上海高考英语新题型之概要写作(Summary

1、高考英语新题型之概要写作澄衷高级中学吉从2017年起，英语高考试卷的题型将面临许多调整，其中之一便是增加了 概要写作（Sununaiy writing）,也有许多人将之称为“小作文”。概要写作分值占 据15分，考查的是考生阅读和写作的综合能力。概要写作所给定的语篇一般在200-250字，容丰富多样，包含故事、时政、 科普等，体裁以记叙文、说明文为主，字数一般要求在5060字，答案尽量符合 uKey points of a summary、的要求。一.正确认识概要写作1. Definition of summary writing （概要写作的定义）By summary, we mean a b

2、rief restatement, in your own words, of the content of a passage, an article, a chapter or a book2. Key points of a summary （概要写作的要点）Conciseness （简要性）：Oniit umiecessaiy details like examples, explanations and other unimportant iiifonnationLength: 1/4-1/3 of the original text.Completeness （完整性）:To in

3、clude all the main and supporting points delivered ill you own words in a condensed maimer.Accuracy （准确性）：To give the same attention and stiess to the points as the author doesCoherence （连贯性）：Rather than an outline listed as key words and phrases、a sununaiy is a paragraph with necessaiy transitions

4、and function stmctures to make it flow.Objectivity （客观性）：Do not include your own ideas or emotions oil the topic. Tlie sununaiy should reflect the content of the original passage only.3. Steps to write a sununaiy （概要写作的步骤）1）Skim the text to find out the general theme.2）Analyze the texts stmctiire to

5、 divide it into seveial sections, find out the main idea of each section and write it out bnefly with your own words（one sentence）3）Write down the key supporting points for each main idea without involving minor details4）Organize the main and related supporting points in a logical order with necessa

6、iy tiansitions to acliieve coherence5）Proofread for grammatical, spelling and punctuation mistakes.4. Beginning of a summaiy （概要写作的开头）Begin your summary with:*Tlie authors name*Tlie articled or chapter name*Tlie author thesis statementa general ovei*viuw（survey） of the article The Bodv:First of all,

7、 the author describesHe then points out thatIn addition、the author talks aboutFinally the author suggestsSome other introductoiy phrases:*(Tlie author) states in (this article) that. *(Tlie author), in (tliis article) shows that *Iii (this article), (the author) writes that *As (the author) says in

8、(this article), *Tlie main idea of (the author article) is.*Tlie author believes (holds; maintains; claims; argues; points out; suggests; proposes) that + clause,.*Tlie author talks about (explains; describes; reveals; discusses; focuses on) + n.二 记叙文概要写作要点点拨记叙文体的阅读材恋，”相比其他文体而言，写概要相对容易。在写概要前， 除明确文章主

9、题外，还应抓住六个要素:when,where,who,what,why,liowo在这 六个要素中，所占容比重最大的是what。一般来说，记叙文的故事概要可以用这 样的模板来表示：Who did what by.because.当然，不是说每个故事概要都包含how或why,有时两者选其一即可。下文 是课堂训练的一个例子：Directions: Please read the following passage and write a suinmaiy of it in no more than 60 wordsI took a tiip to a big lake in Indonesia w

10、ith my family two years ago. It was really a huge lake with beautiful sceneiy all around. People were amazed by the endless view ill front of our eyes. Later on, unlike other girls, I vohmteered to go water-skiing alone. I put on the life jacket, got on the motorboat immediately and started my engin

11、e as soon as possibleThe lake seemed broad and endless I was so thrilled(激动)to enjoy my trip among the mountains and waters that I sped my motorboat. Then, after some time, I found myself ill the middle of the endless lake. A sudden fear came around me. I didnt know where I was or e-en how far I had

12、 gone from the shore Wliat was worse, it began to rain and it became vury cold and foggy. I rode eA-eiywliere but couldnt find my way back It was useless for me to ciy or shout for help I was so temfied that I began to think about all kinds of liomble tilings. After floating on the water helplessly

13、and hopelessly for a long time, suddenly I heard someone calling my name Soon, a big steamboat sailed to me and they pulled me up to the deck and asked me if I was hurt. I couldn,t say a word but cried in my father aims.材料分析：根据文本容，这是一篇故事类的记叙文，要求对其进行概要写作。因 此，我们先找出记叙文的六要素：Whentwo years agoWherea tnp t

