夹具类外文翻译-夹具设置规划和夹具配置系统【中文3140字】【PDF+中文WORD】
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【中文3140字】 夹具设置规划和夹具配置系统 摘要通过自动化夹具设计和配置的任务我们可以节省大量的时间和工程师烦人的工作过程。在本文中，系统的介绍给我们的一些建议和顺序设置的需要，在适当的设备中加工工件的建议。输入数据的CAD模型以IGES格式保存的工件，并注明技术要求和输出数据是CAD模型所需的设备。关键词：夹具设计1.介绍 夹具帮助我们提高生产力和工件的精度。生产力的增加通过减少所需的时间完成工件,通过增加和建立新的稳定切削参数和工件的夹紧装置。增加精度可以精确的帮助实现定位和稳定的支持和适当的夹紧工件。之前,我们从这些需要仔细选择的基准表面定位和夹紧工件,然后需要仔细选择功能夹具元素,并为他们找到这样的布局,将确保工具不受阻碍的运动。当然,减少时间我们也必须保持的数量设置尽可能低。通常,找到一个可以接受的布局,我们必须找出几个基准面组合,每个固定元素的布局我们找到一个可接受的解决方案。这是一个烦人的和耗时的过程,以加快我们已经开发出一种系统,给出了这一过程建议所需的设置,可以构建一个固定装置。建筑设备在固体边缘环境可视化,如果最终应该改变可以很容易地改变。因为一个系统,能够提供任何解决方案工件巨大的机床组合,我们的工作是在盒子形状的部分(首先变速箱房屋)加工卧式加工中心。2.文献概述 工程师的愿望是以某种方式更快、更容易设置、夹具规划和夹具的设计,努力尝试不同的方法，这也是一个较长的过程。一些努力专注于设置自动化;其他夹具规划Kulankara和Melkote1,Necmetin2。3;一些夹具设计细细的分解。当然有在一个系统试图解决所有这些任务。法和Tolouei7开发了一种坚实的工作基础夹具规划和设计系统。这些只是少数最近的结果。3.系统化的夹具的主要任务盒子形状的零件 由于各种各样的形状,尺寸和材料,工件需要一个巨大的系统分类工件类型以及选出最好的夹具类型,就像支持子任务,定位和可以输入夹紧。在图1中不同的支持在卧式加工中心(主定位)类型显示。 图1 支撑类型图2给出了不同的指导(次要的定位)和结束停止(三级定位)类型。 图2 侧定位类型 有4种侧定位方法(图2):(1)定位下表面相邻的支撑面,(2)使用内部定位，固定两个面,(3)定位与利用内径放在支持面和一个面毗邻支持的面,(4)定位应用两个螺纹接头(带安装轴螺丝)支持的面。 在图3中可以看到不同类型的夹紧和最常用的盒子形状零件。基于夹紧力方向可以区分(图)垂直夹紧(s1)夹紧力垂直于支承面-和并行夹紧(s2)-夹紧力与平行支承面。 图3 夹紧类型基本类型s1,取决于位置夹紧的面,可以进一步分为亚型s11和s12系列。对于s11夹紧表面最接近平行plane-locating面。对于s12夹紧表面(s)的对面平行定位的面。通过使用槽进行夹紧工件上的孔。一个特殊的夹紧方式夹紧螺丝和螺纹接头在飞机上定位(s3)。在这种情况下,夹紧力是垂直的,但力的传递发生了不同的方式。夹紧的数量是一个非常重要的特性，我们区分夹在一个,两个,三个或四个点。如果我们补充前面的基本类型得到信息,可能夹类型:s11_2、s11_3 s11_4;s12_2、s12_3 s12_4;s13_1,s13_2;s2_1 s2_2;s3_2 s3_3 s3_4。在枚举最后一个数字符号意味着夹的数量点。4.夹紧系统的结构 计划系统包括四个模块: 1) 夹具的CAD模型处理模块(IPPO)分析曲线和表面工件的CAD模型,提取它们的最重要的特点,组织技术和夹具的功能。 2) 设置夹具规划模块(SUPFIX)的基础上,前面的输出数据模块,给出的建议是数量和顺序需要设置,提出概念性的解决方案所需的夹具。 3) operation-planning模块(OP)这一点模块还没有建造。这个模块的作用设置将被分解和特定的削减,选择具体的工具对于每个削减,并确定每个切削参数。 4) 设备配置模块(FIXCO)公认的概念试图构建具体的解决方案夹具组件。在这些组件的帮助下，VB程序可以在固体边缘改变环境,如果有必要可以进一步的改进。CAD模型的组装夹具可以打开凸轮程序,对夹具元素进行标记,这样这些工具生成的路径使刀具不会撞上夹具。在图4中可以看到系统的示意图。 图4 设置夹具规划和夹具设计系统4.1 CAD模型处理模块这个模块分析曲线和曲面工件模型。功能模块的类型可以识别所示图5中,这些不同的孔,不同的提高表面精度要求,以及多个面放在同样的“高度”。 图5 最常见的特性变速箱 图6 表面的组织当然可以对认可的特性进一步增加如有必要通过添加新规则系统。数据的特性或特征自动从模型表面中提取。从技术方面看这些数据是很重要的,但是其中的一些从夹具方面说明。表面的特性可以根据其形状、大小和位置进行分类。例如太小表面或表面形状不支持当然不能使用,最后停止或夹紧被淘汰以减少所需的时间下一个模块找到一个可接受的解决方案。4.2 设置夹具规划模块 用户这个模块打开保存的文件包含之前的模块的输出数据,建议视觉检查模块的夹具的主要设置和解决方案,如果喜欢它用户可以保存它。之后,用户视觉检查模块，性解决方案辅助设置,并且可以接受或拒绝它。首先,它试图找到这样工件定位,所有连接的工件可以加工设置这是根据技术理想的方向相同。如果这种尝试没有成功，然后试图找到这种取向,至少有严格连接特性(表面)加工相同的设置。如果没有被提及一些策略,那么机器必须严格按照不同的设置连接(公差意味着复杂和昂贵的特性使用)。4.3 夹具配置模块 用户打开一个一个先前生成的模块的输出文件(主要包含概念性的解决方案,或一个包含概念性解决方案辅助设置),这个模块试图建立一个可使用的夹具。从表面上看,选择的类型大小要符合要求,使它们放在合适的相对于工件位置,旋转工作的位置。选择的类型和大小按照提出的类型定位元素定位(这种方式搜索显著的空间减少,因此,夹具制造时间是减少)，选择定位元素是适当的相对于工件的位置。最后,它选择合适的夹紧元素和夹紧类型,定义了它们的大小,以便接触面积与夹紧元件足够大。夹紧元素直接安装,或者借助一些工具,必须尽可能靠近夹紧的地方,以最小化作用于夹紧元素。元件数量应最小化,因此精度的刚性夹具更大。5.测试运行的结果 在图7中是一个典型的盒子形状,灰口铸铁齿轮箱体最重要的是尺寸和公差。 图7 齿轮箱体 在图8中是表面的加工，第一次设置标记(底部,和四个小孔图9中)和第二表面加工设置标记。图10中提出了概念性的解决方案(辅助)设置。在第一个工件设置(第二个设置的基准表面加工)应该放在紫环带表面(提出支持类型是pos1)。 图8 在第一次设置表面加工 图9 在第二个设置表面加工在图11中,建立夹具与工件。工件放在三个黄金颜色可调节的支持的面,三个蓝色的面帮助直螺栓(中心)和可调停止(方向)进行夹紧。 在图13中主要提出概念性解决方案设置。工件应放在紫平面(提议的支持类型是pos1),位于黑色和红色洞之间(拟议的定位类型是p22)，应该是夹在四个绿色的平面上(s11类型提出了夹紧)。为gridholes支持使用一个特殊的基板，根据工件在定位销适当位置上加工的孔。 图10 首次提出了概念性的解决方案(辅助)设置 图11 首次建立了夹具安装工件 图12 建筑首先设置滴、工件的夹具 图13 第二次提出概念性的解决方案(主要)设置 图14 建立第二安装夹具和工件 图15 建立夹具的第二安装工件6.结论摘要夹具规划设计系统,使工艺工程师的工作更容易和更快。系统测试了工件零部件,检测出结果(简单的夹具的结构和足够的稳定性)。当操作计划模块开发的系统在拥有混合切割时可以验证工具尺寸,该工具可建立夹具方面方案。