初中英语近义词辨析中考复习

1、智胜科技初中英语近义词辨析中考复习1. clothes, cloth, clothingclothes 统指各种衣服， 谓语动词永远是复数， cloth 指布，为不可数名词clothing服装的总称， 指一件衣服用a piece of, anarticle of2. family, house, homehome 家，包括住处和家人， house 房子，住宅， family 家庭成员 . My family is a happy one.3. sound, voice, noisesound 自然界各种各样的声音， voice 人的嗓音， noise 噪音 I hate the loud no

2、ise outside.4. photo, picture, drawing1智胜科技photo 用照相机拍摄的照片，picture 可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing 画的画 .5. population, peoplepopulation 人口，人数， people 具体的人 China has a large population.6. road, street, path, wayroad 具体的公路，马路，street 街道，path小路，小径， way 道路，途径take this road; in the street, show me the way to the muse

3、um.7. custom, habitcustom 传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接 to do ， habit 生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接 of doing. Ive got the habit of drinking a lot.2智胜科技8. exercise, exercises, practiceexercise 运动，锻炼（不可数） ，exercises练习（可数）， practice （反复做的）练习Practice makes perfect.9. class, lesson作课解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson.指 班 级 或 全 体 学 生 用class.Less

4、on 6; class 5.10. officer, officialofficer 部队的军官， official 政府官员anarmy officer11. work, job二者均指工作。 work 不可数， job 可数agood job3智胜科技12. couple, paircouple 主要指人或动物， pair 多指由两部分组成的东西a pair of trousers13. country, nation, state, landcountry侧重指版图，疆域，nation指人民，国民，民族，state 侧重指政府， 政体，land 国土，国家 The whole natio

5、n was sad at the news.14. police, policemanpolice 警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman 指某个具体的警察 The police are questioning everyone in the house.15. problem, questionproblem 常和困难连系，前面的动词常为thinkabout,solve, raise ，question 常和4智胜科技疑问连系，多和ask, answer 连用 .16. chick, chicken二者均可指小鸡， chicken 还可以当鸡肉 The chicken is del

6、icious.17. trip, journey, travel, voyagetravel是最常用的， trip指短期的旅途，journey 指稍长的旅途， voyage 指海上航行 a three-day trip18. sport, gamesport 多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等； game 指决定胜 负 的 游 戏 ， 通 常 有 一 套 规 则 Hisfavorite sport is swimming.19. price, prizeprice 价格， prize 奖，奖品，奖金win the5智胜科技first prize, The price is h

7、igh/low.20. a number of, the number ofa number of许多，谓语动词用复数。thenumberof 的数目，谓语动词用单数。The number of students is increasing.21. in front of, in the front ofin front of范围外的前面， in the front of范围内的前面In the frontof the roomsits a boy.22. three of us, the three of usthree of us我们（不止三个）中的三个，the three of us 我

8、们三个（就三个人） The three of us-Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.23. by bus, on the bus6智胜科技by bus 表手段，方式，不用冠词，on thebus 表范围They went there by bus.24. next year, the next yearnextyear 将来时间状语， thenextyear过去将来时间状语 He said he would go abroad the next year.25. in place of, in the place ofin place of 代替， in

9、the place of 在 地方 A new building is built in the place of the old one.26. a girl, one girla girl 可泛指所有女孩 , one girl 一个女孩 Can one girl carry such a big box?27. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher7智胜科技the doctor and teacher指一个人， 既是医生又是老师， the doctor and the teacher两个人，一个医生和一个老师the docto

10、rand teacher is28. in bed, on the bedin bed 卧在床上， on the bed 在床上 The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed.29. in charge of, in the charge ofin chargeof 管理，负责照料，in thecharge of 由 照料 He is in charge of the matter. The matter is in the charge of her.30. in class, in the classin class 在课上， in the class

11、在班级里 He is the best student in the class.8智胜科技31. a second, the seconda second 又一，再一， the second 第 He won the second prize.32. it, oneit 同一物体， one 同类不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.33. that, thisthat 指代上文所提到的，this 导出下文所要说的I was ill. Thats why34. none, nothing, no onenone 强调有多少， nothing,no

