真空有载开关.ppt

1、,Technical Background of Vacuum Switching Technology for OLTCs 真空有载分接开关的技术背景,18.04.2007,MR / EVA / Dr. Shen,Page 2,Overview of contents 简介,Introduction of vacuum switching technology 真空开关技术介绍 Key design conception 设计理念 Basic characteristics of vacuum interrupters 真空开关管的基本特性 High performances of vacu

2、um OLTCs 真空有载分接开关的优异性能 Summary of advantages 优势小结 Performance verification性能的验证 Why no significant overvoltage can be caused !为什么不会引起过电压!,18.04.2007,MR / EVA / Dr. Shen,Page 3,Innovative Vacuum Switching Technology in OLTCs真空开关技术对有载分接开关的革新,18.04.2007,MR / EVA / Dr. Shen,Page 4,Vacuum Technology in M

3、R MR 真空技术,Over 20 years of experience with vacuum technology in OLTCs 拥有20多年在有载分接开关中采用真空技术的经验 Worldwide more than 40,000 vacuum interrupters in MR OLTCs in service 全球有4万多支真空开关管在MR有载分接开关中运行 Vacuum interrupters in state-of-the-art design and production specially for OLTC applications 专为有载分接开关的应用而特制的真空

4、开关管具有最新的设计和工艺 High reliability with best operation records 优异的运行业绩证明高可靠性 High life span: maintenance-free for power transformers applications 超长的运行寿命实现在电力变压器中终身免维护 Sharing 75 years MR experience with OLTC manufacturing 分享MR 75年生产有载分接开关的经验,18.04.2007,MR / EVA / Dr. Shen,Page 5,Principle structure of

5、a vacuum interrupter真空开关管的原理结构,18.04.2007,MR / EVA / Dr. Shen,Page 6,Key Design-Conception 真空开关管的设计理念,in transformer oil 适用变压器油,other given insulating medium 适用其他绝缘介质,operating temperature range 适用变压器运行温度范围,expected lifespan of the OLTC 超过有载分接开关的寿命期望,18.04.2007,MR / EVA / Dr. Shen,Page 7,Highlight o

6、f technical features 技术特征,The vacuum interrupter is a hermetically sealed system 真空开关管是一全封闭的系统 The arc (drop) voltage in vacuum is considerably lower than in oil or SF6 真空中的电弧电压比油和SF6 中低 Elimination of the insulating medium as the arc quenching agent 绝缘介质免去了灭弧重担 No aging of the quenching medium 灭弧介质

7、无老化现象 No interaction/oxidation during switching 开关中无交互或氧化 Extraordinary fast dielectric recovery of up to 10 kV/s 真空中超高速介电恢复达10 kV/s,18.04.2007,MR / EVA / Dr. Shen,Page 8,(1). Vacuum interrupter is a hermetically sealed system 真空开关管是一全封闭的系统,there is no interaction with the surrounding medium, despit

8、e the arc 跟周边介质无交互,the switching characteristics do not depend on the surrounding medium 开关性能跟周边介质的状态无关,vacuum interrupters therefore remain tightly sealed throughout their working life 真空开关管在寿命期密封,the state-of-the-art contact materials 最新的触头材料 one-shot brazing technology in vacuum brazing furnace 真

9、空炉中一次焊结工艺 X-ray detecting X光检测 inside pressure measuring 内压测量 HV conditioning 高压老炼 Joints made in this way are not subject to ageing deterioration 真空接缝几乎无老化,18.04.2007,MR / EVA / Dr. Shen,Page 9,(2). Arc voltage in vacuum is low 真空中的电弧电压低,Low arc voltage 低电弧电压,reduced contact wear 降低触头烧损,Contact cle

10、arances only in several mm 触头间距仅几毫米 Metal vapour plasma of the vacuum arc highly conductive 真空电弧几乎纯金属等离子 导电性好,Steady-state pressure in a vacuum interrupter less than 10-9 bar 真空开关管中稳态压力小于10-9巴 Gap dielectricly recovered very quickly 触头间介电恢复非常迅速 short arcing duration 电弧导通时间短 minimal energy conversion

11、 能量转换低 minimal contact erosion 触头损坏小,18.04.2007,MR / EVA / Dr. Shen,Page 10,(3). Elimination of the insulating medium as the arc quenching agent 绝缘介质免去了灭弧重担,elimination of by-products e.g. carbon when using transformer oil 消除油中的分解物(碳颗粒),on-line filter (Oil Filter Unit) not necessary 不需在线,easy dispos

