高考英语一轮总复习 第一部分 教材知识梳理 Unit 2 Heroes 北师大版必修1A

1、Unit 2Heroes,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.calmadj.镇静的,沉着的 vt.勘探 6.atmosphere n.大气,气氛 7.found vt.建立,创立,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,8.equaladj.平等的 vt.等于;比得上 n.平等;同辈;相等物 equality n.平等;等式 9.struggle n.斗争,拼搏 vi.奋斗;努力 10.protest n.富有 14.disaster n.灾难,灾祸,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,15.promote vt.促进;提升;促销;晋升 promotion n.促进;提升;推广 16.injury n.伤害,

2、损害 injure vt.损害,伤害 17.mit vt.犯(错误),干(坏事) mitment n.承诺;委任 18.react vi.反应 19.disabled adj.残疾的,无能力的 disable vt.使失去能力;使残废,使伤残 20.confident adj.自信的 confidence n.信心;信任;秘密 confidential adj.机密的,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,21.admire vt.钦佩,羡慕 admiration n.钦佩;赞赏 admirable adj.令人敬佩的;令人赞赏的,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.lift off (火箭、航天器等)

3、发射,起飞,升空 2.let out放出;泄露;出租 3.get on继续;进行;上车 4.e to an end结束,终止 5.in my opinion 在我看来 6.on ones own单独地,独自地 7.give up放弃;投降 8.e to达到某种状态 9.pull through渡过难关;康复 10.mit suicide自杀 11.be/get involved with参加,参与 12.far too太,极为,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.2003年10月15日,星期三,上午9点中国第一艘载人航天飞船在甘肃酒泉发射升空。 Chinas first manned space

4、ship lifted off at 9 am on Wednesday,October 15th,2003 in Jiuquan,Gansu Province. 2.杨利伟展示了中国国旗和联合国国旗,表达了中国人民和平开发利用太空的美好愿望。 .Yang Liwei showed the flags of China and the United Nations,expressing the wishes of the Chinese people to explore and use space peacefully. 3.詹妮弗在厨房里,双手在面粉碗里和着面,这时她看见一个小男孩爬进了卡

5、车。 Jennifer was in the kitchen,with her hands in a bowl of flour ,when she saw a small boy climb into a truck,Shenzhou lifted off at 9 on Wednesday,October 15th,2003.It carried Chinas first astronaut,Yang Liwei,who 1.was chosen(choose) from 1,500 other army pilots. The spaceship was 2.successfully(s

6、uccess) launched.“When the spaceship separated from the rocket,I suddenly got 3.a feeling of soaring into the sky,” said Yang. While the spaceship 4.was circling(circle) the earth for the sixth time,Yang spoke with ground control.He was also able to speak with his wife and son.Yang had several tasks

7、 5.to plete(plete) during the 21-hour flight and only slept for about 3 hours. When the spaceship was doing its seventh circle,Yang showed the flags of China and the United Nations,6.expressing(express) the wishes of the Chinese people to explore and use space peacefully. At 623 am on October 16th,Y

8、ang landed in Inner Mongolia safely.“The surface of the spaceship was glowing red 7.when it came back into the earths atmosphere.” As Yang returned into the earths atmosphere,helicopters were flying to 8.where he would land,ready to collect him,When Yang climbed out 9.of the spaceship,he smiled and

9、waved to the crowds waiting for him.Yang was happy to be home but he said,“I thought 21 hours 10.was(be) too short to stay in space.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,calm adj.镇静的,沉着的 vt.宁静,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,词义辨析 1.calm主要指天气、海洋等处于一种风平浪静的状态;或指人镇静,不慌张,常与be,bee,feel,get,keep,grow等系动词连用,可用quite,perfectly等副词修饰。 The calm sea g

10、ave no hint that the storm was ing.平静的海面上没有一点迹象表明暴风雨即将来临。 You should keep calm even in face of danger.即使面临危险,你也应当保持镇静。 2.quiet可以指事物处于安静的环境之中;或表示人不发出声音,不发表意见;也可指人的性格温和、文静、不易激动等。 He lives a quiet life in the country.他在乡下过着安静的生活。 Mary is a quiet girl.玛丽是个文静的姑娘。 3.still通常表示人或物的静止,而不表示心理上的平静,主要指完全无声或完全无动

11、作。 The little girl kept still in her chair watching TV.小女孩一动不动地坐在椅子上看电视,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,4.silent着重指沉默无语或没有声音,但不一定指没有动作或活动,如 a silent film “无声电影”,a silent machine “没有噪音的机器”等。 He was silent for a moment,then began to answer the question.他沉默了一会儿,然后开始回答问题。 现学活用 用calm,quiet,still或silent填空 1.Youd better ke