参考文献1 Kulankara K., Shreyes N. M., Machining fixture layout optimization using genetic Algorithm, International Journal of Machine Tools Manufacture2000:40:5795982 Necmettin K., Machining fixture locating and clamping position optimization using genetic algorithms, Computers in Industry 2006:57:1121203 Y. Wang_, X. Chen, Q. Liu, N. Gindy , Optimisation of achining fixture layout under multi-constraints , International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture 2006:46:129113004 Gaoliang P., Guangfeng C., Chong W., Hou X., Yang J., Applying RBR and CBR to develop a VR based integrated system for machining fixture design, Expert Systems with Applications 2011:38:26385 Shasha Z., Xiaojin W., Wenlong L., Zhouping Y., Youlun X., A novel approach to fixture design on suppressing achining vibration offlexible workpiece, International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture 2012:58:29436 Yunbo Z., Yingguang L., Wei W., Feature-based fixture design methodology for the manufacturing of aircraft structural parts,Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 2011:27:9869937 U. Farhana and M. Tolouei-Rada, 2011. “Design of modular fixtures using a 3D-modelling approach”, 19 International Congress on Modelling and Simulation, Perth, Australia, 1216 December 20118 Rtfalvi A., 2011. “IGES-based CAD model post processing module of a Setup and Fixture Planning System for boxshaped parts”, SISY 2011, IEEE 9th International Symposium on Intelligent Systems and Informatics, Subotica, Serbia, Sept. 8-10,20019 M. Stampfer, Automated setup and fixture planning system for box-shaped parts,International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 2009:45:540552Available online at Procedia CIRP 7 (2013) 228 233Forty Sixth CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems 2013Fixture and Setup Planning and Fixture Configuration SystemRtfalvi Attila a*, Michael Stampfer.b, Szegh Imre cSubotica Tech, Marka Orekovi a 16, 24000 Subotica, Serbia Unuversity of Pcs ,Rkus u.2 , 7625 Pcs, HungaryBudapest University of Technology and Economics, Egri Jzsef u. 1, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary * Corresponding author. Tel.: +381-24-655-222; fax: +381-24-655-255,.E-mail address: ratoszvts.su.ac.rsAbstract 2013. Rtfalvi A., Stampfer M., Szegh I. Published by Elsevier B.V.Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Professor Pedro Filipe do Carmo CunhaBy automating the tasks of the fixture design and configuration we can save considerable time, and spare the process engineer from a tiresome work. In this paper a system is introduced that gives us recommendations on the number and the order of the needed setups, and proposals on the appropriate fixtures needed at machining a given workpiece. The input data are the CAD model of the workpiece saved in IGES format, and the technological requirements. The output data are the CAD models of the needed fixtures. 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Professor Pedro Filipe do Carmo CunhaKeywords: fixture planning; fixture design1. IntroductionFixtures help us to increase the productivity and the precision of the workpiece. The productivity is increased through decreasing the time needed for taking off the finished workpiece, and setting up the new one, and through increasing the cutting parameters due to stable supporting and clamping of the workpiece. Increased precision can be achieved with the help of precise locating and stable supporting and proper clamping of the workpiece. From these requirements follows that we have to carefully select the datum surfaces on the workpiece for supporting, locating and clamping, and then have to carefully choose out the functional fixture elements, and find for them such layout, which will ensure unhindered motion of the tools. Of course to reduce the stand time we also must keep the number of