监理细则水暖细则PPT学习教案

1、会计学1监理细则水暖细则监理细则水暖细则2021-10-172Why so divided?different roles roles played in the formationformation of verb phrases According toAccording to I will win this competition. winwillbasic meaning of phrase grammatical and modal meanings of phrase Main VerbsAuxiliaries第1页/共29页2021-10-173modal auxiliaries

2、 semi- auxiliaries.be, do, have can/ could, may/ might, will/ would, shall/ should, must, ought to, dare, need, used to, have to , seem to bo to, be sure to, be about to,be apt to, be certain to, be bound to, be going to,be (un)likely to have got to, had better, had best happen to, chance to, appear

3、 to, come to, fail to, get to, tend to, turn out toprimary auxiliaries第2页/共29页2021-10-174n He has been to New York.is wasDoesdidhas第3页/共29页2021-10-175 be the progressive aspect or passive voice. do negative meanings or to form questions some times the emphatic affirmative have the perfective or the

4、perfective progressive aspect. no lexical meaning with grammatical functions / meanings: be, do, have Features: Exercise 1Observe the following sentences and point out which ones of the blue words are primary auxiliaries and which ones are not.第4页/共29页2021-10-176 Exercise 2第5页/共29页2021-10-177hadhave

5、havehashavehadhadhavehashas第6页/共29页2021-10-178thirteen modal auxiliaries including some past tense forms can/ could, may/ might, will/ would, shall/ should, must, ought to, dare, need, used to 1. express modal meanings 2. past tense forms do not necessarily express past time 3. In a finite verb phra

6、se, we can use only one modal auxiliarywhich is invariably followed by the bare infinitive or the base form. Features: 第7页/共29页2021-10-179have to , seem to 1. help the main verb to form the complex verb phrase and express the modal meaning Features: 2. when preceded by other auxiliaries, function as

7、 main verbsI have to buy a new car.I dont have to buy a new car.第8页/共29页2021-10-17102) Transitive verbs, intransitive verbs and linking verbs Main verbs can be divided in accordance with whether or not they must be followed by obligatory elements functioning as complementation and what kind of eleme

8、nts that must follow. Transitive Verbs Intransitive VerbsLinking Verbsobject do not require an object subject complement 第9页/共29页2021-10-1711Intransitive verb:sing, dance, fly, smile, rise, talk, .They always want _ after lunch.applesno objectno passive voiceHe is looking me.look at/ look aroundTran

9、sitive verb: + objectlisten to/ laugh at/ talk toS+Vt+ O: I love my motherS+Vt+o+O : I buy my mother a gift.S+Vt+O+C: We paint the wall white.第10页/共29页2021-10-1712Linking verbam/ is/ arefeel/ smell/ taste/ seem/ lookturn/ grow/ become/gostay/keep/hold/ remainSpider man is a hero.This milk smells sou

10、r.This task seems difficult.The weather become hotHe always keeps silent in the class.The rumor proves false.第11页/共29页2021-10-17131.The fish is fresh from water. You dont have to smell it.3.The milk is going bad. It smells.4.This fish smells delicious.第12页/共29页2021-10-1714dynamicstativefor actionsfo

11、r statesaccording to lexical meanings1.Durative Verbs2.Transitional Verbs3.Momentary VerbsThese verbs normally admit of both the progressive and the non-progressive aspect.non-progressive form a single movement progressive form a repeated movementDynamic Verbs can be subclassified into three categor

12、ies:according to their Duration第13页/共29页2021-10-1715normally incompatible with the progressive except in certain cases where there is a transfer of meaning1. main verb be and have2. verbs with the notion of being and having3. verbs that refer to a sense perception4. verbs that refer to a feeling / o

13、pinion 第14页/共29页2021-10-1716The 1st subclass includes main verb be and main verb have: Jim is a teacher, but 20 years ago he was a soldier.We have friends all over the world.第15页/共29页2021-10-1717The 2nd subclass includes verbs that include, as part of their meaning, the notion of being and having, s

14、uch as apply to, belong to, differ from, cost, weigh, measure, fit, hold, lack, resembleThis rule applies to everyone. (= is applicable to) French differs from English in having gender for all nouns. (=is different from) The auditorium holds 2000 people. (=has the capacity for) 第16页/共29页2021-10-1718

15、The 3rd subclass includes verbs that refer to a sense perception, such as hear, see, feel, taste, smellShe doesnt hear very well.I can taste pepper in the soup. It tastes hot.第17页/共29页2021-10-1719The 4th subclass includes verbs that refer to a feeling, a state of mind or an opinion, such as assume,

16、believe, consider (=think), detest, fear, hate, hope, imagine, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, prefer, regret, remember, suppose, think, understand, I believe we have met before.Jim knows Chinese.第18页/共29页2021-10-1720She works at a chemical factory.She has been working there for a long time.Th

17、e actions expressed by these verbs almost have no time limit.The leaves of the trees are turning yellow.The weather is changing for the better.第19页/共29页2021-10-1721The old man stops at a house and knocks at the door.Who is knocking the door?He opened the door and ran out of the house.He was opening

18、and closing the door to make sure that it worked properly.Single actions cannot lastThe repetition of Single actions can be durative第20页/共29页2021-10-1722Here are a few examples to illustrate that stative verbs can sometimes be used dynamically and therefore can be used with the progressive aspect, e.g.: He is a fool.He is being a fool.I have a book.We are having breakfast.I feel comfortable.Im feeling this material.I expect youre rather tired.I am expecting a visitor.I dont think you are right.Dont make so much noise. Im thinking.StativeStativeSta