14、o a big lake in IndonesiaWhoT； the writerWliatgot lost; was foundWhygo water-skiing alone; too tlmlledResultfather came to her rescue列出了要点之后，我们就可以用自己的话将要点组织起来，概括成一段约50 词的通顺概要：The passage tells us the writer experience of adventure Once the writer was on a trip to a lake where she went water-skiing a

15、lone She was so excited and enjoyed herself that soon she got lost. Foitimately, her father filially came to her rescue. （44 words ）三.说明文概要写作要点点拨 说明文体的阅读材料容大致可以分为以下儿类： 现象揭示类：Tlie article points out the common phenomenon（主题），which（补充解释） 利弊对比类：Tlie article compares the disad-antages/benefits of A and

16、B. A. while B Tlie passage discusses the impact of sthOil the positive side., but it may also 研究显示类：Tlie study reveals that.Tlie purpose of the report is to show that. 下文是课堂训练的一个例子：Directions: Please read the following passage and write a suinmaiy of it in no more than 60 wordsA large source of nibb

17、ish is packaging material. It often makes up more than 30 percent of the total. To undeistand why this is tme, think of the packaging commonly used for a simple product, such as toothpaste. The packaging includes not only the tube for the toothpaste, but also the box for the tube. Tliis box is put i

18、nto a plastic wrapper. Tlien, the boxes are transported in a cardboard container.Most packaging material ends up ill a landfill after it is thrown away. Though necessaiy, landfills take up valuable space, often stink （发出恶臭），and can leak harmful substances into the soil. Landfills not included, the p

19、roduction of packaging matenal itself is a major source of air and water pollutionPeople are now tiying to solve the problems caused by packaging materials. In 1991, Gennaiiy took the lead by requiiiiig companies to recycle the packaging used for theii goods To do tliis, the companies set up recycli

20、ng bins in every neighborhood. Consumers now separate their nibbish into tliiee categoriesmetal, plastic and paper cartons Tliey then put it into the appropriate bin. The nibbish sorted, it is transported to a recycling company for processingThe programme worked well at first. However, the amount of

21、 nibbish has begun to increase again Oiw reason for this is that many consumers no longer reduce waste because they think the problem is solved. It seems that to properly deal with the problem of rubbish, everyone must remain alert and do their part 材料分析：根据文本容，这是一篇讲包装材料所带来的问题的说明文，要求对其 进行概要写作。因此，我们必须

22、首先弄清每一段落的主要容是什么。第段开头第句话A large source of mbbish is packaging material. It often makes up more than 30 percent of the total.是段落的中心句，同时也点明了文章的 主题，后面就在以牙膏为例进行举例说明。第二段主要讲的是包装材料所带来的 问题，主要包括两方面，一是垃圾进入填埋场后所造成的污染；二是这些包装材 料在生产过程中会产生对空气和水的污染。第三段主要在讲人们正在采取措施解 决包装材料所带来的问题，其中第一句People are now trying to solve the

23、 problems caused by packaging materials.”是段落的中心句,后面就在用徳国的事情举例说明, 政府、制造商和个人采取的措施试图解决包装材料带来的污染问题。第四段开头 的however至关重要，说明徳国的方法尽管起到了一定的作用，但包装材料的污 染仍然是一个大问题，我们绝不能放松警惕。弄清了每段的主要容后，我们就按照概要写作的儿个原则对其进行连接，在 连接段落时需要添加必要的连接词使其通顺连贯即可：The article points out the problem of packaging. About one tliird of mbbish result

24、s from the packaging materials, which cause damage to the 己nvironnwnt dunng their production and after ending in landfills. Though the progiams earned out to combat the problem are temporanly successful, the problem remains a gieat concern(50 words)四.小试牛刀Read the following paragraphs and use one sen

25、tence or phrase to write the summary of each paragraph.1. Ail Iowa high school counselor gets a call from a parent protesting the C” her child received on an assignment “The parent argued every point in the essay,n recalls the counselor, who soon realized why the mother was so disappointed about the

26、 giadeIt became apparent that shed written it.2. Ill a survey, 90% of new teachers agieed that involving parents in their childien education is a priority at thek school but only 25% described their experience working with parents as Veiy satisfying. When asked to choose the biggest challenge they f

27、ace, 31%of them quoted involving parents aiid conmiunicating with them as their top choice. 73% of new teachers said too many parents treat schools and teachers as enemies3. At a time when competition is rising and resources are limited, when battles over testing force schools to adjust their priorities, when cell phone and speed up the iiifonnation flow and all kinds of private ghosts and public quanels slip into the pareiit- te