完形填空解题要诀

1、一一. 完形填空的命题特点完形填空的命题特点完形填空是一种测试学生语言水平和实际运用语完形填空是一种测试学生语言水平和实际运用语言能力的综合性题型，言能力的综合性题型， 它要求学生掌握它要求学生掌握词汇知识，词汇知识，习惯用语，习惯用语， 语法知识，句法结构语法知识，句法结构， 而且要有一而且要有一定的定的语篇领悟能力，逻辑思维能力和语言感悟能语篇领悟能力，逻辑思维能力和语言感悟能力力，是综合了现行的，是综合了现行的单选和阅读单选和阅读的考查。近年来的考查。近年来试题所设计的知识面不断拓宽，试题所设计的知识面不断拓宽，缺少故事情节的缺少故事情节的文章增多文章增多，特别强调对语篇及上下文的理解和

2、应，特别强调对语篇及上下文的理解和应用，因此，可以说该题型难度大、区分度高，是用，因此，可以说该题型难度大、区分度高，是“容易拉开距离容易拉开距离”的题型。的题型。一）完形填空所一）完形填空所考查的能力考查的能力 综综 合合 运运 用用(词的基本用法、词的搭配词的基本用法、词的搭配和习惯用语、同义词和习惯用语、同义词/近义词近义词/形形似词的区分似词的区分)(句型结构分析句型结构分析)3.阅读理解能力阅读理解能力（快速阅读、（快速阅读、）4.推理、分析、判断、归纳概括推理、分析、判断、归纳概括能力能力5.英语背景英语背景知识和知识和生活生活常识常识二）完形填空的命题特点二）完形填空的命题特点高

3、考英语试卷高考英语试卷“完形填空完形填空”试题的命制，基本上遵循试题的命制，基本上遵循了了“突出语篇，突出语篇， 强调应用，注重实际强调应用，注重实际”的设计思路。的设计思路。在语篇中考查语言知识的灵活运用能力，是高考英语在语篇中考查语言知识的灵活运用能力，是高考英语试卷中最具挑战性的项目。完形的选材通常是试卷中最具挑战性的项目。完形的选材通常是叙事文叙事文或夹叙夹议或夹叙夹议的报道体裁，内容情节深刻，常涉及的报道体裁，内容情节深刻，常涉及人物人物心理活动方面的细致描写心理活动方面的细致描写，篇章与句子结构变化丰富。，篇章与句子结构变化丰富。文章内容健康、时尚，将知识、文化、教育、趣味融文章内

4、容健康、时尚，将知识、文化、教育、趣味融为一体。总的来说：为一体。总的来说：时代感突出，生活化明显，寓教时代感突出，生活化明显，寓教于乐。于乐。题型特点题型特点 1.文章的词数及结构文章的词数及结构 完形填空的短文一般在完形填空的短文一般在300个词以内，少则个词以内，少则250。命。命题者围绕着语法结构、用词造句设题。题者围绕着语法结构、用词造句设题。篇首提示句保留篇首提示句保留完整完整。 2. 文章选材以文章选材以夹叙夹议夹叙夹议为主为主 3.设题设题以以实词实词为主，为主，虚词虚词为辅为辅（1篇篇 20题）题） 完型填空以这一规律出现，符合高考完形填空完型填空以这一规律出现，符合高考完形

5、填空淡化语淡化语法法的趋势，因为实词多和语言内容相关，而相对而言虚的趋势，因为实词多和语言内容相关，而相对而言虚词就多和语言形式（语法）联系的近一些。词就多和语言形式（语法）联系的近一些。 Strategies In Cloze Test完形填空解题要诀完形填空解题要诀Which of the following answers do you choose？_A eye B light C bright D cry Then lets look at the following situation：If you were a tear-drop in my _ .For fear of los

6、ing you, I would never _.And if the golden sun, should cease to shine _. Just one smile from you ,would make my whole world _.D cryD cryA eyeA eyeB lightB lightC brightC brightgrammarvocabularycontext What does cloze test test us？Discuss: What strategies do you adopt while doing a cloze test and dea