12、al 简化换油,18.04.2007,MR / EVA / Dr. Shen,Page 11,(4). No aging of the quenching medium 灭弧介质无老化现象,constant switching characteristics throughout the entire lifespan of the vacuum interrupters 在真空开关管寿命期开关性能稳定,getter effect of metal-vapor plasma with absorption of free gas molecules 金属蒸汽等离子吸收自由气体分子的获得效应,1

13、8.04.2007,MR / EVA / Dr. Shen,Page 12,(5). No interaction/oxidation during switching 开关中无交互或氧化,minimal contact resistance接触电阻小 constantly low contact resistance 并保持稳定 Heat losses are therefore low 热耗低,high rate of recondensation of metal-vapor on contacts 大部分金属蒸汽在触头表面又重凝聚,significantly extends conta

14、ct life 显著延长了触头寿命,contact surfaces are free of impurities and pollution layer 触头表面无杂质和污染 Highly conductive materials are used 使用高导电材料,18.04.2007,MR / EVA / Dr. Shen,Page 13,(6). Extraordinary fast dielectric recovery 介电恢复异常迅速,fast dielectric recovery of up to 10 kV/s 介电恢复速度达10 kV/s,18.04.2007,MR / E

15、VA / Dr. Shen,Page 14,Summary of advantages (1) 总结 (1),Maintenance-free operations up to 300,000 switching operations 操作30万次免维护,18.04.2007,MR / EVA / Dr. Shen,Page 15,Summary of advantages (2) 总结 (2),Vacuum interrupters for OLTCs designed by MRreach 600,000 switching operations MR 真空开关管的电气寿命达 60 万次操

16、作,18.04.2007,MR / EVA / Dr. Shen,Page 16,Summary of advantages (3) 总结 (3),Mechanical endurance reach 1,200,000 switching operations 机械寿命达 120 万次操作,18.04.2007,MR / EVA / Dr. Shen,Page 17,Performance Verification 性能的验证,IEC 60214-1 type test topics 根据 IEC60214-1 型式试验项目 Temperature rise of contacts 触头温升

17、试验 Switching test 切换试验 Short-circuit current test 短路电流试验 Transition impedance test 过渡阻抗试验 Mechanical tests 机械试验 Dielectric tests 绝缘试验,18.04.2007,MR / EVA / Dr. Shen,Page 18,for VACUTAP V V und VR 具体到 VACUTAP V V und VR 300000 operations maintenance interval 30万次免维护操作 600000 operations vacuum interru

18、pter contact life 真空开关管触头寿命为 60万次操作 1200000 operations diverter switch life span 切换开关的机械寿命为 120万次操作,Performance Verification 性能的验证,MRs VACUTAP testing strategy MR 对VACUTAP 的测试方针 Verification of prolonged maintenance intervals needs extended switching and mechanical tests 延长的维护周期需通过扩展切换和机械试验来验证,18.04

19、.2007,MR / EVA / Dr. Shen,Page 19,IEC 60214-1, type test 根据 IEC60214-1 型式试验,MRs tests for VACUTAP VR + VV MR 对 VACUTAP VR + VV 所做的型式试验,Service duty test50000 operations at maximum rated through-current 工作负载试验 在最大额定通过电流下进行5万次操作,Breaking capacity test 140 operations at twice the maximum rated through-

20、current and its relevant rated step voltage 开断容量试验 1 在两倍最大额定通过电流及相关额定级电压下进行40次操作,Breaking capacity test 240 operations at the maximum rated step voltage and twice its relevant rated through-current(if different from test 1) 开断容量试验 2 在最大额定级电压及两倍相关额定通过电流下进行40次操作(如开断条件不同于试验 1),No further requirements 无

21、进一步要求,Switching endurance test 600000 operations at maximum rated through-current 切换寿命试验 在最大额定通过电流下进行60万次操作,Breaking capacity test 1100 operations at twice the maximum rated through-current and its relevant rated step voltage (after 50000 operations) 开断容量试验 1 在两倍最大额定通过电流及相关额定级电压下进行100次操作(5万次操作后),Bre

