20131208中英西便徐盼盼庞雨莹

1、巨人学校旗下品牌巨人聚优教研室校区：西便门 科目：英语 年级：高一 总第次课学生：庞雨莹编号：教师：徐盼盼 日期：20131208Unit2 Heroes高中英语时态之般过去式和现在完成时课标导航课程目标层次要求一般过去式现在完成时构成和用法现在完成时的时间状语一般过去式和现在完成时的区别知识梳理一、一般过去时1. 基本用法表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：three days ago, theother day, last year 等。例：She regretted telli ng Jane her ow n affairs.她后悔了告诉简她自己的事

2、情。Doctor White married very late.怀特教授晚婚。2. 特殊用法A. 在复合句中，当描述过去将来的事情时，条件状语从句、时间状语从句和让步状语从句用一般过去时，主句用过去将来时。如；She would give me a gift whe n she came aga in 她再回来就给我一个礼物。B. 表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，且用一般过去时。女口： but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute, the instant 等。例：The mome nt she c

3、ame in, she told me what had happe ned to her.她一进来就告诉我发生在她身上的事情。He bought a watch but lost it.他买了一块表，但是丢了。C. 如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词仍用 过去时。例：He told me he had a good dream last ni ght.他告诉我他昨晚做了一个好梦 。二、现在完成时1. 现在完成时的构成现在完成时是由助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分

4、词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子 的意义。2. 现在完成时的用法现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行 为来说明现在的某种情况。We are good frie nds.现在的情况）I knew him in 1997.（过去的动作）We have known each other since 1997.（现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在）（1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet等副词修饰。如：-Have you had lunch yet?-Y es, I have. Ive

5、just had it.你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停 止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。女口： He has taught here since 1981他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教）I have nt see n her for four years.我有四年没见到她了。（3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语 过” 常带有 twice ,ever, never ,three times等时间状语。女口：I have be

6、e n to Beiji ng twice.我去过北京二次。73现在完成时的时间状语(1) 现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如口： yesterday ,lastSun day,i n1990,three years agO等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。a.用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet 般用于否定句和 疑问 句中。如：We have already finished our homework我们已完成作业了。They have nt fini shed their homework ye

7、t 他们还没有完成作业。b.用ever和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示曾经”或从未等。如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?尔曾经去过长城吗?-I have never bee n to the Great Wa 我从未去过长城。c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。He has bee n there thre

8、e times the last few days.近几天他去过那里三次了。d.用包括 现在”在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning (month, year, term)等。例如：-Have you met him today? -No, I have nt.今天你见过他吗？我没有。How many times have you bee n there this year?今年你去过那里多少次?(2) 现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示一段时间”的状语连用，表示动作 或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I have nt seen him for

9、 two years. 但是， 像come, arrive ,buy等终止性动词不能与表示 一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“ be(在)”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转 换：arrivebe herebegi n( start) be ondiebe deadcome back be backleavebe awayfall ill(sick, asleep) be iliascke p)get upbe upgo out be outfin ishbe overput on wear 或 be onope nbe ope njoin be in 或 b

10、e a member of closebe closedgo to school be a stude ntborrow keepbuy havecatch(a cold) have(a cold)get to know knowbegi n to study studycome to work wor等女口： He has been a soldier for three year他参军三年了。His father has bee n dead for two year 他父亲去世二年了。The film has bee n on for ten mi nu tes电影已开始十分钟了。We

11、have studied En glish for three years 我们(开始)学英语已三年了。4几点注意事项(1)have been(to与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to表示 去过某地(现在已经回来了)”可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示 去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”巨人学校旗声屈牌巨人聚优教研室rnwim常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never, several time等连用，后者则不能。女口： They have been to Beiji ng twice他们去过北京两次。He has gone to Beiji ng . 他