12、ep silent about this. 2.Please sit still while I take your photo. 3.Cant you keep the children quiet? 4.She has the ability to keep calm in an emergency,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,found vt.建立,创立,创办;使有根据 .led the 1911 revolution and founded the first Republic of China.领导了辛亥革命并成立了中国历史上第一个民主共和国中华民国。(教材原句P24) 常见用法

13、found a club/pany创办俱乐部/公司 found.on把基于,把建立在 October 1,1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded.1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。 Your reasoning is founded on ignorance of human nature.你的推论是建立在对人性的无知上的,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,拓展延伸 foundation n.基础;地基;创办;基金(会) lay the foundation for/of.给打下基础,为奠定基础

14、strike at the foundation/root of sth.毁灭某事物 without foundation无根据的 现学活用 用found的适当形式填空 1.(2012上海高考改编)The club,founded 25 years ago,is holding a party for past and present members. 2.The foundation of his university took place over 100 years ago,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,equal adj.平等的,均等的;胜任的 vt.等于;比得上 n.平等;同辈;相等

15、物 His first victory was to win the equal rights for blacks to sit on buses.他的首次胜利是赢得黑人坐公交车的同等权利。(教材原句P25) 常见用法 1.be equal with.与平等 be equal to (doing) sth.等于;能胜任;经得起的 be equal in在方面相等的,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,2.equal in在相等 equal with与平等 equal to等于,相当于 Not all men are equal in ability.人的能力并非都是一样的。 In many res

16、pects Asian women see themselves as equal to their husband.在很多方面,亚洲女性都认为自己和丈夫是平等的。 No one equals him in strength.论力气,无人能和他相比。 拓展延伸 equally adv.相等地,平等地 equality n.平等 反义词:unequal adj.不平等的,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 单句填空 1.As is often pointed out,knowledge is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally(equal

17、) for good or evil. 2.Im not equal to the position,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,struggle n.斗争;挣扎;努力,奋斗,拼搏 vi.同斗争/抗争;努力,奋斗,拼搏 常见用法 struggle for为而斗争 struggle with 与做斗争,同搏斗 struggle against 为反对而斗争 struggle to ones feet挣扎着站起来 struggle to do sth.努力做某事 The two leaders are struggling for power.那两个领导人正在争夺权力。 We still hav

18、e to struggle with all kinds of difficulties.我们仍需和种种困难做斗争。 She is struggling to seize the only chance to survive.她正努力抓住这唯一的救命稻草,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 单句填空 1.Bravely,Mary struggled to her feet,and fought against the wind and rain beating against her. 2.Dina,having struggled(struggle) for months to find

19、 a job as a waitress,finally took a position at a local advertising agency,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,pete vi.比赛,竞争,对抗 He has always been very strict with his daughters,training them hard to pete against each other.他对两个女儿一直很严格,严格训练她们彼此竞争。(教材原句P26) 常见用法 pete with/against 与比赛,与竞争 pete for 为争夺而竞争 pete in 参加比赛,在中进行

20、竞争 Japan peted with other countries for world market.日本与其他国家竞争国际市场。 How many runners will be peting in the marathon?多少个赛跑者参加马拉松比赛? The stores have to pete for customers in the Christmas season.商店必须争夺圣诞季的顾客,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,拓展延伸 petition n.竞争,竞赛 petitor n.竞争者 petitive adj.竞争的,有竞争力的 现学活用 单句填空 1.More tha

21、n 10,000 petitors from the world came to Beijing to pete with each other for medals in 2008. 2.Weve seen some potential petitors (pete) fall by the wayside. 3.In order to enter the petitive (pete) market,they reduced the price. 4.The pany must be able to pete in the international marketplace,重点短语,重点

22、句型,重点单词,promote vt.促进;提升;促销,推销;发扬;提拔,晋升 He also raised a lot of money to promote medical research into back injuries.他还募集了大量资金用来促进对背伤的医学研究。(教材原句P28) 常见用法 promote.to.把提升到 promote growth/friendship/understanding促进增长/增进友谊/加强了解 be promoted as.被推广为 Pupils who pass this test will be promoted to the next h

