中小企业融资难之探析（Analysis of financing difficulties of small and medium sized enterprises）

1、中小企业融资难之探析（Analysis of financing difficulties of small and medium sized enterprises）Abstract the small and medium-sized enterprises in the rapid and healthy development of the existence of such opportunities, less land and financing difficulty and so on a series of obstacles to the fast development

2、of factors, especially the financing has become a bottleneck for the development of the. Especially since last year, Chinas implementation of tight monetary policy, the SMEs financing problem is more prominent. What is the reason? How to crack? Is this article to discuss.keyword reasons difficult to

3、 measure the financing of small and medium sized enterprisesIn recent years, the rapid and healthy development of small and medium-sized enterprises in China, and makes great contribution to economic growth. Play an important role in satisfying peoples individual needs, achieve professional collabor

4、ation, technological innovation and increasing social employment etc. Has become an important force in promoting Chinas economic and social development. According to statistics, at present, Chinas small and medium-sized enterprises has reached 42 million, accounting for all enterprises accounted for

5、 about 99%, total industrial output value of 60%. Engaged in transnational investment and operation of the 30 thousand domestic enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises accounted for more than 80%, at the same time, many large enterprises are made into the development of small and medium-size

6、d enterprises, such as Haier, HUAWEI, etc. The number of jobs provided by small and medium-sized enterprises for 75% of the total labor force. In the society of new employment opportunities in small and medium-sized enterprises accounted for about 80%, has become the main channel for expanding emplo

7、yment. Even so, but in its long-term development still exist such as fewer opportunities, land and financing difficulty, and so on a series of restrictive factors that hinder its rapid development, especially in financing has become a bottleneck for the development of. Especially since last year, Ch

8、inas implementation of tight monetary policy, the SMEs financing problem is more prominent. In this year NPC and CPPCC, this problem also caused concern on behalf of members. They agreed that the financing is a problem to be solved in the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the proc

9、ess of a heavy problem. So what is the reason for the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises so hard? How to solve?The reason, the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises are in many aspects1. small and medium-sized enterprises themselves(1) the financial system is not perfect, the

10、distortion of financial statements, accounting transparency is not high, which is difficult to obtain bank loans. Many small and medium-sized enterprises, internal management, imperfect financial system, financial management has many problems such as: there is no strict internal audit system, the us

11、e of funds in random, using a large number of cash transactions, no plan, lead to the low efficiency of capital turnover; cash flow management is not standardized, the operating funds for fixed blind asset investment; pay attention to short-term profits and ignore long-term investment leads to the a

12、ccumulation of enough and so on. These problems make the SMEs own economic strength is not strong, so as to increase the financing difficulties.The financial situation opaque, distortion of the financial statements, some established set of financial accounts, making it difficult for banks to thoroug

13、hly understand the true financial information, information asymmetry, increase the loan risk. In order to reduce the risk, or to avoid this because of the information asymmetry may lead to the small and medium-sized enterprises to use its own more accurate information on the advantages of the moral

14、risk of fraud, the bank can take to avoid adverse selection, that is to strengthen the audit of all small and medium-sized enterprises,Take strict examination standards. But this kind of adverse selection approach will undoubtedly increase the financial condition of the small and medium-sized enterp

15、rise loan difficulty, it may lead to this part of the enterprise financing in another way, while still in the financial market are just the financial situation is not good, the distortion of the accounting information of the enterprise, so the bank lending to small and medium-sized businesses must b

16、e cautious, and the enterprise can get loans hard.(2) the credit environment for small and medium sized enterprises, credit consciousness, the effect of bank lending confidence. The credit history of small and medium enterprises in China are relatively short, the overall credit environment is poor.

17、Most of the enterprises are tax evasion, bankruptcy, or even even phenomenon in the development process. The concept of credit, even if the credit debt does not exist, strong sense of subjective consciousness, but also because of the high rate of assets and liabilities, economic strength is not stro

18、ng and objectively caused great difficulty owing on the loan. This credit situation strengthen prudent bank loans to small and medium sized enterprises.(3) the lack of collateral, secured loan financing is not enough, the success rate of small and medium enterprises to apply for bank. In order to in

19、crease the security of bank loans, mortgages and loans in the proportion of loans. The small and medium-sized enterprises generally has the characteristics of small scale, less fixed assets, land and real estate collateral is insufficient, leading to the difficulty of obtaining loans larger.2. bank

20、reasons(1) the lack of bank interest drive. In our country, because the capital market is not perfect for a long time, commercial banks are still the main financing channels for small and medium enterprises. In order to solve the City SME loans, 1980s also had built a large city credit cooperatives,

21、 and then changed to city commercial banks, and make great contribution to the development of small and medium sized enterprises. But because of the small and medium-sized enterprise single loan amount small, acute and complex characteristics of income contributed little to the bank. In order to avo

22、id the risk of loans for the first principle, the state-owned commercial banks have turned to large enterprises, at the same time, considering the cost and the risk return point of view, they tend to high cost loans, high risk, income has a greater uncertainty in the rejection of small and medium-si

23、zed enterprises in and abroad. Even willing to lend to small and medium-sized enterprises, the conditions are more demanding, and tend to give their short-term loans.(2) banks to strengthen risk management and incentive mechanism is not enough. With the strengthening of risk management, the bank has

24、 increased the level of credit assessment efforts of the staff, the responsibility is very heavy, a loan failure if not Xindaiyun responsibility, may also make the lifelong implicated, if successful will not have more rewards, which formed in the loan management on the one-sided emphasis on responsi