7、ling with grammar, vocabulary and context at the same time?Read the whole passage Fill in the easy onesConsider carefully Check the whole text Presentation of the StrategiesTask Two：浏览通篇会其神，浏览通篇会其神，横线左右上下文，横线左右上下文，快读精选抓要点，快读精选抓要点，设身处地填无痕。设身处地填无痕。完形填空解题要诀完形填空解题要诀完形填空解题要诀完形填空解题要诀浏览通篇浏览通篇会会其神其神文章首句要重视，

8、全篇理解有启示。文章首句要重视，全篇理解有启示。记叙体裁为主体，通读全文明意旨。记叙体裁为主体，通读全文明意旨。做完形填空时做完形填空时：利用首句信息，判断作者态度利用首句信息，判断作者态度 赞其伟大，赞其伟大， 乐其滑稽，乐其滑稽， 哀其不幸，哀其不幸， 怒其不争。怒其不争。利用首句判断人物的情感变化利用首句判断人物的情感变化 Jane was a middle-aged lady who lived with her only son John in a small house. She _1_ John very much. In her 2 (eyes) he couldnt do a

9、nything _3_ .Every morning she would give him breakfast 4 (in) bed and bring him papers to 5 (sign) .1 A depended on B waited on C trusted D loved 3 A wrong B great C good D strange 利用首句判断故事的时间、地点、人物和事件，利用首句判断故事的时间、地点、人物和事件， 预测故事的发展预测故事的发展 “Mama, when I grow up, Im going to be one of those!” I said

10、this after seeing the Capital Dancing Company perform when I was three. It was the first time that my _36_ took on a vivid form and acted as something important to start my training. As I grew older and was (exposed) to more, my interests in the world of dance (certainly) varied but that little girl

11、s dream of someday becoming a _39_ in the company never left me. In the summer of 2005 when I was 18, I received the phone call which made that dream a _40_; I became a member of the company (dating) back to 1925. （2012北京）北京）36. A. hobby B. plan C. dream D. word39.A. director B. trainer C. leader D.

12、 dancer40. A. symbol B. memory C. truth D. reality依靠首句判断文体特征和故事的叙述脉络依靠首句判断文体特征和故事的叙述脉络 When Glen Kruger picked a small cat from an animal shelter, he did not expect much. Yet right from the start, eight years ago, there was an uncommon connection between him and the small black cat. He 36 her Inky.

13、Inky was a gentle cat, (sharing) the house with five other cats. But on a January night in 2009, Inky did 41 that would set her apart from 42 cats forever. (2012辽宁卷辽宁卷)36. A. gave B. chose C. named D. remembered41. A. anything B. nothing C. something D. everything42. A. familiar B. lovely C. ordinar

14、y D. outstanding完形填空解题要诀完形填空解题要诀横线左右上下文横线左右上下文context 上下文语境上下文语境information given in the passage 利用文章中的信息利用文章中的信息各种线索各种线索 复现复现 各种线索各种线索线索线索并列关系并列关系顺序关系顺序关系转折关系转折关系 解释关系解释关系 因果关系因果关系Practice and ApplicationTask Three：1) 动作顺序线索：动作顺序线索：After she wrote the letter, she _ it and then _ it.A. posted; signe

15、dB. signed; posted2) 环境线索：环境线索：1. Im tired of sea food, so I didnt eat any _ that day.A. cabbageB. shrimpC. pork D. beef3) 因果线索：因果线索：He was badly ill, so he was _.A. presentB. absent4) 转折线索：转折线索：He was badly ill; however, he was _.A. presentB. absent5) 让步线索：让步线索：He didnt _ the test, though he worked

16、 hard.A. passB. fail6) 用途线索：用途线索：I like my _, which gives me great help in the rain.A. umbrellaB. bikeC. potD. dictionary7) 比较线索：比较线索：We are shorter than him, so he is the _ among us.A. tallestB. shortest原词原词复现复现 (word repetition )同义词或近义词同义词或近义词复现复现 (synonym)代词复现代词复现 (repetition of pronoun)反义词复现反义词复