23、igher grade.通过此次考试的学生将升入高一年级。 The organization works to promote friendship between nations.该组织旨在增进各国之间的友谊,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,Bee-keeping is being promoted as an important measure for higher yields.养蜂正作为重要的增产措施加以推广。 拓展延伸 promotion n.提升,晋级;促销 promoter n.赞助者;促进者;(企业的)发起人,创办人 词义辨析 1.promote作“提升”解时,可与advance

24、通用;它强调“促使某种事业向前发展以达到预期的结果,并侧重于对该人或事物(尤指公开性质)的赞助和鼓励”。 2.advance指“向某一目标或方向前进的运动或效果”,并常强调“前进的终点”。 3.progress指“稳定、经常的进步”,这种进步可能有间隔,常用于抽象事物,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 用promote的适当形式填空 1.Last week,Tony was promoted from a clerk to a manager. 2.This years promotion hasnt been very successful,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,mit vt.

25、犯(错误),干(坏事);答应负责 Of course,Ive had moments of feeling sorry for myself,but Ive never had any thoughts of mitting suicide.当然,我有过难过遗憾的时候,但是我从来没有想过自杀。(教材原句P28) 常见用法 mit suicide自杀 mit murder谋杀 mit an error做错事 mit a crime犯罪 mit oneself to (doing) sth.保证(做)某事,致力于(做)某事 be mitted to (doing) sth.致力于(做)某事,重点短

26、语,重点句型,重点单词,She mitted an error when handling the business.她处理业务时犯了一个错误。 He refused to mit himself to any sort of promise.他拒绝作出任何承诺。 The government is mitted to greatly developing education.政府决心要大力发展教育事业。 拓展延伸 1mitment n.承诺;约定;责任;承担义务 make a mitment to sb.向某人承诺 2mitted adj.承担义务的;效忠的,忠诚的;坚定的 Wheres o

27、ur sense of social mitment when were faced with such a situation?面对这样的情况,我们的社会责任感去哪了,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 单句填空 1.(2011湖北高考改编)Giving up my job to go back to full time education was a big mitment,but now I know it was the best decision I ever made. 2.A thinking person must mit himself to working(work)

28、for peace,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,let out释放;泄漏;发出;出租 When Shenzhou V let out its parachute,I felt the ship was shaking.神舟五号释放降落伞时,我感到飞船在颤动。(教材原句P23) Dont let out the plan to the press.别把这计划泄露给新闻界。 The man let out a cry and jumped back several paces.那人大叫了一声,吓得倒退了好几步。 拓展延伸 let sb.down 让某人失望 let.go 放开;松手;放弃 let

29、 go of.放开;松手;放弃 let.alone不打扰;不碰;不变动,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 汉译英 1.这台机器不会让你失望的。 This machine wont let you down. 2.别松开绳子。 Dont let the rope go./Dont let go of the rope. 3.该忘掉过去了。 Its time to let the past go./Its time to let go of the past. 4.别碰我的东西! Let my things alone,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,get on上(车、船等);进展,进行;相

30、处;继续 How do the two sisters get on at home?姐妹俩在家相处得怎样?(教材原句P26) 常见用法 get on/along with意为“与相处;进展”。后接人作宾语时,表示“和某人相处得怎么样”;后接事物时,表示“某事进展如何”。 Dont push.Wait your turn to get on the bus.不要挤!排队上车。 He gets on/along well with his roommate.他和室友相处得很好。 How did you get on at the interview?你面试的情况怎么样,重点短语,重点句型,重点单

31、词,拓展延伸 get across使明白 get around/round/about (消息、谣言等)传开 get away with逃避责任 get down to (doing sth.) 开始认真(做某事) get off下车;动身,出发 get over克服;战胜;恢复 get through通过;做完;看完 现学活用 根据括号内汉语意思,用get构成短语完成句子 1.Blake can always get on/along well with(和睦相处) his neighbors. 2.Lets get down to(着手) discussing the problem. 3

32、.Its not easy for us to get over(克服) the language barrier,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,e to涉及,谈及;到达,达到(状态);突然想起;结束;总共,共计 They have already expressed a keen interest in working in design after their tennis careers e to an end.她们已经对退役后从事设计工作表现出浓厚的兴趣。(教材原句P26) 常见用法 e to an end 结束,终止 e to/into power 上台,掌权 e to a deci

33、sion/conclusion 做出决定/得出结论 e to oneself苏醒,恢复意识 e to terms with达成协议;(甘心)忍受 e to realize/understand/know/wonder.逐渐意识到/理解/认识/怀疑 when it es to.当提到,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,The war finally came to an end.战争终于结束了。 The newly-elected mayor will e to power next Monday.新当选的市长下周一就上任。 She finally came to herself after an

