried mulberry mechanical crushing mung bean size granular or powder, and mix with other accessories, conditioning to moisture content is 55 60%, adjusting pH to 5 6.52, and bagging are sterilized, the temperature drops

14、below 28 DEG C when inoculated with bacteria.3.2 preparation of culture material3.2.1 training material ratio (crushing) 78% mulberry sawdust, wheat bran (or rice) 20%, gypsum powder 1%, sugar 1%.3.2.2 training material preparation method to pre wet mulberry sawdust and wheat bran, and then (or rice

15、) mixed evenly, add water to wet compost water content is up to 60% (that is, grasping a material between the fingers, but no water leakage under appropriate water), water adding lime leaching liquid adjust the pH value to 6.0-6.5 humidity, to fully mix material.3.3 bagging and sterilization3.3.1 ba

16、gging, bagging, edge shaking, installed to 2/3 place, slightly compressed, flat, will brush the bag clean, covered with plastic neck sleeve, plug the tampon.3.3.2 autoclave for sterilization, in 1.4 kg / cm2 pressure sterilization 1.5 2 hours 3. Placed in the sterilization range for atmospheric ster

17、ilization, requiring 3-4 hours after the ignition of the pot temperature rise to more than 100 degrees, and then heat 15-17 hours, and then gradually cool down the ceasefire. From the installed bags to the sterilization time is less than 6 hours, when the temperature dropped to 60 degrees Celsius wh

18、en the pan.3.4 vaccinationThe spring used more generally to vaccination in late December to mid February is appropriate, the inoculation time to grasp the principle is sooner rather than later, early vaccination, low temperature, infection can effectively inhibit bacteria, and stagger the busy, but

19、also extend the mycelial growth in bacteria in time, to the early ear, early return. After sterilization, the bag temperature drops below 28 degrees, and inoculation is carried out under aseptic condition. The vaccination room should be disinfected in advance, with a fall should be vaccinated at the

20、 end of August.3.5 germ managementBacteria after inoculation can be placed in full darkness after a thorough disinfection site, if the site is limited, can do multi bedstead placed, can also spawn heaps on the ground, but pay attention to turning and transposition, requirements and so on, inside and

21、 outside the exchange, turning and attention to the growth of mycelium and there is no check bacterial contamination, found pollution bags should be promptly dealt with. During fermentation, the temperature should be kept at 25-28 degrees and the humidity is 65%-75%, and the light can not be seen. I

22、t is required to open the windows and doors regularly and ventilate under the condition of shading.3.6 bagsWith the tapered rod ready to press the middle bag bag slowly, the bag is formed in the middle sag, make film and stick material airtight, not Water Leakage. Pay attention to the force should b

23、e uniform, the intensity should be moderate, too much force, easy to cause rupture, too small, and can not compress the bag mouth, disinfection easily influent.3.7 punchThe disinfection solution tool bag, Potassium Permanganate bacteria hole before sealing to good use in 800 times, and then used the

24、 prepared hole plate hole, the material bags on all sides of the playing board. The size of the steel plate for the hole is 18 cm long, and the length of the steel nail is 3 cm (made of nail at the top 0.5 cm). The steel nails are in the shape of equilateral triangle and the distance between the nai

25、ls is 6 cm.3.8 ear budsThe bacteria to lay the hole carefully placed in the bed, jundai distance is 10 cm, if not ready enough space, can be placed next to the other, covered with mycelia after separated holes. Put the film on the back cover for two to three days, then begin to thin and ventilate. A

26、ccording to the growth of the mycelium, gradually increase the ventilation time and frequency, and promote the formation of black spots (ear buds) in the hyphae of the cave. This period of time is about 10 days, during which time to spray water to ensure air humidity, space relative humidity in 85 9

27、0%, humidity is too large, resulting in rotten ears 4.3.9 out of ear managementWhen the mushroom bag entrance on the most ear buds, you can start with water, sooner or later each time, as far as possible to the spray nozzle upward, fog spread, the more detailed the better. If the temperature is more

28、 than 28 degrees, always spray space to cool and moisturize. This period is about 5-10 days. This period of time mainly guarantee temperature and humidity, the temperature is 20-24 degrees, the humidity is above 90%.3.10 ear picking3.10.1 recovery period from jundai hole put to bed frame to harvest

29、is about 20-25 days, when most ear ear shrinkage, color can be harvested. On the day of harvesting, it is better not to spray water into a fungus bag (at least 12 hours later). Harvesting time should be avoided as much as possible rainy days, conducive to drying. If you have not mature non pick, pic

30、k back to immediately spread, in order to avoid losses caused by the rotten fever.3.10.2 harvesting method3.10.2.1 mature harvest ear piece harvesting method, if the ear and ear buds, with fingers have mature ear gently pull down, does not affect the left small ear bud growth.3.10.2.2 whole flower m

31、ature ear harvesting method when picking by grasping the whole flower agaric gently pull down, do not leave the ears, to avoid rotting moldy rot, occurrence of stream ear, overgrow of bacteria,Affect the next batch of ears.3.11 pest controlThe main pest fungus 3.11.13.11.1.1 thrips damage: from larv

32、ae begin to harm Auricularia auricula. After invading the ear piece, it sucks the juice and makes the ear piece atrophy. Control method of 800 times with 5 ml of dichlorvos deltamethrin spray, a busy day stuffy studio doors and windows.3.11.1.2 pseudo walking pest: adult like chewing ear piece outer

33、 ear ear, larvae, or drilled into the cave in to eat inoculated ear buds, the ear ear node is no longer the victim. The dry ear after storage can still be damaged. Control method ibid.3.11.1.3, snail damage: mainly damage ear piece, especially the young ear piece, cause the infection of ear and gree

34、n mildew, and influence the quality. Control methods: in bed and around the point molluscicide baits for trapping.3.11.2 major diseases3.11.2.1 disease (also called rotten ears) symptoms: ear maturity, ear soft, ear ear rot or autolysis. Prevention: strengthen the cultivation and management of the reasons for the occurrence of bad ear, attention to ventilation, illumination and so on; timely recovery, the ear piece near mature or mature immediately harvest; available 25mg/kg aureomycin or oxytetracycline