高三英语专项校公开课_阅读理解猜测词义PPT课件

1、Welcome to our class! Class 5 Senior 3 How do you deal with the new words or phrases that you meet while reading? Ignore them and continue reading Look them up in the dictionary Guess the meaning 词义猜测题常见的考查形式： 1) What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph? / What does the underlined

2、 word mean? 2) The phrase “” in the sentence could be replaced by _. 3) The word “” in the paragraph refers to _. 4) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase”? 5) By saying “” in the first (second) paragraph, the author means that _. 6) What do you think the expression “” stand

3、 for? 考查方向：考查方向： 1.熟词新意，即熟悉词汇的陌生含义；熟词新意，即熟悉词汇的陌生含义； 2.复合词的含义的理解，对于衍生词汇的理解能力；复合词的含义的理解，对于衍生词汇的理解能力； 3.根据上下文对代词的指代含义的理解能力；根据上下文对代词的指代含义的理解能力； 4.根据上下文对不认识单词的词义判断能力；根据上下文对不认识单词的词义判断能力； 5.对谚语、俗语、俚语含义的理解能力；对谚语、俗语、俚语含义的理解能力； 6.通过近义词、反义词和常识理解词汇的能力。通过近义词、反义词和常识理解词汇的能力。 高考英语阅读策略 之猜测词义 猜测词义是英语阅读的一种重要技巧，也是高考中常考

4、的题型， 是考查学生对文章上下文语境理解及词汇量等多方面综合能力。 Example 1 1. Anthropology is the scientific study of mankind.词义：_ 2.The term jam constitutes a state in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation. 词义：_ 人类学 Skill 1： 通过定义或解释来猜测 定义常由定语从句或be called，be known as, be defined as， constitute，refer to等

5、词汇或破折号，冒号，括号来引导。解释常由 or, that is (to say), in other words，to put it another way引 出 一些具体的解释性的短语。 困境 Practice1: You should never put a cotton swab or other object into the ear canal. But you can use a swab or cloth to clean the outer part of the ear. The experts agree with the old saying that you shou

6、ld never put anything smaller than your elbow in your ear. What does a “swab” mostly probably mean?_ A.something soft, small and used in clinics B. something hard, long and used at home C. something thin, wet and like an elbow D. something safe, big and like a toy Example 2 Skill 2： 通过举例进行猜测 常用such

7、as, like， for example, for instance等引出例子。 1.You may borrow from the library any periodicals: The World of English, English Square, Crazy English , English Learning. 词义：词义：_ 2. Collins decided that she must go, although the hazards of the trip were many, for example, the unbearable heat, the possibil

8、ity of getting lost 词义：词义：_ 期刊 危险 Practice2: I left university with a good degree in English Literature, but no sense of what I wanted to do. Over the next six years, I was treading water, just trying to earn an income. I tried journalism, but I didnt think I was any good, then finance, which I hate

9、d. Finally, I got a job as a rights assistant at a famous publisher. I loved working with books, although the job that I did was dull. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean? A.I was waiting for good fortune. B. I was trying to find an admirable job. C. I was being aimless about a suitabl

10、e job. D. I was doing several jobs for more pay at a time. Example3 Skill ： 通过同义或反义关系进行猜测 表示对比或转折的常见信息词有：but，yet，however，while，on the other hand，on the contrary，in contrast ，in spite of，instead等，有时也用破折号或冒号表示对比。表示同义的常见信息词有：or, like, similarly等 1.Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His

11、brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest. 词义：词义：_ 2. Mr. Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious. 词义：词义：_ 傲慢的 爱说话的 Pracitce3: Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice. The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital, Addis Ababa, is a replic

12、a while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom. (2012全国II) What does the words “a replica” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. A painting of the skeleton. B. A photograph of Lucy C. A copy of the skeleton. D. A written record of Lucy. C Example4 Skill 4： 通过因果关系进行猜测 表示因果关系的信息词有：since, as,

