新祥旭对外经贸大学英语学院考研辅导资料-阅读理解

1、新祥旭对外经贸大学考研专业课辅导班- 英语学院-小班一对一新祥旭对外经贸大学英语学院考研辅导资料-阅读理解阅读理解大致可以分为三个阶段1) 基础阶段扫清基本的单词障碍，了解并能快速准确地判断月度文章的结构类型，掌握正确的阅读步骤（读原文标记定位），熟悉考点，出题点2）提高阶段通过对一些文章的整体，限时联系，熟悉并完善自己的阅读方法，做到有详有略的阅读原文，用最简捷的方式做最完全的标记，并快速准确地定位题目，熟练掌握原文和正确答案之间的精确对应。3）巩固阶段严格卡时间做题，分析并集中力量攻克自己的弱点，学会在规定的时间内做最多对的题目。积累如果能在每次做完阅读理解后，

2、花5-10分钟，把自己认为最重要的或者疑难生词进行识记，积累。长期积累下来，会有巨大收获。杂志推荐： economist news week 坚持阅读，另外最后两个月，或者越靠近考试时候的期刊越要读。阅读理解1. 在基础英语和综合英语中，所占分值，最多，基本上都是四篇阅读理解。2. 阅读理解经典题型：排序题 （基本上从2000年一直都保留）3. 常见的阅读理解题型（类似于专业八级）4. 填空式的阅读理解 （考察快速定位和概括综合的能力）5. 内容涉及人文，经贸,历史阅读理解“忌”：1 忌读原文详略不分读原文详略得当其实很难。首先，你要知道什么值得详细阅读，什么可以略读，也就是知道什么是重点；其

3、次，你要通过练习领悟详略的深浅，详细读的要用怎么样的速度读，对句子要理解到什么程度，略读的要读多浅，要省略什么。如果详略不分，结果就是导致自己对读不懂的部分多下功夫，对句子相对简单，生词响度较少的部分快速阅读，可是却没有找到考点。克服这一点：1） 和文章结构框架相关的内容2） 常见的考点最好的方法是：对自己阅读过的文章，进行重点总结，做完题目以后，回顾一下文章原文，根据我们罗列的考点和所出的题目一一勾出重点，并勾出重点的特征词，作为对自己进行继续教育的材料，积少成多，慢慢养成习惯。2.忌不做标记做标记就是用自己最熟悉的简洁的符号记录下文章里一些重点的内容。平时练习做标记其实就是在搭建一座桥梁，

4、一座原文和考题间的桥梁，便于自己查找。在阅读速度过快，大脑容量盛不下那么udo重点的时候，用笔帮助记忆，即便有些重点在阅读的时候没来得及理解和消化，当题目考到，定位回来，也会增快速度。3. 忌不对考题进行原文定位，凭印象，常识做题做题时，很容易加入自己的感性的认识和理解，不知不觉中对原有知识进行加工和推理，这样就陷入陷阱。实际上，是应该找原文的叙述，定位对应，找到答案。4. 忌通过进行主观的推理来判断正误这个是极易犯错的地方。贸大出题仿照gre和托福。英语是线性思维，而汉语是树型思维。这个是英语和汉语差别，也体现在思维上，中国人很容易犯此种错误。阅读理解应引起注意的词汇alternative

5、n 二种择一；可供选择的方法，事物通常是作者提出了另外一种解释，这个新提出的解释和上文刚论述股的解释应该解释同一个对象，对这个新解释的评价是读者看到这个此后应该进一步关注的重点eg: the alternative explanation supposes thatambivalence n. 正方感情并存， 矛盾simultaneous and contradictory attitudes or feelings (as attraction and repulsion) toward an object, person, or action该词表达了对同一个事物，人，行为同时并存的正反两

6、种态度，比如既被吸引的同时又有排斥它的情绪。在阅读文章时，常用于形容对某事物的复杂态度，即正负的态度并存。compare 比较，相比，比喻通常表达两个事物之间的相似性和不同点的比较，有时候着重强调相似之处contrast (常与to 连用),对照，对比，反差，差异通常表达强调事物之间的差异注意compare 和contrast 的用法差异controversy 争论，辩论，争议a discussion marked especially by the expression of opposing views, dispute该单词常用以引出对立的观点，即不同人对同一事物的不同观点，这个词存在观