setups as low as possible. Often, to find an acceptable layout, we have to work out several datum surface combinations, and for each a fixture element layout while we find an acceptable solution. This is a tiresome and time-consuming process, and in order to speed up this process we have developed a system that givesproposals on the needed setups and can build a fixture for any accepted proposal. The built fixtures can be visualized in Solid Edge environment, and can be easily changed if eventually something should be changed. Since a system that is capable to give solution for any workpiece machine tool combination would be enormous; our work is confined on box-shaped parts (first of all gearbox houses) that are machined on horizontal machining centers.2. Literature overviewSince it is an ancient desire of the process engineers to make somehow quicker and easier the setup and fixture planning and the fixture design, there were numerous attempts to algorithm these tasks. Some attempts focused on setup automation; others on fixture planning Kulankara and Melkote1, Necmetin2, Wang et al.3; some on fixture design Gaoliang et al.4, Shasha et al.5, Zhou et al.6; and of course there were attempts to solve all these tasks within one system. Farhan and Tolouei7 developed a Solid Works based fixture planning and design system. These are only a few of the most recent results.2212-8271 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Professor Pedro Filipe do Carmo Cunha doi:10.1016/cir.2013.05.039Rtfalvi Attila et al. / Procedia CIRP 7 (2013) 228 2332333. Systematization of the main fixturing tasks in case of box-shaped partsDue to the great variety in shape, size and material of the workpieces it would take a huge system to classify all the workpiece types and the best fixture types for each, but the subtask like supporting, locating and clamping can be typed. In Fig. 1 the different supporting (primary locating) types on horizontal machining center are shown.Fig. 1. Supporting typesIn case of pos1 four sides of the workpiece can be machined in one setup, in case of pos2 three sides, in case of pos3 three sides plus the fourth side partly - through the openings on supporting side.Fig. 2 presents the different guiding (secondary locating) and end stopping (tertiary locating) types.Fig. 2. Side locating typesThere are 4 types of side locating (guiding) established (fig.2): (1) side locating with the help of surfaces adjoining to the supporting face, (2) side locating with the use of two inside diameters on the supporting face, (3) side locating with utilization of one inside diameter laying on the supporting face and one face adjacent to the supporting face, (4) side locating with application of two threaded joints (with fitted shaft screws) on the supporting face.In Fig. 3 one can see the different types of clamping most commonly used for box-shaped parts. Based on the clamping force direction one can distinguish (fig.3) perpendicular clamping (s1) the clamping force is perpendicular to the supporting surface - and parallelclamping (s2) the clamping force is parallel with the supporting surface.Fig. 3. Clamping typesThe basic type s1, depending on location of the clamping faces, can be further divided into subtypes s11, s12 and s13. In the case of s11 the clamping surfaces are the closest parallel faces to the plane-locating (supporting) surface. In the case of s12 the clamping surface(s) is on the opposite side of the plane locating face. By s13 the clamping is carried out using a trough hole on the workpiece. One special way of