12、去北京了。(2)如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since词，也不必用完成时。如:It is two years since his father died.=His father has bee n dead for two year他 父亲去世已有两年了(3) 终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和 表示一段时间的状语连用。女口： I have nt left here si nce 1997自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿(4) 表示行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在时，用现在完成时，要加表示一段时间 的时间状语时，常用for + 段时间，sinc

13、e+时间点。I have lived here since my childhood我 从小就一直住在这里。I have lived here for 10 years.我在这已经住了 10 年了。(5) 在提问现在完成时的时间状语时通常用how longHow long have you lived here?注意：在表示某一行为状态持续多长时间时，根据终止时间的不同，时态使用是 不一样的。如：I lived here for a week last summer去 年夏天我在这里住了一周。I have lived here for a week by now.到现在为止，我已经在这里住了一

14、周。I will live here for a week n ext year.明年我会在这里住一周。现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。巨人聚优教研室动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在；而一般过去时表示过去的事实，不 表示和现在的关系。I have just bee n to London. I went there last mon th.我刚去过伦敦，是上个月去的。1. 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2. 过去时常与具体

15、的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week ago, in1980, in October, just now具体的时间状语。共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, once, before, already, recently, lately现在完成时的时间状语for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,3现在完成时

16、可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.过去时常用的非持续性动词有 come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。举例:I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）I have see n this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）Why did you get up so early?（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）Who has nt han ded in his paper?（强调

17、有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了。#巨人学校旗下品牌巨人聚优教研室She retur ned yesterday.她是昨天回来了。He has been in the League for three years.（在团内的状态可延续 ）He has been a League member for three years.（是团员的状态可持续 ）He joined the League three years ago. （三年前入团，joined 为短暂行为）句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last,

18、 week, in I960时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。（错） Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对） Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.练习题1. A.用 already 或 yet1） Have they take n dow n the old picturesyet? No, nothave n2） Most of us have finished our compositions阿拉 ready3） He said he hadnvisited the

19、 exhibiti onyet_.B.用 since或 for1） We have lear ned five less ons _sincethe begi nning of this term.2） MrsLiao has bee n in hospitalsincelast week.3） I have stayed at my aunt stwo weeks.C.用 have gone或 have been1） Where are the boy students ? Theyto the school factory.2） Is your father inNo, hetoShen

20、zhe n.he everthere before ? Y es, hethere several times3） He asked me if Ito Han gzhou before.13n everto that city before.I told him that I wan ted to go there for a visit as I巨入勞校旗下品牌巨人聚优教研室经典例题例： More tha n a doze n stude nts in that schoolabroad to study medici ne last year. 2005 年上海卷）A. sentB. w

21、ere sent C. had sentD. had been sent例：He was hop ing to go abroad but his pare ntsthat they wont support him uni ess he can borrow moneyfrom the bank. （2005 年湖北卷）A. were decidi ngB. have decided C. decided D. will decideD例 :-The window is dirty.-I kno w. Itfor weeks. （2004 年全国卷）A. has nt clea nedB.

22、did nt clea nC. was nt clea nedD. has nt bee n clea ned强化练习1. -Im sorry, but I dont quite follow you. Did you say you wan ted to retur n on September20? -Sorry, I myself clear. We want to return on October 20. （ 2010 北京高考）A. had nt madeB. would nt makeC. dont makeD. have nt made2. -When shall we res

23、tart the bus in ess?-Not un til weour pla n. （2010 四川高考） A. will finishB. are finishing C. are to finish D. have fini shed3. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in shenzhen for the money-making jobs theybefore leaving their hometowns.（2010福建高考）A.promised B.were promisedC.have promisedD.have bee n p

24、romised4. Up to now, the programthousan dsof childre n who would otherwise have died.（2010山东卷）A. would save B. savesC. had savedD. has saved5. For many years, people _ electric ears. However, making them has been more difficultthan predicted. （2010 浙江卷）A. had dreamed of B. have dreamed of C. dreamed ofD