22、aking capacity test 2100 operations at the maximum rated step voltage and twice its relevant rated through-current (after 50000 operations) 开断容量试验 2 在最大额定级电压及两倍相关额定通过电流下进行100次操作(5万次操作后),Breaking capacity test 3 after 500000 operations, as test 1 开断容量试验 3 重复开断容量试验 1 (50万次操作后),VACUTAP V V and VR Testi

23、ng Strategy 测试方针Switching Tests 切换试验,18.04.2007,MR / EVA / Dr. Shen,Page 20,MRs tests for VACUTAP VR + VV MR 对 VACUTAP VR + VV 所做的型式试验,Mechanical endurance test500000 operationsminimum 50% at Toil 75C 机械寿命试验 50 万次操作， 50%在油温75C,Low temperature test100 operations at Toil = -25C 低温试验 100 次操作，油温 = -25C,

24、Insulating Liquids 仅在矿物油中,IEC 60214-1, type test 根据 IEC60214-1 型式试验,Mechanical endurance Test 1500000 operations100% at Toil = 80C 机械寿命试验 150 万次操作，100% 在油温 80C,Low temperature test 136 operations at Toil = -30C 低温试验, 136 次操作，油温 = - 30C High temperature test 136 operations at Toil = 130C 高温试验, 136 次操

25、作，油温 = 130C,Alternative insulating liquids: 包括替代绝缘油 High molecular weight hydrocarbons Synthetic / natural ester,VACUTAP V V and VR Testing Strategy 测试方针 Mechanical Endurance Tests 机械寿命试验,18.04.2007,MR / EVA / Dr. Shen,Page 21,Prolongation of the Maintenance-Interval 维护周期的延长 VACUTAP VR,Switching per

26、formance verified / 得到验证 切换性能 Contact wear verified / 得到验证 触头磨损 Mechanical performance verified / 得到验证 机械性能 In transformer oil在变压器油中 Alternative insulating fluids在替代绝缘油中 Operating temperature range在运行温度范围 Expected life span of the OLTC寿命的期望值,Customers benefit 用户的利益 VACUTAP fit for 300000 operations

27、VACUTAP 适用30万次免维护操作,E,18.04.2007,MR / EVA / Dr. Shen,Page 22,Could the operation of vacuum interrupter cause overvoltage ? 为什么不会引起过电压 ?,Dr. K.-H. Weck FGH e.V., Germany 德国高压和高电流研究所,Prof. Meng-Yun Wang 王梦云教授 China Electric Power Research Institute, PR China 中国电力科学研究院,Dr. D. Shen, Dr. D. Dohnal, K. Ro

28、ider Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH, Germany 德国 MR 公司 H. Hring MR China Ltd MR 公司 (中国),Comparison of the overvoltages in on-load tap-changers with vacuum interrupters and overvoltages in circuit breakers 真空熄弧型有载分接开关和真空断路器中过电压的比较,Co-authors of the paper and the investigation:,18.04.2007,MR / EVA / D

29、r. Shen,Page 23,Inductive switching 断路器开断一个感性负载,equivalent circuit of a transformer and a circuit breaker 变压器和断路器的单相等值电路,conservation law of energy 能量守恒定律,maximum overvoltage at the transformer terminal 变压器线端的过电压最大值,18.04.2007,MR / EVA / Dr. Shen,Page 24,changing from one tap to the next by means of

30、 an OLTC有载分接开关从一个分接到下一个分接的变换过程,U1,UST,(a) OLTC at tap position 1,C,U,R2,L2,R1,L1,OLTC,C,RT,LT,RT,LT,I,(b) OLTC at tap position 2,C,U,R2,L2,OLTC,RT,LT,I,RT,LT,C,R1,L1,equivalent circuit of a transformer with an OLTC 变压器和有载分接开关的等值电路,18.04.2007,MR / EVA / Dr. Shen,Page 25,Results: Full transformer with

31、 earthed neutralOpening of the interrupter ”main contact“结果: Y结中性点接地变压器 / 主触头断开时,High frequency oscillations superimposed to the operating voltage 引起高频电压分量 Amplitudes are small 电压幅值很小,Voltage across 1. element of tap winding 分接绕组第一个元素两端的电压,Voltage across 1. element of coarse winding 粗调绕组第一个元素两端的电压,18.04.2007,MR / EVA / Dr. Shen,Page 26,Results: Full transformer with earthed neutralOpening of the interrupter “main contact“计算结果: Y结中性点接地变压器 / 主触头断开时,High frequency oscillations in the regulating winding have disappeared 高频瞬变已消失,Voltage across re