clamping is clamping by screws and threaded joints on the plane locating face (s3). In this case the clamping forces are acting perpendicular, but the force transmission happens in different way. The number of clamping points is also a very important characteristic of a clamping. We distinguish clamping in one, two, three or four points. If we supplement the previous basic types with this information, the possible clamping types are obtained: s11_2, s11_3, s11_4; s12_2, s12_3, s12_4; s13_1, s13_2; s2_1, s2_2; s3_2, s3_3, s3_4. In the enumerated notation the last number means the number of clamping points.4. The structure of the systemThe planned system consists of four modules:1) The CAD model post processing/fixture pre processing module (IPPO) which analyzes the curves and surfaces on the CAD model of the workpiece, extracts their most important characteristics, and organize them into technological and fixturing features.2) The setup and fixture planning module (SUPFIX) which, on the base of the output data of the previous module, gives proposal on the number and order of the needed setups, and proposal on the conceptual solution of the needed fixture(s).3) The operation-planning module (OP) this module is not constructed yet. The role of this module will be to decompose the setups onto particular cuts, to select concrete tools for each cut, and to determine the cutting parameters for each cut.4) The fixture configuration module (FIXCO) for the accepted conceptual solutions tries to build concrete fixture assemblies. These assemblies with the help of a little VB program (GLUE) can be opened in Solid Edge assembly environment; where interference check can be done, and - if necessary even further changes can be made. The fixture documentation in the possession of these can be easily and quickly made. The CAD model of the assembled fixture can be opened with a CAM program, and there the fixture elements can be marked as check bodies, and this way such tool paths generated, where the tool does not collide with fixture elements.In Fig. 4 one can see the schematic view of the system.Fig. 4. The setup and fixture planning and fixture design system4.1. The CAD model post-processing moduleThis module analyzes all the curves and surfaces of the workpiece model, and tries to organize them into features, and extracts the characteristic data of the assumed feature. The types of the features the module can recognize are shown inFig. 5, these are different kind of holes (blind or through holes with or without thread, with or withoutsinkage, with or without slots), different raised (boss top) surfaces, different sinked (pocket bottom) surfaces, group of surfaces laying on the same “height”.Fig. 5. The most common features on gearboxesSuch surface groups (tf5 03) can further be divided into subgroups depending on the global form they are forming, and on the number of the members of the group (Fig. 6).Fig. 6. Subgroups of the surface groupsOf course the sort of recognized features can be further increased - if necessary by adding new rules to the system. The characteristic data of the features or surfaces (dimensioned in the figures) are automatically extracted from the model. These data are important first of all from the technological aspect, but some of them from fixturing aspect too. The features and surfaces are classified on the basis of their shape, size and location. For example too small surfaces, or surfaces with a shape that certainly can not be used neither for supporting, nor for guiding, end stopping or clamping are eliminated in