13、because, for, so, thus, consequently, therefore, due to, result in, for this reason, so /such that等。 1.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. 词义：词义：_ (2) Hes such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade. 词义：词义：_ 巨大的 精明的 Practice4 Whe

14、n some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it come on the market in a dark blue and white package-blue because we think of it as safe, and white as calm. The und

15、erlined part “the colours turned the customers off ” means that the colours . A.attracted the customers strongly B. had weak effects on the customers C. tricked the customers into shopping D. caused the customers to lose interest Example 5 Sharks are among the few animals in the world that almost ne

16、ver get cancer and eye cataracts. Understanding why can help us improve human health. Chemicals extracted from shark cartilage have killed cancerous tumors in laboratory animals, a research that someday could help prolong your life. The underlined word “prolong” in the paragraph means _. A. save B.

17、protect C. lengthen D. improve C 构词法构词法 合成 有两个或更多的词合成一个词 派生 在词根上加上前、后缀构成另一个单词 转化 将一种词性转化成另一种词性 pathway everyday riverside extraordinary maturity frustration antiwar place free value comb Skill 5： We have been told that encouraging a childs self-respect is important to his or her success in life. But

18、 child experts are now learning that too much praise can lead to the opposite effect. Praiseholic kids who expect it may suffer from depression when they are faced with troublesome situation The underlined words “Praiseholic kids” refers to kids who are _. A. tired of being praised B. worthy of bein

19、g praised C. very proud of being praised D. extremely fond of being praised Practice5: D Example 6 ISS crewmembers usually live in space for at least a quarter of a year. They work five days on and two days off to mimic the normal way they do things on Earth as much as possible. Weekends give the cr

20、ew valuable time to rest and do a few hours of housework. They can communicate with family and friends by email, internet phone and through private video conferences. What does the word mimicin Paragraph 1 probably mean?_ A. find B. copy C. change D. lose B Skill 6：生活常识：利用文化背景、生活常识猜测词义。读者可以运用逻 辑推理能力

21、，结合社会文化背景和自身的生活经验及生活常识，再根据上下 文推测生词的含义。 Practice 6: When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him. What does the word “ anaestheticin Paragraph 1 probably

22、 mean?_ A. A kind of books B. A piece of advice C. A kind of medicine D. A kind of animals C 解题方法 定义解释法 举例法 同义词、反义词和对比关 系法 因果关系法 构词法 上下文语境 法 转换 派生 合成 生活常识 Its time to use what you learn. You are expected to guess the meaning of the underlined part; You have three types of exercises to choose from. A

23、nd each group can only have one chance ,if give up or answer wrong ,other group can get the chance. You can discuss with your partners; Just stand up and take the floor! To be active! Whichever group gets the highest score shall obtain secret gifts after class! A AB B C C Chinas swimming star, Sun Y

24、ang, has been banned from more competitions, training, commercial and social activities as a member of Chinas national team by the sports Chinese governing body. This means the four- time Olympic medalist is suspended from domestic and international races. Sun Yang was detained on Monday by police f

25、or driving without a license, after a bus rear-ended his Porsche SUV in his home town Sun Yang is serving a seven-day jail sentence, and was fined 2,000 Yuan. Zhejiang College of Sports, where Sun trained with his team, has announced that hes been barred from practicing and competing, and been banne

26、d from doing any commercial activities until his suspension is lifted. 拘留，扣留 禁止（做） Regions shrouded in heavy smog over the past week are lifting their hazardous weather alerts as a new cold front drives the pollution away Cities in northern China have seen clear blue skies again on Sunday. The centr

27、al meteorological bureau has now lifted its nationwide double alert for haze and fog although Shanghai remained hazy on Monday morning, and the citys weather center said it was more a result of moist fog rather than the hazardous fine particles in smog. 危险的 解除 Smog in other regions is also expected

