翻译的归化与异化课件

1、翻译的归化与异化1 第四讲： 翻译中的归化与异化 翻译的归化与异化2 A degree or major in English is simply a tool, not a set of rules. There are no black-and-white lines carved in stone to limit an English Major graduate with an open mind. Ive taught English in an international curriculum, written short stories and a screenplay tre

2、atment, worked as an environmental journalist, and published articles online. Each opportunity taught me something and expanded my world a little more while giving me the chance to realize my potential and skills. With the abundance of jobs for English Majors, theres only one factor to limit a perso

3、n: himself or herself. 翻译的归化与异化3 学习英语专业或者拿到英语专业的学位是 一种工具，不是一堆法则。并没有明确的 规定限制英语专业的毕业生要做什么。我 曾经在一门国际课程里教授英语，写过短 篇故事和电影剧本，做过环境专题记者， 在网上发表过文章。每个机会都教会我一 些东西，扩展了我的视野，让我意识到我 的潜力和能力。 在英语专业就业的各种职 业当中，只有一项限制因素：那就是就业 者自己。 翻译的归化与异化4 一、归化与异化 异化和归化是在1995年由美国翻译理论家劳伦斯韦努 蒂（Lawrence Venuti）在译者的隐形（The Translators Invis

4、ibility）一书中提出来的。从历史上 看，异化和归化可以视为直译和意译的概念延伸，但又 不完全等同于直译和意译。直译和意译所关注的核心问 题是如何在语言层面处理形式和意义，而异化和归化则 突破了语言因素的局限，将视野扩展到语言、文化和美 学等因素。按韦努蒂（Venuti）的说法，归化法是“把 原作者带入译入语文化”，而异化法则是“接受外语文 本的语言及文化差异，把读者带入外国情景”。 （Venuti，1995:20）由此可见，直译和意译主要是局 限于语言层面的价值取向，异化和归化则是立足于文化 大语境下的价值取向，两者之间的差异是显而易见的， 不能混为一谈。 翻译的归化与异化5 归化与异化

5、 归化、异化的概念 归化（domestication）是指在翻译中采用透明、流畅的 风格，最大限度地淡化原文的陌生感的翻译策略 （Shuttleworth she belonged to the red acres far more than they could ever belonged to her. (M. Mitchell: Gone with the Wind, P20) 译文：她不会放弃塔拉；她属于这些红土地，远比 它们属于她更加真实。 上述的译文是按照原文的句法结构把far more than译成“远比它们属于她更加真实”，语言 表达较生硬，意思不明确，让读者难理解。因此， 用

6、归化法将其译成这样，似乎更合适：她不能放 弃塔拉，这块红土地是属于她的，而她更是永远 属于这块红土地。 翻译的归化与异化13 归化还是异化？ 3）Spring, the sweet spring, is the years pleasant king.- T. Nash. 春，甘美之春，一年之中的尧舜。-郭沫若 原诗中的king是一般说法，没有任何特殊的文化色 彩，可是一旦变成了中国古代和太平盛世代名词 “尧舜”，就染上了强烈的汉民族色彩。 翻译的归化与异化14 归化还是异化？ 4 4）Curiosity enough, he prophesied with Curiosity enough,

7、 he prophesied with oracular accuracy to the amazement of all.oracular accuracy to the amazement of all. 说也奇怪，他像诸葛亮一样，料事如神，大家都说也奇怪，他像诸葛亮一样，料事如神，大家都 惊讶不止。惊讶不止。 “oracularoracular”的名词形式是的名词形式是”oracleoracle”，在希腊神话，在希腊神话 中指中指“神示、神启神示、神启”。这个译文中使用。这个译文中使用“诸葛诸葛 亮亮”的人物典故太随意。的人物典故太随意。 说也奇怪，他料事真准，像神启一样应验，让所说也奇

8、怪，他料事真准，像神启一样应验，让所 有的人都惊讶不止。有的人都惊讶不止。 翻译的归化与异化15 在翻译中正确的做法 坚持“和而不同”（孔子语）的原则。 “和”是为了不造成译语读者误解和费解， “不同”就是要尽量保持原文有代表性差异 特征。 为了保留原文代表性差异，采用“直译夹注”、 “直译加注”的方法。 如果异化可能造成译语读者的误解，为了在深 层语义或语用意义对等，不妨采用归化的处 理。 翻译的归化与异化16 归化、异化举例 YouYouve got to have faith up your ve got to have faith up your sleeve, otherwise y

9、ou wonsleeve, otherwise you wont succeed.t succeed. 你必须袖里藏有自信，否则你不会成功。你必须袖里藏有自信，否则你不会成功。 （ ） 你必须有锦囊妙计，否则你不会成功。你必须有锦囊妙计，否则你不会成功。 （ ） 你必须心中充满自信，否则你不会成功的。你必须心中充满自信，否则你不会成功的。 （ ） 翻译的归化与异化17 归化举例： As timid as a hare(兔）胆小如鼠 At a stones throw一箭之遥 Wet like a drown rat湿如落汤鸡 As stupid as a goose蠢得像猪 As stubbo

10、rn as a mule（骡、马）犟得像牛 Seek a hare in a hens nest缘木求鱼 As dumb as a oyster守口如瓶 翻译的归化与异化18 归化举例： Lead a dogLead a dogs lifes life过着牛马一样的生活过着牛马一样的生活 Cry up wine and sell vinegarCry up wine and sell vinegar 挂羊头，卖狗肉挂羊头，卖狗肉 Put back the clockPut back the clock开倒车开倒车 Talk houseTalk house吹牛吹牛 Kill the goose