order to reduce the time needed for the next module to find an acceptable solution.The workflow looks like this, the user (process engineer) opens the CAD model of the workpiece saved in IGES format, and checks the recognized features, prescribes which features or surfaces has to be machined, with what precision, then prescribes the relationship tolerances, and finally saves the data. A more detailed description about this module can be read in 8.4.2. The setup and fixture planning moduleThe user opens with this module the saved file containing the output data of the previous module, and visually checks the modules proposals on the conceptual solution of the fixture for the main setup, and if likes it the user can accept it. After that the user visually checks the modules proposals on the conceptual solution for the auxiliary setup(s), and can accept or refuse it. If a conceptual solution is refused, the module searches for another conceptual solution. At first the module gives proposals for the main setup (where the most important tolerances are machined), proposal on the type of the supporting, and on the surface(s) to be used for supporting, proposal on the type of the locating, and on the surface(s) to be used for locating, and proposal on the type of the clamping, and the surface(s) to be used for clamping. First, it tries to find such orientation for the workpiece in which all tolerance connected sides of the workpiece can be machined in the same setup this is the technologically ideal orientation. If this does not succeed, then it tries to find such orientation where all strictly connected sides can be machined in the same setup (loose tolerances are left out from consideration). If this attempt brings no success either, then it tries to find such orientation where at least all strictly connected features (surfaces) can be machined in the same setup. If none of the mentioned strategies bring fruit, then one must machine some strictly connected tolerances in different setups (what means that complicated and expensive features have to be used). The size and shape of the supporting surface candidates are examined; firstly big enough flat surfaces are taken in consideration, secondly big enough cylindrical, thirdly big enough groups of flat surfaces. Apart from size and shape, the locating surface candidates are also investigated from the aspect of location, too. The clamping surface candidates are also examined from the aspects of size, shape and location, and except that from the aspect of possible force closing direction, since it is the best when the greatest cutting force is in form closed way hindered.This module is more detailed introduced in 9.4.3. The fixture configuration moduleThe user opens one of the output files (either the one that contains the conceptual solution for the main, or the one that contains the conceptual solution for the auxiliary setup) generated by the previous module, and this module tries to build an acceptable fixture. The built fixture applies the supporting method proposed in the conceptual solution, on the surface(s) recommended for supporting, selects the type and the size of the supporting elements, and puts them on appropriateposition relative to the workpiece, which is rotated to work position. Also it selects the type and the size of the locating elements in accordance with the proposed type of locating (this way the search place is significantly reduced, so the fixture building time is cut down). The selected locating elements are put in the appropriate position relative to the