7、点对立的文章常见。counterpart 副本，极其相似的人或物，配对物counter-前缀，很容易猜测的这个词的含义是对比物实际上，这个词来表示比较，对照的对应物，在对照的同时有相似的含义。二连词的作用和注意事项首先，连接词在英语中广泛使用，要远远多于汉语连接词的使用。其次，连接词在英语中，顾名思义，是使一个文章或一个段落砌成转合的关键的。常用的连接词可以分为以下几类：1. 顺接连词： and, in addition, moreover, furthermore对于论文而言：第一， 前后的论点是不变的，氮论据上有了一个延伸。我们可以根据前后句子，表明作者的态度是一致的2. 转折词： but

8、, yet, however出现这些转折词，并不一定有真的转折意味。比较有价值的位置是：第一， 出现在文章的第二段的段首第二， 一段话的第二局的句首这是由英语的结构决定的。英语不向中文那么含蓄，比较喜欢开门见山。开门见上，才有空间和时间，进行论述，反驳，评论。however，这个词的作用比较重要这个词意味着转折的程度比较高其他转折词：in fact 往往置于句首indeed 作为递进语气来表达practically, 置于句首= in factactually, 多用于口语色彩3. 让步连词although, though, even, while (熟悉的)adj+ as it iseg,

9、promising as it is for minority enterprises (意思：尽管对于少说企业来说，前景是光明的) 注：此种用法，不仅见于阅读中，也是贸大语法和词汇部分的常考点让步的作用： 有让步，必有转折，关键在于看后面的转折 4. 强对比关系词unlike, in contrast toi, unlike you, never fall in love so fast.假如把i 和you 分别列为 a 和b那么出题中就是容易讲a，考b，或者讲b，考a还有 be distinguished from, 表示两者截然不同 这一点，也是语法与词汇中常考点排序类的阅读理解1.看段

10、首，段位，看衔接2.有代词出现，肯定不是第一次出现所代指的东西，要找相对应的名词3.注意时间先后阅读理解时，对文章一些把握的要点1. 文章的中心思想2. 作者对于论述的事物所持有的观点态度。主要通过阅读段首，段尾或者相关知识和文章要义。1. 若作者对整篇文章中都是持有积极正面的评价，那么选项中出现消极的，负面的，与事实相反的，肯定可以排除。2. 有些时候，选项中难得，设置比较拗口的是正确的选项。因为这是跟老师出题的意图有关。具体体现：否定的比肯定的难理解（包括否定，双重，多重否定）抽象的比具体的难主观比客观表述的难文章中涉及的题目，如果和中国有关，那么一般是积极向上的。同义代替，非常重要的方法

11、（）含有不肯定的特征词汇may，can seem to , might, generally, more or less, mainly, relatively, whether or, certain, concerned(2) 表示绝对的词汇must, always, never, all, only, non, absolute, entirely, exclusively出现绝对意义的词汇，就要引起注意（3） 表示抽象意义concept ,misconception, awareness, property, character, chance, opportunity, potent

12、ial考点设置1. 系表结构系表结构代表的是表述了作者或者他人的观点，看法，态度，评价2 结论性语句结论用于类似的事物之间展开推断3 感情色彩强烈作者在文章中赋予强烈的感情，一般是强调的地方，很适合考察作者态度，或者文章细节。4 指代可以综合考察语法知识和文章的理解能力5 同义词替换考察对文章的理解，同时考察词汇。a. because american literature courses start every monday of the year, theres bound to be one that fits in with your academic, personal or pro

13、fessional commitments.1)_. courses match a range of individual requirements, from intensive examination preparation to short summer programs. most courses commence at 9 am and run till 3 pm. b. if you take an intensive full-time course, we will help you to select the special interest options which b

14、est suit your goals. from then on, our teacher will discuss your work with you on a weekly basis.2)_. c. on your first day at school, you will take a test which enables our director of studies to place you at the appropriate study level.3)_. and once you have achieved specific linguistic goals, you

15、will move up to a higher level of study. d. every american literature course fee includes accommodation in carefully selected home-stay families. breakfast and dinner each day are also included.4)_.e. 5)_. our teachers have access to an extensive range of materials, including the very latest in lang

16、uage teaching technology. a.this means that you should develop the language skills you need and that you are helped to study at your own pace.b.your progress will be continuously assessedc.whatever your level of language ability, from beginner to advanced, you can choose to study for any length of t

17、ime, from two weeks to a full year.d.american literatures teaching methodology is constantly revised as more is discovered about the process of learning a new language.e.so you need have no concerns about having to look for somewhere to live once you get to the school.exactly 30 years ago, in august

18、 1977, the economist published an article by alan greenspan, the former chairman of americas federal reserve, who was then a private-sector economist. it listed five economic “donts”. 6)_ yet that is exactly what central bankers have done in recent years. the bubble in credit markets that now seems

