关于阿基米德的简介英文

1、关于阿基米德的简介英文阿基米德简介Archimedes (287 BC - 212 BC), the founder of the great ancient Greek philosopher, Wikipedia scientist, mathematician, physicist, mechanist, static mechanics and hydrostatic mechanics, and enjoyed “ The father of mechanics, ”the reputation of Archimedes and Gauss, Newton tied for the

2、 worlds three mathematicians. Archimedes once said, “Give me a fulcrum and I can pry the whole earth.”Archimedes established the basic principles of static and hydrostatic mechanics. Giving a number of ways to find the center of gravity of the geometric figure, including the center of gravity of a p

3、attern surrounded by a parabola and its parallel lines. Archimedes proves that the buoyancy of the object in the liquid is equal to the weight of the liquid it drains, and this result is called the Archimedes principle. He also gives a positive parabolic rotating body floating in the liquid balance

4、and stability criteria. Archimedes invented the mechanical water diversion with water, can affect the full load of the lever pulley machinery, can explain the eclipse, eclipse phenomenon of the Earth - the moon - the sun running model. But he believes that mechanical invention than pure mathematics

5、low, and therefore did not write this work. Archimedes also uses constant segmentation to find the volume of the ellipsoid, rotating paraboloid, etc. This method already has the embryonic form of integral calculation.阿基米德人物生平People bornIn 287 BC Archimedes was born in a small village near Syracuse,

6、Sicily, who was born in the nobility and had a relationship with the King Hieron of Syracuse. The family was very rich. Archimedes father is an astronomer and mathematician, knowledgeable and humble. Archimedes means the great thinker, Archimedes influenced by the family, from an early age on mathem

7、atics, astronomy, especially the ancient Greek geography had a strong interest.At the time of the birth of Archimedes, the splendid culture of ancient Greece was gradually declining, and the economic and cultural center gradually moved to Alexandria in Egypt; but on the other hand, the emerging Roma

8、n republic on the Italian peninsula was constantly expanding its forces; North Africa also has a new national Carthage rise. Archimedes is growing in the era of this new and old forces, and Syria ancient city has bee a lot of forces fighting place.Study experienceIn 267 BC, when Archimedes was eleve

9、n years old, Archimedes was sent by his father to Alexandria, Egypt, to follow Euglians students, Elatase and Cannon. Alexander City is located in the mouth of the Nile, was the worlds knowledge, cultural and trade center, scholars gathered, talent pool, was the world as “wisdom of the capital.” The

10、 study of literature, mathematics, astronomy and medicine is very developed.Archimedes in Alexandria followed many famous mathematicians to study, including the famous geometric master - Euclid, Archimedes studied and lived here for many years, he eclectic and the ancient and ancient Greek culture H

11、eritage, the subsequent scientific career has made a significant impact, laid the foundation of Archimedes in the future of scientific research.Defend the motherlandIn 218 BC the Roman Empire and the North African Carthaginian Empire broke out in the second Punic War. Sullivan in Sicily has always b

12、een to trust in Rome, but in 216 BC Carthage defeated the Roman army, Syracuses new king (Haiwei Long IIs grandson successor), immediately see the rudder and Carthage alliance , The Roman Empire then sent General Marcella led the sea from the sea and land at the same time attack Syria ancient.Syria

13、and the Roman Empire between the war, is the age of Archimedes, the Roman armys highest mander Marcella led the Roman army surrounded the city he lived, also occupied the harbor. Archimedes did not agree to war, but had to do their duty to defend their own country. Archimedes saw the land of critica

14、l, protect the countrys sense of responsibility to make him up against the enemy, so Archimedes brains, day and night invented the enemy weapons. catapult and craneArchimedes used a leveraged principle to create a rubble called a stone crossbow, a large boulder to the Roman army warships, or use the

15、 transmitter to the spear and stone to the Roman soldiers, all close to the wall of the enemy , Can not escape his flying stone or javelin . . Archimedes also invented a variety of weapons, to block the progress of the Roman army. According to some later records, when he made a huge crane, the enemy

16、s warships can be suspended in the air, and then fell heavily to make the warships in the water crushed. Mirror condenserOne day Syria ancient city was attacked by the Roman army, and Syria ancient city of young adults and soldiers went to the front line, the city only left the elderly, women and ch

17、ildren, at a critical moment. At this time, Archimedes came out for their own country.Archimedes let the women and the children each e out of their own mirrors to e to the coast, let the mirror reflect the strong sunshine to the enemys main sail, the reflection of the thousands of mirrors gathered i

18、n the sail At one point, the sails burned up, the fire taking advantage of the wind, the more burning the more prosperous, the Romans do not know the details, that Archimedes and invented a new weapon. He fled and fled.These weapons get the Roman army panic, everyone is afraid, even the general Marc

19、elas are laughing admitted: “This is a Roman fleet and Archimedes one war”, “Archimedes is myth of the hundred Hand giant ”.The death of a great manIn 212 BC, the ancient Roman army invaded Syracuse, Archimedes was killed by Roman soldiers, at the age of seventy five years old. Archimedes remains we

20、re buried in Sicily, and the tombstone was carved with a cylinder of the ball to memorate his outstanding contribution to geometry.Verse 1: The Roman soldiers broke into the residence of Archimedes and saw an old man digging on the ground for geometric figures. Archimedes told the soldiers that you

21、would wait to kill me, and I could not leave the world with an inplete formula He did not wait for him to finish, and the soldier killed him. He died with regret.Verse 2: A Roman soldier suddenly appeared before him, ordered him to go to Marcella, was rejected by Archimedes, and Archimedes died unde