17、现等。等。(antonym)复现复现 Repetition复现复现1) 原词复现原词复现I decided then and there to make a _34_ of fifty things I was happy with. Later, I decided to (add) more things to the list. （2012全国二）全国二）34. A. listB. bookC. checkD. copy2）近义词复现）近义词复现 the auto shop called I needed a new _10_ in my car, They said no the ma

18、n who towed the car in told them to (fix) a new motor and send me on my way! A. equipment B. engine C. device D. part复现复现3) 代词复现代词复现Nobody will know except _2_ . But you have to live with yourself, and it is always to live with one you respect.A. me B. you C. us D. them4）反义词复现）反义词复现 I learned how to

19、 accept life as it is from my father. However, he did not teach me acceptance when he was strong and healthy, but rather when he was _ and ill.A. tired B. weak C. poor D. slow完形填空解题要诀完形填空解题要诀快读精选抓快读精选抓要点要点个别填空借常识个别填空借常识, 习惯用法靠记忆习惯用法靠记忆相近词义细辨析相近词义细辨析, 四个选项巧设计，四个选项巧设计，填空多是实义词填空多是实义词, 词类范畴必同一，词类范畴必同一，确

20、定最佳靠逻辑确定最佳靠逻辑, 字里行间找信息。字里行间找信息。解题策略 Problem solving strategies常识背景（常识背景（common sense）习惯搭配（习惯搭配（phrases & idioms）词义辨析（词义辨析（comparison）语法分析（语法分析（grammar analysis)逻辑分析逻辑分析(logical analysis )排除法（排除法（exclusive method ）Exercise 11 1 In the summer vacation of 1997 , I was fixed with a In the summer vacatio

21、n of 1997 , I was fixed with a job. I worked as a(n) job. I worked as a(n) _ _ at Mr. Breens fruit shop. at Mr. Breens fruit shop. A .operator B . assistant A .operator B . assistant C .waiter D. secretary C .waiter D. secretary2 It was an early morning in summer. In the street , 2 It was an early m

22、orning in summer. In the street , sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly, heading sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly, heading towards their towards their _._. A .homes B. houses A .homes B. houses C. restaurants D. offices C. restaurants D. offices3 The slave escaped from his master and fled to

23、the 3 The slave escaped from his master and fled to the _. _. As he was wondering about there , he came As he was wondering about there , he came upon a lion.upon a lion. A. street B. park C. forest D. field A. street B. park C. forest D. field文化背景常识文化背景常识Exercise 3（新课标卷）（新课标卷）Body language is the q

24、uiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks _36_ than words. 36. A. straighter B. louder C. harder D. further习惯搭配法习惯搭配法Action speaks louder than words.事实胜于雄辩事实胜于雄辩Exercise 4（新课标卷）（新课标卷）But whatever the situation, the best _54_ is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like

25、to be _55_.54. A. chance B. time C. result D. advice55. A. noticed B. treated C. respected D. pleased习惯搭配法习惯搭配法Do as you would be done by. 己所不欲勿施于人己所不欲勿施于人词义辨析法词义辨析法 Exercise 61. Soon I heard a _ like that of a door burst in , and then a clime of feet. A. sound B. cry C. voice D. noise2. It was a pl

26、easant way of passing time for an old man who lived _. A. lonely B . alone C. away D . busily 3.The back door and the windows were all closed and there was no _ of forced entry. A .scene B . show C. sign D .sightExercise 7（2012江苏卷）江苏卷）Most developed nations have become _43_ on digital technology sim

27、ply because theyve grown accustomed to it, and at this point not _44_ it would make them an outsider.43. A. bent B. hard C. keen D. dependent44. A. finding B. using C. protectingD. changing语法分析法语法分析法 (2012全国二全国二) At first I got angry. Then it _31_ me I had been giving all of my (attention) to what w

28、as going wrong with my (life) rather than what was right! 31. A. hurt B. hit C. caught D. movedExercise 10语法分析法语法分析法 (2012 北京卷北京卷) As I look back on that day now, it surely _42_ any sense of reality. I believe I stayed in a state of pleasant disbelief _43_ I was halfway through rehearsals (排排练练) on