19、to be bursting and the frothiness of so many asset prices was encouraged by loose monetary policies which pumped liquidity into financial markets. many economists blame that excess liquidity on mr greenspan himself for keeping interest rates too low for too long when he headed the fed. after the dot

20、com bubble burst in 2000-01, the fed slashed short-term interest rates to 1% by 2003. the european central bank (ecb) and the bank of japan also cut rates to unusually low levels, pushing the average interest rate in the big rich economies to a record low. the real short-term interest rate is now ab

21、ove its long-term average for the first time since 2001, suggesting that global monetary policy is no longer loose. 7)_. one reason is that the worlds two most important central banks, the fed and the ecb, have not been the main sources of global monetary liquidity.many economists in investment bank

22、s and international institutions mistakenly assume that “global” monetary conditions are set by the central banks of the rich economies. yet over the past year, a staggering three-fifths of the worlds broad money-supply growth has flowed from emerging economies. their mints are working overtime. gol

23、dman sachs reckons that growth in chinas m3 measure of broad money has quickened to 20% over the past year. in russia money supply has grown by a striking 51% and indias is up by 24%. 8)_. adjusted for inflation, their money growth has accelerated alarmingly (see chart). as a result, the entire worl

24、ds money supply is growing at its fastest for decades in real terms.one would expect emerging economies money supply to outpace that of the rich world, because their gdp growth is faster. 9)_. their interest policy has been timid: over the past three years, as monetary policy has been tightened in a

25、merica and the euro area, average rates in the emerging world have barely budged. 10)_.f.so why did financial markets remain exuberant for so long?g.but their surplus money growth over and above the increase in nominal gdp is also far biggerh.china and india have real interest rates among the worlds

26、 lowest, even though they have the fastest-growing economies.i.one of these was: “dont allow money-supply growth to spiral out of hand.”j.indeed, the broad money supply in emerging countries has increased by an average of 21% over the past year, almost three times as fast as it has in the developed

27、world.a.pioneering m-banking projects in the philippines, kenya and south africa show the way.b.some of these rules, which are based on an outdated view of what banking looks like, should be relaxed.c.they need to be tight enough to protect users and discourage money laundering, but open enough to a

28、llow new services to emerge.d.with few exceptions (hallo, ethiopia), they have done so, and mobile phones are now spreading fast, even in the poorest parts of the world.e.rather than trying to work out the best rules in advance, which could hamper innovation, the regulator is working closely with th

29、e banks and operators behind the countrys two m-banking schemes.a bank in every pocket?the idea that mobile phones bring economic benefits is now widely accepted. in places with bad roads, few trains and parlous land lines, they substitute for travel, allow price data to be distributed more quickly

30、and easily, enable traders to reach wider markets and generally ease the business of doing business. leonard waverman of the london business school has estimated that an extra ten mobile phones per 100 people in a typical developing country leads to an extra half a percentage point of growth in gdp

31、per person. to realize the economic benefits of mobile phones, governments in such countries need to do away with state monopolies, issue new licences to allow rival operators to enter the market and slash taxes on handsets. 1._ as mobile phones have spread, a new economic benefit is coming into vie

32、w: using them for banking (see article), and so improving access to financial services, not just telecoms networks. 2._ these “branchless” schemes typically allow customers to deposit and withdraw cash through a mobile operators airtime-resale agents, and send money to other people via text messages

33、 that can be exchanged for cash by visiting an agent. workers can then be paid by phone; taxi-drivers and delivery-drivers can accept payments without carrying cash around; money can be easily sent to friends and family. a popular use is to deposit money before making a long journey and then withdra

34、w it at the other end, which is safer than carrying lots of cash.there is no need to set up a national network of branches or cash machines. m-banking schemes can be combined with microfinance loans, extending access to credit and enabling users to establish a credit history. some schemes issue cust

35、omers with debit cards linked to their m-banking accounts. all this has the potential to give the “unbanked” masses access to financial services, and bring them into the formal economy.what can governments do to foster m-banking? as with the spread of mobile phones themselves, a lot depends on putti

36、ng the right regulations in place. 3. _ the existing banking model is both over- and under-protective, says tim lyman of the world bank, because “it did not foresee the convergence of telecommunications and financial services.”in many countries only licensed banks are allowed to collect deposits. even if a mobile operator forms a partnership with a bank, its agents may have to comply with banking rules covering everything from the height of the counter to the installation of alarms. financial ins