28、to disperse as cold air accompanied by wind arrives late Monday or Tuesday. Since the start of December, large parts of China have seen smoggy weather which has led to closures of highways and school as well as flight delays. 分散；散开 I was never one to patiently pick up broken and glue them together,

29、then tell myself that the mended whole was as good as new. What is broken is brokenand Id rather remember it as it was at its best than mend it and see the broken places as long as I lived. 碎片 Do you think, because I am poor,humble,plain and little, I am and heartless? You think wrong! I have as muc

30、h soul as you and full as much heart! And if God had gifted me with some beauty and much wealth. I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, nor even of mortal flesh, it is my spirit that your spirit,

31、just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at Gods feet, equal-as we are! 对.讲话 Mr. Darcy: I love you. Most heartily. Please do me the honor of accepting my hand. Elizabeth: Sir, I appreciate the struggle you have been through, and I am very sorry to have caused you pain. Believe me,

32、it was unconsciously done. Mr. Darcy: Is this your reply? Elizabeth: Yes, sir. Mr. Darcy: Are you. are you laughing at me? Elizabeth : No. Mr. Darcy: Are you rejecting me? Elizabeth : Im sure that the feelings will help you in overcoming it. Mr. Darcy: Might I ask why, with such effort to be civiliz

33、ed, I am thus repulsed? Elizabeth : And I might as well enquire why, with so evident a design of insulting me, you chose to tell me that you liked me or against your better judgment. 拒绝 1. Sparrow failed to grow for another two years, until a new CEO decided to build up its market share. He did a su

34、rvey, which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other fast-food chains were unwilling to turn away from them. Sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign. （2013山东） What does the underlined word “them” in Paragra

35、ph 2 refer to? A. Customers of Sparrow restaurants B. Sparrow restaurants C. Customers of other fast-food chains D. Other fast-food chains D 2. Twains racial tone was not perfect. One is left uneasy, for example, by the lengthy passage in his autobiography (自传) about how much he loved what were call

36、ed “nigger shows” in his youthmostly with white men performing in black-faceand his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them. Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality. His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.

37、(13江苏） What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 7 refer to? A. The attacks. B. Slavery and prejudice. C. White men. D. The shows. D 3. A child of the Depression (大萧条), Sheila was raised in Brooklyn by parents who considered education a luxury for girls. Starting with her college education,

38、she has fought for everything shes ever accomplished. Perri, on the other hand, grew up privileged in the New Jersey suburbs of the 1960s and 1970s. For Sheila, wasting time or money is a crime, and luxury is unthinkable while Perri enjoys the occasional small luxury, but has not been successful at

39、trying to persuade her mother into enjoying even the tiniest thing she likes.（2013湖南） The word “luxury” in Paragraph 3 means _. A. something rare but not pleasant B. something that cannot be imagined C. something expensive but not necessary D. something that can only be enjoyed by boy c 解题方法 定义解释法 举

40、例法 同义词、反义词和对比关 系法 因果关系法 构词法 上下文语境 法 转换 派生 合成 生活常识 Unfamiliar words are just like setbacks in our life. You can choose to ignore it or turn to others for help, but most of time you will have to overcome it on your own. No matter what difficulty you come across in your life, remember that as long as y

41、ou dont lose heart, you are sure to find a way out. Enjoy English, Enjoy life! Homework 1.Go over the ideas we talk about today 2. Dont forget to share your opinions on the answers with your group members if you have different choices! 3. Consult the teacher, your classmates or reference books if yo

42、u still have any questions on todays topic. Practice2: I left university with a good degree in English Literature, but no sense of what I wanted to do. Over the next six years, I was treading water, just trying to earn an income. I tried journalism, but I didnt think I was any good, then finance, wh

43、ich I hated. Finally, I got a job as a rights assistant at a famous publisher. I loved working with books, although the job that I did was dull. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean? A.I was waiting for good fortune. B. I was trying to find an admirable job. C. I was being aimless about a suitable job. D. I