22、r the sword of the soldier.Version 3: Archimedes sat next to the inplete stone wall, drawing a geometric figure on the sand. A Roman soldier ordered Archimedes to leave, and he made a gesture arrogantly, “Do not break my circle!” The Roman soldiers were furious and immediately threw the old scientis

23、t with a knife Archimedes.Version 4: Roman soldiers broke into the residence of Archimedes and saw an old man drawing the geometric problems on the ground of his own house. Archimedes said, “Go away, do not move my picture!” Very angry, then pull out the knife, toward the Archimedes who stabbed.No m

24、atter how the death of Archimedes, the most regrettable is that the Roman army mander Marcella, Marcelas will kill Archimedes soldiers as murderers to be executed, he for the Akmami Germany held a grand funeral, and built a mausoleum for Archimedes, in the tombstone according to Archimedess last wis

25、h, engraved with the “cylindrical ball” this geometric graphics.阿基米德个人成就Buoyancy principleThe principle of buoyancy is that the buoyancy obtained by the object in the liquid is equal to the weight of the liquid it discharges, that is, F = G (where F is the buoyancy of the object and G is the gravity

26、 of the liquid discharged from the object). This type of deformation can be obtained (where ρ is the discharge of liquid density, g for the local gravity acceleration, V for the discharge of liquid volume) Legend of Syracuse Nang Wang for craftsmen for him to do a gold crown. But after doing wel

27、l, the king suspected of the craftsmen to do the Golden Delicious is not pure gold, craftsmen privately swallowed the gold, but can not destroy the crown, and this golden crown and the original gold hand to the gold as heavy. The problem stumped the king and the ministers. As a minister suggested, t

28、he king invited Archimedes to test the crown.At first Archimedes did nothing to the problem. One day he took a bath at home, and when he sat into the tub, he saw the water spilled, and suddenly thought that the size of the golden crown could be determined by measuring the displacement of the solid i

29、n the water. He jumped out of the bath with excitement, and even the clothes were reluctant to wear and ran out, shouting “Eureka! Eureka!” (Ερηκα, meaning “found”.)After a further experiment, he came to the palace, he put the crown and the same weight of pure gold on the

30、 two pots filled with water, pared the two pots of overflowing water, found to put the crown of the basin overflow Water is more than another pot. This shows that the crown of the volume of the same weight than the weight of pure gold, the density is not the same, so that the crown mixed with other

31、metals.The significance of this test is far greater than the detection of goldsmiths to deceive the king, Archimedes found buoyancy law (Archimedes principle): objects in the liquid obtained buoyancy, equal to the weight of its discharge of liquid. (That is, the well-known drainage method)Lever prin

32、cipleLever principle: to meet the following three points of the system, basically is the lever: fulcrum, force point, force point. Leverage principle is also called “leverage balance”: to balance the lever, the two forces acting on the lever (the product of the force and arm) must be equal. That is:

33、 power _ power arm = resistance _ resistance arm, with the formula can be expressed as: Haiwei Long Wang and encountered a difficult problem: the king for the Egyptian Ptolemy king made a ship, because too too heavy, the ship Can not put into the sea, the king said to Archimedes: “You even the earth

34、 are lifted up, put a boat into the sea should be no problem? Archimedes called craftsmen around the ship installed a set of Beautifully designed tackle and leverer. Archimedes called more than 100 people in front of the ship, grabbed a rope, he let the king affect a rope, the ship actually slowly s

35、lipped into the sea. King unusually happy, publicly announced: From now on, I ask everyone, whatever Archimedes say, trust him!Mechanical applicationArchimedes for mechanical research from his time in Alexandria school day, one day Archimedes in the long drought on the Nile side of the walk, see the

36、 farmers pouring water quite hard, after thinking he invented a The use of spiral in the water pipe in the rotation of the water to suck up the tools, later people call it ”Archimedes spiral water extractor.“ Egypt has been up to two thousand years after the modern, and some people use this device.

37、This tool became the ancestor of the later propeller.Archimedes attaches great importance to the test, life design, manufacture a lot of equipment and machinery, it is worth mentioning that there are weight pulley, irrigation machine, water machine and military use of rubble and so on.At the time of

38、 Europe, in the engineering and daily life, often use some simple machinery, such as: screws, tackles, levers, gears, etc., Archimedes spent a lot of time to study, found the ”lever principle“ and ”torque“ Concept, for the regular use of tools to create machinery in the Archimedes, the theory applie

39、d to the actual life is easy. Archimedes is likely to be the most thorough understanding of the principles and the use of machinery in the world at that time.Archimedes and Athens scientists have a distinct difference, that is, he attaches importance to the rigor of science, accuracy, requirements f

40、or each question are accurate and logical proof; also attaches great importance to the practical application of scientific knowledge.Master of MathematicsArchimedes also has a very brilliant achievement in mathematics, especially in geography.Archimedes mathematical thought contains calculus, Archim

41、edes ”methodology“ has been ”very close to modern calculus“, there are mathematical ”infinite“ advanced research, throughout the whole story is how Mathematical model for physical application.What he lacks is that there is no limit concept, but its thought is extended to the 17th century mature matu

42、re infinite analysis of the field, to inform the birth of calculus.Archimedes made Euclids idea of approaching ideas. He uses the ”approximation method“ to calculate the sphere area, the volume of the ball, the parabola, the elliptical area, the later mathematicians based on this ”approach“ to develop into modern ”calculus“. Archimedes also use the rounded method to obtain the value of π between 3.14163 and 3.14286.In addition, he calculated