34、immediate treatment.经过及时救治,她终于苏醒过来。 We should learn to e to terms with others.我们应该学会宽容别人。 Youll e to realize what price youll pay for your mistakes.慢慢地你就知道犯错误的代价了。 现学活用 根据括号内所给汉语意思完成句子 1.Most of us know we should cut down on fat,but knowing such things isnt much help when it es to(当提到) eating. 2.Aft

35、er a heated discussion,they finally came to an agreement(达成一致意见,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,pull through使克服困难;渡过难关;脱离危险期;恢复健康 The doctor said I was not going to pull through.医生说我挺不过去了。(教材原句P28) Mary had difficulty with her math,but her teacher pulled her through.玛丽数学学习有困难,但是老师帮助她克服了。 拓展延伸 pull about粗暴对待 pull awa

36、y脱身;离开 pull down拆毁,推毁;推翻;拉下来 pull in (火车) 进站;吸引 pull off脱掉,剥掉 pull on 穿上 pull out (火车)离站;撤离,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,pull over (车辆)停在路边 pull together齐心协力;控制(自己的)感情 pull up拔起;(使)停下 Stop pulling your chairs about!不要再把椅子拖来拖去的! Lost in the show,we found it hard to pull away.表演很吸引人,我们舍不得离开。 Luckily the train had j

37、ust pulled in,so I got on the train on time.幸运的是火车刚刚进站,所以我准时上车了。 We must pull together in order to win the match.要想赢得比赛,我们必须齐心协力。 Dont pull up the young plants,kids.孩子们,别拔那些幼苗,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 用适当的介词或副词填空 1.A new theater will be built where those old houses are being pulled down. 2.Hearing the al

38、arm ringing,I pulled on my shoes and rushed out. 3.His injuries are severe but hes expected to pull through,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,give up 放弃;投降 Since that moment I have never thought of giving up.从那时起,我再也没有想过要放弃。(教材原句P28) 常见用法 give up doing sth.放弃做某事 give up on sb.对某人不抱希望 give up to sb.向某人投降 His mother has

39、 told him to give up smoking many times.他的妈妈已多次叫他戒烟了。 The suspect had to give himself up to the police in the end.嫌犯最终向警方自首了,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,拓展延伸 give away 泄露;捐赠 give in (to.)(向)屈服 give off 发出(光、热、气味) give out 耗尽,精疲力竭;分发;发出(声、光、电) give rise to引起,带来;来源于 His accent gave him away.他的口音让他露出了破绽。 The water

40、gave off a bad smell.这水有一股怪味儿。 He pletely gave out after a long hiking.长途跋涉之后,他累垮了。 His selfish act gave rise to a lot of criticism.他自私的行为招来许多批评,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,词义辨析 1.give in作“屈服”讲时,主要表示在争论、竞争或斗争等当中做出让步或表示屈服等,后接宾语时加介词,表示“向屈服”。 He has given in to my views.他已经听从了我的意见。 2.give up意为“放弃”,它可指放弃某种希望,放弃做某事或拥

41、有某物,也可指放弃做某事的尝试等,用作及物动词短语时,后接名词、代词或V-ing作宾语,表示“放弃”。 You might as well advise me to give up my fortune as my argument.你劝我停止辩论,倒不如劝我放弃一切财产。 现学活用 用give相关短语的适当形式完成句子 1.He will give up smoking (戒烟) for good and all. 2.Jerry disliked his job so he gave it up (放弃了它). 3.Only a coward gives in to his fate (向

42、命运屈服,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,V-ing形式作状语 .Yang Liwei showed the flags of China and the United Nations,expressing the wishes of the Chinese people to explore and use space peacefully.杨利伟展示了中国国旗和联合国国旗,表达了中国人民和平开发利用太空的美好愿望。(教材原句P23) 此句中expressing.为现在分词短语作状语。动词的现在分词作状语,相当于状语从句,在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随情况及独立成分等,

43、作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首,作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.现在分词作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句(引导词有when,while等)。 (1)现在分词所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生,有时可由连词when,while等引导。 (2)现在分词所表示的动作一发生,主句的动作就立即发生时。 When she saw those pictures,she remembered her childhood.=Seeing those pictures,she remembered her childhood.看到那些画,她想起了自己的童年。 A

44、s soon as he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.=(On) Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy.他一听到这个好消息,就高兴得跳起来。 2.现在分词短语作原因状语,相当于一个原因状语从句(引导词有because,as,since等)。 As he was ill,he didnt go to school yesterday.=Being ill,he didnt go to school yesterday.由于生病,他昨天没有去上学,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,3.现在分词作条件状语,相