25、bility and ignore the interests of the bank credit officers are not willing to do, generally have the fear of loan, loan psychological fear. Seriously affected the enthusiasm of lending to small and medium-sized enterprises.(3) some discrimination phenomenon of bank loans to small and medium-sized e

26、nterprises.Some banks implement credit discrimination for small and medium-sized enterprises, the problems in the financing of the formation of the unfair competition among small and medium-sized enterprises and large enterprises. In small and medium-sized enterprises at a disadvantage in the credit

27、 rating. The possibility of obtaining loans weakened.Part of the state-owned commercial bank loans in the target selection, the main consideration is the scale of the enterprise, and not the prospects for the development of enterprises as one of the factors,Most loan policy tilt to key industries or

28、 customers, small and medium-sized enterprises has become the state-owned commercial bank loans to disadvantaged groups.3. government reasonsRelevant laws and policies of government financing for small and medium-sized enterprises are not yet perfect. Although the introduction of a series of policie

29、s to support small and medium-sized enterprises, such as Shanghai and other places to set up the services for small and medium enterprises credit guarantee fund, but is not carried out in practice, but mostly for small and medium-sized high-tech enterprises. Coupled with the current relevant legal a

30、nd policy system is not perfect. Although it provides a legal basis for the specification of the small and medium-sized enterprise law and some relevant legal provisions in order to solve the financing problems of small and medium-sized enterprises credit activities, the promotion of small and mediu

31、m enterprises have implemented the method such as . But only for guidance and generality, the actual specific operation method is not clear, and there is no legal norms for supporting small and medium enterprises in the financial, credit guarantee, etc., so the financing of small and medium-sized en

32、terprises is very difficult.Two, improve SME financing initiatives1. play the role of government functions, to create a favorable environment for the development of enterprises(1) to develop and support the development of SMEs financing, tax policy. Set up specifically for small and medium enterpris

33、es and service policy banks, strengthen the financial support of small and medium-sized enterprises work, so that small and medium-sized enterprises and other state-owned large enterprises, enjoy the same treatment. The government according to the national industrial policy, combined with local cond

34、itions, development strategy for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, and guide the development of small and medium-sized enterprises to the benign direction.(2) to speed up the sound and perfect relevant laws and regulations on the development of small and medium-sized enterprises

35、. Sound legislation is the fundamental guarantee for the steady development of small and medium sized enterprises. To determine the status of small and medium enterprises by law, safeguard their legitimate rights and interests, and ensure the large and medium-sized enterprises to compete in a fair e

36、nvironment, which can also enjoy the convenience of financing. Through legislation, regulate the private capital market, make it better services for SMEs, to ensure that the legitimate interests of both. And the government should pay more attention to the operational laws, strengthen its enforcement

37、, to really benefit from small and medium sized enterprises.(3) the establishment of the social security and credit system, improve the social service system. Guarantee power is insufficient, the unsound credit system is one of the important reasons of the financing difficulties of small and medium-

38、sized enterprises, through the power of government to improve SME credit guarantee system, cultivating a good credit environment, provide a good platform for SMEs and banks communicate, promote cooperation between banks. Further establish and perfect the social service system for small and medium-si

39、zed enterprises to provide capital, information, technology, training and consulting and other services, improve the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises in the capital market, improve the success rate of loans.2. deepen the reform of commercial banks, change management concept, str

40、engthen financial cooperation(1) the credit evaluation system of small and medium-sized enterprise reform, the establishment of small and medium-sized financial institutions, the formation for small and medium-sized enterprise service system of small and medium-sized financial institutions. The exis

41、ting credit evaluation system is not suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises, such as profit index, small business tax evasion phenomenon is serious, the report in a loss, so to improve the financing conditions before the bank to change the evaluation standard, make it more scientific. With

42、the deepening of development,The bank should change the idea, to small and medium-sized enterprises as an important segment of the market, because with the development of Chinas capital market and the gradual improvement of the modern enterprise system and continuously improve, more and more large e

43、nterprises will choose the issuance of stocks, bonds and other financial instruments to raise funds. So only the first to seize the market of small and medium-sized enterprises, will be in the leading position in the future competition in the banking sector. For the establishment of small and medium

44、-sized enterprise financing demand of small and medium sized commercial banks.(2) strengthen the business innovation, appropriate to reduce the loan conditions, increase the supply of funds for small and medium-sized enterprises. Small and medium-sized enterprises of high current assets accounts rec

45、eivable proportion is higher, resulting in funds, so the banks can start to develop credit varieties from this aspect, try new business intangible assets can be secured loans, bills discounting, mortgage financing and financing. For those who have good market prospects and good economic benefit, and

46、 for small and medium-sized enterprises, can be appropriate to reduce the loan conditions, giving financial support.(3) establish a long-term effective incentive mechanism. The rewards are symmetrical, in the bottom responsibility should also increase the intensity of incentives, mobilize the enthus

47、iasm of staff and the basic line of credit, SMEs credit market, improve the quality of service for small and medium-sized enterprises.3. small and medium enterprises to speed up its construction, strengthen the economic strength, strive for more lending opportunities(1) improve the management mechan

48、ism of small and medium enterprises, improve the corporate governance structure. The small and medium-sized enterprise financial system is not perfect, the phenomenon of distortion of financial information, all kinds of mechanism of corporate imperfection. It should be as soon as possible to establish and perfect the management decision-making mechanism for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, establish and perfect the enterprise financial system, strengthen financial manag