11、that lays the golden eggsKill the goose that lays the golden eggs 杀鸡取卵杀鸡取卵 Drink like a fishDrink like a fish牛饮牛饮 Once the wife of a parson, always the wife of Once the wife of a parson, always the wife of a parsona parson嫁鸡随鸡，嫁狗随狗。嫁鸡随鸡，嫁狗随狗。 翻译的归化与异化19 异化举例： Lin YutangLin Yutangs s translation of S

12、ix translation of Six Chapters of a Chapters of a Floating life(Floating life(浮生六浮生六 记）记） 翻译的归化与异化20 异化举例： 其形削肩长颈，瘦不露骨，眉弯目秀，顾盼神飞，其形削肩长颈，瘦不露骨，眉弯目秀，顾盼神飞， 唯两齿微露，似非佳相。唯两齿微露，似非佳相。 Of a slender figure, she had drooping Of a slender figure, she had drooping shoulders and a rather long neck, slim but should

13、ers and a rather long neck, slim but to the point of being skinny. Her eyebrows to the point of being skinny. Her eyebrows were arched and in her eyes there was a were arched and in her eyes there was a look of quick intelligence and soft look of quick intelligence and soft refinement. The only defe

14、ct was that her refinement. The only defect was that her two front teeth were slightly inclined two front teeth were slightly inclined forward, which was not a mark of good forward, which was not a mark of good omen.( foreignization)omen.( foreignization) 翻译的归化与异化21 归化举例： 又在扬州商家见有虞山游客携送黄杨翠柏各一盆，又在扬州商

15、家见有虞山游客携送黄杨翠柏各一盆， 惜乎惜乎明珠暗投明珠暗投。 Once I also saw at the home of a merchant Once I also saw at the home of a merchant at Yangchou two pots, one of boxwood at Yangchou two pots, one of boxwood and one of cypress, presented to him by a and one of cypress, presented to him by a friend from Yushan, but th

16、is was like friend from Yushan, but this was like casting pearls before casting pearls before swine.(domestication)swine.(domestication) Casting pearls before swine means valuable Casting pearls before swine means valuable things given to people who do not things given to people who do not appreciat

17、e them.appreciate them. 翻译的归化与异化22 异化举例： 余曰余曰“卿果中道相舍，断无再续之理。况卿果中道相舍，断无再续之理。况曾曾 经沧海难为水，除却巫山不是云经沧海难为水，除却巫山不是云耳耳“！ ”Even if you should leave me half-way Even if you should leave me half-way like this,like this,” I said, I said, “I shall never marry I shall never marry again. Besides, it is difficult to

18、 be again. Besides, it is difficult to be water for one who has seen the great water for one who has seen the great seas, and difficult to be clouds for one seas, and difficult to be clouds for one who has seen the Yangtze who has seen the Yangtze Gorges.Gorges.”(foreignization)(foreignization) 翻译的归

19、化与异化23 归化VS异化： The English idiom The English idiom “Better be the head Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion.of a dog than the tail of a lion.” 宁当狗头，不当狮尾。宁当狗头，不当狮尾。 Chinese idiomChinese idiom 宁为鸡头，勿为凤尾。宁为鸡头，勿为凤尾。 翻译的归化与异化24 宝钗笑道：“不用问，狗嘴里还有象牙不 成！”（曹雪芹，红楼梦） “I dont have to ask,” retorted

20、 Pao- chaff. “One doesnt expect ivory from a dogs mouth.”(trans, Yang) English idiom “what can you expect from a pig but a grunt?” 翻译的归化与异化25 归化VS异化 “他一家在这儿，他房子、地在这儿，他跑？跑 得了和尚跑不了庙。” “Escape? But his home and property cant escape. The monk may run away, but the temple cant run with him.” It is better

21、 to retain the religious terms though it may cause some temporary difficulties for the TL readers. 翻译的归化与异化26 Foreignization or Domestication Chinese translators duty: maintaining the uniqueness of Chinese culture, publicizing Chinese culture, a weaker culture in the world. The strategies adopted in

22、 translation: Taking foreignization as a primary translation approach and domestication as an auxiliary one. 翻译的归化与异化27 将下面的段落译成英文： 中国的基础教育主要由地方政府负责。由于地方政中国的基础教育主要由地方政府负责。由于地方政 府和公众的努力，基础教育的支持和管理体系已经府和公众的努力，基础教育的支持和管理体系已经 有了很大的提高，这推动了中国义务教育的发展。有了很大的提高，这推动了中国义务教育的发展。 同时，高等教育领域的产，学，研已经结合，使得同时，高等教育领域的产

23、，学，研已经结合，使得 教育，经济，科学技术之间的联系更加密切。高等教育，经济，科学技术之间的联系更加密切。高等 教育机构的管理制度和教育服务制度改革也取得了教育机构的管理制度和教育服务制度改革也取得了 长足的进展。长足的进展。 翻译的归化与异化28 翻译的归化与异化29 练习练习：将下列汉语成语译成英语 1 打下锦州就等于关上了东北的大门，东北蒋 军就成为瓮中之鳖。 2 把个赵寡妇在屏风后急得像热锅上的蚂蚁一 样。 3 我像井底之蛙把世界看成一个池水那么大。 4 她步入院中，鸦雀无闻。 5 比一比就比一比，但谁也不能打退堂鼓。 6 金龙来找他。他知道这是黄鼠狼給鸡拜年， 没安好心。 7 他本人是泥菩萨过河，自身难保。 翻译