45、当于一个条件状语从句(引导词有if,unless,once等)。 If you work hard,you will succeed.=Working hard,you will succeed.如果你勤奋一点,你就会成功。 If you turn to the left,you will find the path leading to the school.=Turning to the left,you will find the path leading to the school.如果你向左转,你就会找到到学校去的路。 4.现在分词表示让步,相当于让步状语从句(引导词有althoug

46、h,though,even if,even though等)。 Although they knew all this,they made me pay for the damage.=Knowing all this,they made me pay for the damage.尽管知道了一切情况,他们还是要我赔偿损失,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,5.现在分词可以作方式状语、伴随状语,表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明,是主语的另一个、较次要的动作,相当于一个由and引导的并列结构。 She came into the house,and carried a lot of books.=S

47、he came into the house,carrying a lot of books.她捧着许多书走进了房间。 He lay on the grass,and stared at the sky for a long time.=He lay on the grass,staring at the sky for a long time.他躺在草地上,长时间地望着天空。 特别提醒 伴随状语出现的条件是由一个主语发出两个动作或同一个主语处于两种状态,或同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,6.现在分词表示主句的动作所带来的必然结果,相当于一个并列谓语。

48、 His father died,and left him a lot of money.=His father died,leaving him a lot of money.他父亲过世了,留给他许多钱。 She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground,and broke it into pieces.=She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground,breaking it into pieces.她非常生气,把玩具扔在地上,摔成了碎片。 易错警示 分词作状语的首要条件是分

49、词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。动词的分词形式作状语时,其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。如分词表示的动作不是句中主语发出或承受的,那就是误用。 Entering the classroom,I found nobody in it.走进教室,我发现里面没人。(entering的逻辑主语是I,相当于when I entered the classroom,I found nobody in it.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空 1.Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock,sending(s

50、end) supplies to Yushu,Qinghai Province after the earthquake. 2.The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the flood,enabling(enable) the students to return to their classrooms,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,with的复合结构 Jennifer was in the kitchen,with her hands in a bowl of flour,when she s

51、aw a small boy climb into a truck.詹妮弗在厨房里,双手在面粉碗里和着面,这时她看见一个小男孩爬进了卡车。(教材原句P23) with复合结构由“with+复合宾语”组成,常在句中作状语,表示谓语动作发生的伴随、时间、原因、方式等。其构成有下列几种情形: 1.with+名词/代词+现在分词 现在分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系。 With prices going up so fast,we cant afford luxuries.由于物价上涨很快,我们买不起奢侈品。(原因状语) With the crowds cheering,they drove

52、to the palace.在人群的欢呼声中,他们驱车来到皇宫。(伴随状语,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,2.with+名词/代词+过去分词 过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。 She had to walk home with her bike stolen.自行车被偷,她只好步行回家。(原因状语) 3.with+名词/代词+形容词 I like to sleep with the windows open.我喜欢把窗户开着睡觉。(伴随状语) With the weather so stuffy,ten to one itll rain presently.天气这样闷,十之八九要

53、下雨。(原因状语) 4.with+名词/代词+介词短语 With the children at school,we cant take our vacation when we want to.由于孩子们在上学,所以当我们想度假时也不能去度假。(原因状语) The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.士兵让他背朝着他的父亲站在那儿。(方式状语,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,5.with+名词/代词+副词 He fell asleep with the light on.他睡着了,灯还亮着。(伴随状语) 6.with+名词/代词+

54、动词不定式 不定式表示将要发生的动作。 With a lot of work to do,he wasnt allowed to go out.因为还有很多工作要做,他没有被允许外出。(原因状语) 现学活用 单句填空 1.Seen from space,the earth,with water covering (cover) seventy percent of its percentage,looks like a “blue ball”. 2.With the crisis of economy getting more and more serious,the government i

55、s searching for ways to improve peoples life. 3.With so many tough problems to solve(solve),the manager feels a little worried,一、单句填空 1.(2015湖南高考改编)Only after talking to two students I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals. did。“only+状语”位于句首,句子应用部分倒装。句意:直到与两名学生交谈之后我才发现,具有强烈的动机是达成目标的最大因素之一。 2.(2015天津高考改编)Tom had to turn down the (invite) to the party last weekend because he was too busy. invitation。所填词前面有the修饰,此处应用名词作宾语。 3.(2015湖北高