29、my first day. 42. A. lacksB. adds C. makesD. brings 43. A. while B. since C. until D. whenExercise 11语法分析法语法分析法 (2012 陕西卷）陕西卷） One sunny afternoon, a seven-year-old girl went for a walk. She crossed a large area of grassland into the woods _26_ she realized that she was lost. 26. A. before B. since

30、C. while D. asExercise 12逻辑分析法逻辑分析法 (2012 山东卷）山东卷） The Mullers soon realized that food and clothing werent _42_. “What these people also need is warmth and (caring) ,” says Rita. The Mullers didnt _44_ to give their phone number to the street people and told them to phone anytime. Rita _45_ there wa

31、s somebody at home to answer the phone42.A. enoughB. necessary C. helpfulD. expensive 44. A. hesitateB. agree C. pretend D. intend45.A. make sense B. found out C. make sure D. worked out Exercise 13逻辑分析法逻辑分析法 (2012 浙江卷浙江卷) (Opening) the box , Oscar saw an umbrella inside a very old one with a beauti

32、fully carved handle. _23_He had not seen it in more than 20 years, he recognized it _24_. 23. A. After B. When C. Since D. Although 24. A. clearly B. fully C. immediately D. suddenlyExercise 14排除法排除法 （浙江卷）（浙江卷）He was chatting online and, (1) , he was playing a computer gamea war game. I was surprise

33、d .1. A. first of all B. just then C. at the same time D. at that timeExercise 15排除法排除法 （浙江卷）（浙江卷） The concept of solitude (独处独处) in thedigital world is almost non-existent Being reachable might feel like a _47_ to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.47. A. pleasure B. ben

34、efit C. burden D. disappointmentExercise 16完形填空解题要诀完形填空解题要诀设身处地填无痕设身处地填无痕情景还原情景还原，在特定的时间和地点，在特定的时间和地点，特定的人物的动作和语言应该符合其特定的人物的动作和语言应该符合其身份和当时的场景，特定的事物应该身份和当时的场景，特定的事物应该具有与之相对应、匹配的信息。具有与之相对应、匹配的信息。设身处地填无痕设身处地填无痕I often lack confidence in my own abilities as a teacher, so it gave me quite a _ when a fri

35、end who works with families in the community (mentioned) that he has heard several times from parents how glad they are to have their kids in my class. A. evidence B. pride C. lift D. comfort Exercise 17 设身处地填无痕设身处地填无痕 （2012 江西卷）江西卷） There was a noticeable touch of _50_ in the way he seemed to be do

36、ing things (cleaning) the windscreen (挡挡风玻璃风玻璃), then standing back to admire it; scrubbing (擦净擦净) the wheels and (again) standing back to see what they look like after the scrub. 50Aworry Brespect Csympathy DprideExercise 18Consolidation exercise 文章首句要重视，全篇理解有启示。文章首句要重视，全篇理解有启示。记叙体裁为主体，通读全文明意旨。记叙体裁

37、为主体，通读全文明意旨。填空多是实意词，四个选项巧设计，填空多是实意词，四个选项巧设计，词类范畴必同一。确定最佳靠逻辑，词类范畴必同一。确定最佳靠逻辑，字里行间找信息。个别填空借常识，字里行间找信息。个别填空借常识，相近词义细辨析，习惯用法靠记忆。相近词义细辨析，习惯用法靠记忆。Homework:Read the passage carefully and complete it with the best answers from the given.上下文语境法上下文语境法 contextExercise 11.Travelling west, you set your clock_(1)

38、_ ; traveling east ,you set it ahead. A behind B. up C. back D. ahead2. Many old people dont have good _(2)_ .They cant watch TV, but they can listen to the music. A. hearing B. health C. eyesight D. time3. Many Africans are very _(3)_ , so they cant afford to eat much meat with their cereal. A heal

39、thy B. poor C. rich D .weak4 .Traveling _(4)_ , today becomes yesterday; traveling west it is tomorrow. A .south B. east C. north D. west Summary语篇信息语篇信息词汇手段词汇手段复现复现语法手段语法手段逻辑手段逻辑手段并列并列关系关系顺序关系顺序关系转折关系转折关系 解释关系解释关系 因果关系因果关系Practice 11The correct water supply forecast is based more on the water from the 34 than from the below. 2In 1964 Shirley gra