12、 one 强调有没有， nothing 指物， no one 指人- How many/How much-? None.35. anyone, any oneanyone 指人，不能接 of ，any one 指人物9智胜科技均可，可接of any one of you36. who, whatwho 指姓名或关系， what 指职业或地位 What is your dad? He is a teacher.37. what, whichwhat 的选择基础是无限制的，which 在一定范围内进行选择Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?38. othe

13、r, anotherother 后接名词复数， another 后接名词单数 other students, another student39. many, much, a lot ofmany 和可数名词连用， much 和不可数名词连用， a lot of 可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句I havent many books.10智胜科技40. much morethan, many morethanmuch morethan后接形容词或不可数名词 ， manymorethan后 接 可 数 名 词many more people, much more water, much more

14、 beautiful41. no, notno=not a/any no friend=not a/any friend no water=not any water42. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneselfby oneself 单独的，独自的，for oneself为自己，to oneself 供自己用的， of oneself自行的，自动的The door opened of itself.43. at all, after all11智胜科技at all 根本，全然 , after all 到底，毕竟Afterall he is

15、 a child.44. tall, hightall 常指人或动物， high 常指物体He istall.45. fast, quicklyfast 侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，quickly 侧重指某事完成或发生的快run fast, answer the question quickly46. healthy, healthfulhealthy健康的，健壮的，healthful有益于健康的healthful exercise47. sleeping, asleep, sleepysleeping 正在睡觉， asleep 睡着，熟睡，只能做表语， sleepy 困的，有睡意的

16、12智胜科技a sleeping baby The baby is asleep. Imsleepy.48. just, veryjust 表强调时是副词，作状语，very 表强调时是形容词，用作定语the very man,just the man49. real, truereal 真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的， true 真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合real gold,a truestory50. pleasant, pleased, pleasingpleasant常用作定语， pleased,pleasing常用作表语， pleased 主语常为人，plea

17、sing 主语常为物a pleasant trip The13智胜科技trip is pleasing.51. ill, sickill 做表语， sick 定，表均可a sick boy52. good, wellgood 形容词， well 副词，但指身体状况是形容词He is well again.53. quiet, silent, stillquiet 安静的，可以发出小的声音，silent不发出声音，但可以动，still 完全不动，完全无声响He stand there still.他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。54. hard, hardlyhard 努力，hardly 几乎不

18、work hard I canhardly believe it.55. almost, nearly14智胜科技二者均为 几乎 ,差不多 和否定词连用用almostalmost nobody56. late, latelylate 迟，晚， lately 最近，近来I haventseen him lately.57. living, alive, live, livelyliving, alive, live均为活着的， living 定表均可， alive 定表均可，定语后置，live 只能做定语， lively 意为活波的all the livingpeople=all the peo

19、ple alive58. excited, excitingexcited 使人兴奋的， exciting 令人兴奋的Im excited. The news is exciting.59. aloud, loudaloud 出声地，loud 大声地read aloud( 出15智胜科技声地读 )60. worth, worthy二者均为值得， worth 后接 doing ，worthy后接 to be done, of being doneIt is worth visiting. = Its worthy to be visited. = Its worthy of being visi

20、ted.61. bad, badlybad 形容词，badly 副词，不好，但与 need, want, require 连用为 很，非常 go bad I need the book badly.62. before long, long beforebeforelong 不久以后， long before 很久以前 not long before = before long 63. quite, ratherquite 完全地，相当于completely,rather16智胜科技修饰比较级quite impossible64. happy, gladhappy 高兴，幸福，定表均可， gl

21、ad 高兴，只能做表语a happy girl65. instead, instead ofinstead 是副词，放在句首或句末， insteadof 是介词短语，放在句中He didnt see a film. Instead he watched TV. He watched TV instead of seeing a film.66. too much, much tootoo much后接不可数名词，much too 后接形容词much too heavy67. raise, riseraise 及物动词， rise 不及物动词The sun17智胜科技rises in the e

22、ast.68. bring, take, carry, fetchbring 拿来， take 带走， carry 随身携带，fetch去回这一往返动作fetcha box ofchalk69. spend, take, pay, costspend 人做主语，花钱，花时间 ; spendonsth./in doing sth; take物做主语，花时间 ;pay 人做主语，花钱，pay for;cost 物做主语，花钱70. join, join in, take part injoin 加入某个组织，并成为其中的一员；join in 参加小型活动 , join sb. in ；take p

