grammar主谓一致 梁

1、Useful structures,语法详解： 所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式,The boy _ diving,They _ diving,is,are,like,likes,Finish the following exercises,He (like) fish. They (like) fish,主谓一致主要有以下几种情况,and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况： (1) He and I _both students of this school. 我和他都是这个学校的学生。 如果指两个或两个

2、以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数,语法一致原则,2) 但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用单数,The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance. 那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。 比较：The singer and the dancer going to give us a performance. The knife and fork _on the table. 刀叉在桌子上,is,is,are,A.表整体概念的并列结构： bread and butter knife and f

3、ork iron and steel law and order B.配套事物： a watch and chain a needle and thread,3. every. and every .; each . and each .; no . and no . 在以上短 语中and连接的单数名词, 整个短语 在句中作主语时, 谓语动词常使用单数。 Each man and each woman is asked to attend,Every boy and every girl in the class diligent. 班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。 No sound and n

4、o voice heard. 听不到任何声音,is,is,2. 如果主语是不定式, 动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词用单数。 What he is doing seems very important. 他正在做的事情看起来很重要。 Collecting stamps is his hobby. 收集邮票是他的爱好,1).To hold the Olympic Games_ a rich prize for a country. (be,2). Choosing what to eat _ no longer as easy as it once was,is,is,What we n

5、eed is more time and more materials. 由what等引导的主语从句,谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容为复数意义，则可以用复数形式,3,What we need are teachers,3. with, along with, together with, as well as, but, including 如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词的数由主语的决定。例如： The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the street. 老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树,2

6、.E-mail, as well as the telephones, _ an important part in daily communication,A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play,A,A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. know

7、s C. have known D. is known,1Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday Awas Bwere Chas been Dhave been 2A woman with some children _ soon Ais coming Bare coming Chas come Dhave come 3No one except my parents _ anything about this。 Aknow Bknows Cis known Dare known 4The teacher as well as

8、the students _ the book already Ahas read Bhave read Care reading Dis reading 5All but one _ in the accident Awas killed Bwere killed Cwill be killed Dare killed,either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there be句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致,4. 就近原则,Neither you nor I am wrong. T

9、here is a cup of tea and some apples on the table,Not only the students but also the teacher (wish) for a holiday,wishes,5. 概念一致原则,所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式, 而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数, 但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数, 但在意义上却是单数,His family _going out. 他们全家要外出。 His family _all music lovers. 他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。 集合

10、名词作主语, 动词可用单数, 也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group,is,are,集合名词作主语,The team _ some good players. (have) The team _ handsome. (be,has,are,This class (consist) of 45 students. Mr Green teaches it 这个班45个学生，由格林先生教。 This class (be)

11、all diligent. Mr Green teaches them. 这个班的学生都很用功，由格林先生教,The team (be) the best in the league这个队在联赛中打得最好。 The football team (be)having baths足球队队员们在洗澡,is,are,consists,are,6. 复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用单数，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, no

12、thing。 Someone is asking for you. 有人找你。 Nothing is found in the room. 在屋子里什么也没找到,Neither dog _ big. ( A. is B. are,Neither of them _ big. ( A. is B. are,A,Neither of the rabbits _ handsome. ( A. is B. are,A / B,Neither rabbit _ handsome. ( A. is B. are,A,A / B,代词 none 和neither,代词 none 和 neither 有时可做

13、单数，有时可做复数，主要由说话人的意思决定。但是代表不可数名词时，只看作单数；neither跟单数名词连用时，谓语用单数,3.Neither of us _ (was/were) ready when the party began. 4. None of them _ (has/have) watched the talk show,have/has,was/were,1.None of these people _ doctors. A. has B. is C. are D. was 2.Neither of them _ a good singer. A. are B. is C. w

14、ere D. is used to be,C,B,7. many a, more than one, one and a half与单数名词组成的短语, 谓语用单数。 Many a boy has seen it. 许多孩子都看到了。 8. 书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数。 Thirty years is not a long time. Roots is a famous American novel,9. the rest of; half of; part of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动

15、词与of后面的名词保持一致,Half of the students _finished their composition. 一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。 Half of the apple _bad. 一半的苹果坏了。 About 60 percent of the students in our school _boys. 我们学校, 大约百分之六十的学生是男生,have,is,are,1. 不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定,All of the apples _rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。 All of the apple

16、 _rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。 不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定,are,is,None of the money_ left. 没有剩下一点钱。 None of the students _ there. 没有学生在那里,is,is,10. 某些名词如clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses等, 通常只用其复数形式, 但当它们被a pair of 修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。如: The pair of shoes is worn out. 这双鞋破了。 The shoes are worn out. 鞋子破

17、了,11. 某些名词以s结尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等，谓语动词应用单数。 Physics is a very interesting subject. 物理是一门很有趣的学科,12. 以a number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数; 以the number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 A number of new books are on the desk. The number of students in you class is 50,13. 如果主语由“the + 形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用

18、复数;这类词有: the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the wounded, the unemployed 等; The old are taken good care of,高考链接,1. As a result of destroying the forests, a large _ of desert _ covered the land.(上海2001） A. number; has B. quantity; has C. number; have D. quantity; have,B,精析：a

19、 large number of 后面要接复数名词，所以A不能作为答案。因为desert是单数，所以要填 has。这句话的意思是“毁坏森林的结果是，大片沙漠覆盖了陆地”答案 B,2. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.(上海2000) A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are,C,精析: 分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词表示.如果分子大于1, 分母序数词后加-s. 分数和百分比作主语时,谓语动词的形式取决

20、于分数和百分数后面的名词.句子中的主语 land是单数,所以谓语动词要用is covered. 答案C,3. _ people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day.（上海2001） A. Several million B. Many millions C. Several millions D. Many million,A,精析: 在million前如果有具体的数字或 several等词时，要用单数形式。 many一般不与 million等词连用. 表示“数百万”，英语为 millions of。这句话的意思是“

21、每天，世界上有几十万人通过 e-mail传递信息。”答案 A,4. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _ yet. (浙江2007) A. hasnt been decided B. havent decided C. isnt being decided D. arent decided 点拨 “when and where (to do sth. 或+从句)”作主语时，谓语通常用单数。由题意可知要用被动，又由yet可知要用完成时态,A,5. The father

22、 as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.(辽宁2006) A. is goingB. go C. goesD. are going 点拨 句子主语要和as well as 前面的成分the father保持一致，故谓语动词要用单数，又由every Sunday afternoon in winter可知应该用一般现在时,C,6. He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholar

23、ship for three years.(上海2002春) A. is B. are C. have been D. has been,D,9. As you can see, the number of cars on our roads _ rising these days. (2006全国卷II) A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping 10. A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afte

24、rnoon.(江苏2006) A. is B. are C. was D. were,A,C,11. Most of what has been said about the Smiths _ also true of the Johnsons. (安徽2006) A. are B. is C. being D. to be 12. The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992. (山东2005) A. changeB. has changed C. changingD. have changed,B,B,13. Professor

25、Smith, along with his assistants, _ on the project day and night to meet the deadline. (上海2005) A. work B. working C. is working D. are working 14. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _ in the clothing industry. (辽宁2005) A. is working B. works C. work D. worked,

26、C,C,3. “分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“ a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of 后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如,Lots of damage was caused by fire. About three-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water. Three-fifths of the workers here are women. 和这种情况类似的还有“a number of + 名词复数”。但是,“the number of + 名词”的中心词却是number。试比较,1. A number of students have gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harve