workpiece. Finally, it selects the clamping elements, which are eligible for the proposed clamping type, defines their size so that the contact area between the workpiece and the clamping element is large enough. The gridhole in which the clamping element is directly mounted, or with the help of some adapting elements, must be as close to the clamping place as it is possible, in order to minimize the moment acting on the clamping element. Adopting elements are not always used, only in cases when the clamping or locating surface is too far (for example, too high) from the closest grid hole on the base plate. The number of adapting elements must be minimized, thus the precision and the rigidity of the fixture is greater.5. Results of a test runIn Fig. 7 a typical box-shaped part is presented, a gearbox housing cast in sand from gray cast iron. The most important tolerances are dimensioned on the part, for better understanding one piece is broken out.Fig. 7. Gearbox housingIn Fig. 8 the surfaces machined during the first setup are marked (the bottom, and the four through holes on it), in Fig. 9 the surfaces machined during the second setup are marked. In Fig. 10 the proposed conceptual solution for the first (auxiliary) setup is presented. On the basis of the proposal, the workpiece during the first setup (where the datum surfaces of the second setup are machined) should be laid on the violet ring-like surface (the proposed supporting type is pos1), should be positioned over the four red inner cylindrical surfacesand the gray (black) flat angled surface (the proposed locating type is p3). The clamping should be executed on the green ring-like surface (the proposed clamping type is s13).Fig. 8 Surfaces machined during the first setupFig. 9 Surfaces machined during second setupThe fixture built by the FIXCO module on the basis of these recommendations can be seen in Fig. 11, where the fixture together with the workpiece is shown. In Fig. 12 the same fixture is presented without the workpiece. The workpiece is laid on the three gold colored adjustable supports, located with the help of three blue straight bolts (centering) and the adjustable stop (direction), clamped with the help of a strud and an open strap (the nut is not put) over a through hole. Since the strud is not long enough, an adapter element is needed too, a tie-rod bolt.In Fig. 13 the proposed conceptual solution for the second (main) setup is shown. The workpiece should be laid on the violet flat surfaces (the proposed supporting type is pos1), should be located over the black and red through holes (the proposed locating type is p22), and should be clamped over the four green flat surfaces (s11 type clamping is proposed). In Fig. 14 the built fixture can be seen together with the workpiece, in Fig. 15 the built fixture without the workpiece can be seen. For supporting a special base plate is used without gridholes. The holes for locating pins are machined on the appropriate place depending on the workpiece. The locating elements are the two gold colored straight bolts. Four hook clamps are selected for fulfilling the clamping task, and (since their adjustability is not enough) in each a screw is put to bridge the missing distance.Fig. 10. The proposed conceptual solution for the first (auxiliary) setupFig. 11. The built fixture for the first setup with the workpieceFig. 12. The built fixture for first setup wihtout the workpieceFig. 13. The proposed conceptual solution for the second (main) setupRtfalvi A., Stampfer M., Sz
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