23、artin 参加大型的活动He joinedthe army five years ago.18智胜科技71. learn, studylearn 学习，侧重学习的结果， study 学习，侧重学习的过程，研究study the problem72. want, hope, wishwant 打算，想要，want to do, want sb. todo, hope 希望（通常可以实现） ，hope todo/hope thatwish 希望（通常不能实现） wish (sb.) to do, wish sb/sth. + n. I wish you success.73. discover,

24、 invent, find outdiscover 发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西， invent 发明本来不存在的物体，find out发现，查明At last he found outthe truth.19智胜科技74. answer, replyanswer 及物动词， reply 不及物动词，后接 to reply to the letter75. leave, leave forleave 离开， leave for 前往 He left Beijing for Shanghai.76. rob, stealrob 抢劫 rob sb. of sth. ，steal 偷 steal

25、 sth.from sb.77. shoot, shoot atshoot 射死， shootat 瞄准，但不一定射中 He shot the bird and it died.78. drop, falldrop 及物不及物均可， fall 不及物动词 Prices fell/dropped. He dropped his20智胜科技voice.79. search, search forsearch 后接地点，search for 后接东西 He searched his pocket for money.80. used to, be used toused to 过去常常， be us

26、ed to 习惯于，后接 sth./doing sth.；被用来，后接do sth.He is used to getting up early.81. win, lose, beatwin 后接 sth. ，反义词为 lose, beat 后接 sb. win the game, beat them82. live on, live bylive on 以 为主食， live by 靠 谋生 live on fish/ live by fishing83. beat, hit, strike21智胜科技beat 连续性地击打； hit 打中，对准打；strike 打一下或若干下 beat t

27、he wings 84. lose, misslose 失去（具体的物体），错过 sth. is lost, lose the chance ；miss 想念，错过 sth. is missing, miss the chance85. care about, care forcare about 关心，计较，在乎，一般多用于否定句中； care for 关心，照料，喜欢，愿意He doesnt care about his clothes. I dont care for movies.86. catch a cold, have a coldcatch a cold 不能和表示 一段时间

28、的状语连用，而have a cold 可以22智胜科技She has had a cold for a week.87. continue, last二者均为持续， continue 主动，被动均可，last只能用主动Thewarcontinued/lasted five years. The story is to be continued.88. feed, raisefeed 喂养，养活，饲养 (to give food to)，raise 饲养，养育 (cause to grow, bring up children)raise the family89. go for a docto

29、r , go to a doctorgo for a doctor去请医生， go to a doctor去看病90. notice, observe, catch sight of23智胜科技notice 注意到， observe 观察，仔细地看，catch sight of 突然看到 observe the stars 91. look, seem, appearlook 指从外表上看， seem 指内心的判断，appear 指给人以表面的印象 appear wise, look like his father92. gather , collectgather 把分散的东西集中到一起，c

30、ollect指精心地、有选择地进行收集collectstamps93. die from, die ofdie from 表示死于（枪）伤，虚弱，过度劳累，饮食过度等， die of 表示死于疾病，饥饿，寒冷，年老，忧愁，失恋等精神因素die of24智胜科技hunger and cold94. divide, separatedivide把一个整体分成几部分，separate把连在一起的个体分开divide the apple, separate the houses 95. arrive, get, reacharrive 不及物动词，后接 in ( 大地点 ) ，at( 小地点 ) ，g

31、et 不及物动词后接to ，reach 及物动词arrivein Beijing,getto Beijing,reachBeijing96. grow, plantgrow使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去， plant移植，移栽已经长成秧苗的植物25智胜科技plant the trees, trees are growing97. manage, trymanage to do设法做成了某事，try to do尽力去做某事但不一定成功He tried to pass the exam, but he failed.98. build, put up, set up, foundbuild

32、一般用语，建成，put up 临时搭建，set up 建成（内部的设施基本齐全），found 国家或组织的建成 put up a tent, set up a school99. be familiar to, be familiar withbe familiar to某物对某人来说是熟悉的，be familiar with某人熟悉某物The book is familiar tome. Im familiarwith the book.26智胜科技100. agree with, agree to, agree onagree with同意某人， agree to 同意某事，agree o

33、n 在 上达成一致意见，主语是复数 agree with you, agree to the plan101. throw to, throw atthrow to 扔到 , throw at 朝 扔 He throw a stone at me.102. receive, acceptreceive收到某一东西，但不一定接受，accept 接受 I received a gift, but I didnt accept it.103. wear, put on, dresswear 和 dress 表状态 ,wear 接衣服等 ,可用进行时， dress 接人 ,be dressed in,

34、 put on表动作27智胜科技Itscoldoutside.Putonyourwarmclothes.104. listen, hearlisten强调 动作， hear强调 结果Ilistened, but I heard nothing.105. look, see, watchlook 看的动作， see 看的结果， watch 强调所看物体的变化、 移动和发展watch TV106. lie, laylie 躺，位于 (lay, lain), 说谎 (lied, lied) ，lay 平放 (laid, laid) lay the book107. hurt, injure, wou

35、ndhurt感情上受伤，injure事故中受伤，wound 战争中受伤He was woundedinthe war .28智胜科技108. turn, get, growturn 表突变，后常接表颜色的词，get 强调变的结果， grow强调过程，逐渐的变化turn yellow, get tired, grow big 109. close, shut, turn offclose 和 shut 当关解时可以通用，用于可开合的物体， turnoff 用于指有开关的物体Close/Shut the door . Turn off the TV .110. begin, startbegin

36、侧重时间的开始，反义词为 end ， start 侧重由静到动的转折， 反义词为 stop Class begins at 7:30a.m.111. happen, take place29智胜科技happen偶然性的没有预料到的事情的发生， take place 必然性的发生Great changeshave takenplace in myhometown.112. at, in ( 表地点 )at 小地点， in 大地点 arrive at a small village, arrive in Shanghai 113. day after day, day by dayday afte

37、r day日复一日（无变化）；day byday 一天天地（有变化） Trees grow taller day by day.114. like, aslike 相似关系，但并不等同， as 同一关系，两者实为一体Dont treat me as a child. (In fact, Im a30智胜科技child.)115. after, in ( 表时间 )after 接时间点，in 接时间段after 7:00,in five minutes116. between, amongbetween 两者之间，三者或三者以上两两之间 , among 三者或三者以上之间Switzerlandl

38、iesbetweenFrance,Germany, Australia and Italy.117. after, behind ( 表位置 )after 强调次序的先后，behind强调物体静态位置的前后Thereare manytreesbehind the house.118. since, for ( 完成时间状语 )since 接点时间或一句话，for 接一段时间31智胜科技for three years, since 3:00119. on the corner, in the corner, at the corneron thecorner物体表面的角上，in thecorne

39、r 物体内部的角落里，at the corner物体外部的角落上 （拐角处）on the corner of the table120. on earth, on the earth, in the earthon earth 在世上，在人间，到底，究竟，一点也不， on the earth在地上，在地球上，in the earth在地下，在泥土里no use onearth121. insurprise,toonessurprise,bysurprise32智胜科技in surprise 惊奇地， to ones surprise使某人吃惊的是， by surprise 使 惊慌The qu

40、estion took the professor by surprise.122. in the market, on the marketin the market 表示场所或地点， 在市场上，on the market出售Hesellsfishinthemarket.Freshvegetables are on the market now.123. through, acrossthrough 穿越空间， across 在 上穿过 through the forest, across the desert 124. on the way, in the wayon the way在前往

41、 的路上， in the way挡路 The chair is in the way.33智胜科技125. above, on, overabove 在上面，不接触， on 在上面，接触， over 在正上方fly over the hill126. until, notuntiluntil 到 为止，notuntil直到 才（常跟点动词连用） I waited until 3:00.He didnt come until 3:00.127. besides, except, except forbesides 除了 还（包括在内） except除了（不包括在内） ，exceptfor整体 除

42、了某一点以外Thecompositionis goodexceptfora fewspelling mistakes.128. whether , if当是否解时，只有在宾语从句中二者可以34智胜科技互换，其余都用whether ，当如果解时用if I dont know if/whether he will come. Ifhe comes, Ill let you know.129. and, orand 并且， or 或者，否则，常用于否定句中 I dont like apples or bananas.Hurry up and youll catch the bus. Hurry up or youll miss the bus.130. because, since, as, for原因由强到弱为：because, since/as, for.在句中的位 置如下： 1)because2)Since/as,3) , for Since I was ill, I didnt go.131. when, as, while (表时间 )when 从句动词点动词， 持续性动词均可，35智胜科技as 重在表示动作同时发生，伴随进行，while从句动词为持续性动词WhileIslept, a thief broke in.132. the sameas, the sameth