高三英语译林(江苏专用)一轮复习课件：第2部分专题2动词和动词短语

1、专题二动词和动词短语动词的辨析动词包括连系动词、及物动词和不及物动词、持续性动词与非持续性动词,是高考考查的重点,无论是单项填空还是完形填空等题型中，动词辨析的比重 都很尢并有逐年增加的趋势。动词辨析主要指:1 词形相近的动词之间的辨析。如：lie，lay； rise, raise； sit, seat等。2.意义相近的动词之间的辨析。如：borrow, lend； speak, say, talk； hope, wish 等。1 3.动词与其他词形相近、意义相似的词的辨析。如：advise, advice； cost, worth； pass, past 等。4.意义不同但容易混淆的动词的辨

2、析。如：explain, say； discover, invent；uncover, find 等。5.某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨析。如：ask, give, call, make, get, keep, want, see, hear 等。i 6.某些常用动词短语的辨析。如：give in, give up； turn on, turn off, turn down, turn 叩等。【即时训练1】选词填空A.remind, negotiate, fail, limit, order1 William found it increasingly difficult to read, for

3、 his eyesight was beginning to 垣d2 If you dont like the drink you ordered just leave it and try a different one.3 Mary, I reminded John of his promise to help you.4 Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also limit our thinking.5 The government refuses to nego

4、tiate with terrorists.B.open，accumulate, reserve, earn, deny6 Clinical evidence began to accumulate, suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals.me.7Are you still mad at her?Not really, but I cant deny that her remarks hurt

5、8 Id prefer to reserve my judgment until I find all the evidence9. You are old enough to earn your own livingsummer vacation.10. I opened a bank account after I made $1, 000 by doing a part- time job during the动词短语的考查要点动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。需掌握以下要点:1.根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。;(1) 动词+副词(不及物)I I I I I ITo

6、m turned up after the party when everyone had left.(2) 动词+副词(及物)Please turn every light in the house off.注意：如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。She turned off all the lights which had been left on.如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词利副词之间。She gave them away.(3) 动词+介词(及物)You should learn to care about others.1注意：当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。I I

7、:1 (4)动词+副词+介词；I I I I I eHook forward to seeing you soon.注意：“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”, 这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。;In this way both grain and vegetables can be well looked after(不能漏掉 after)2.熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配 在意义上的差异。；1同一动词和不同介词搭配时意义上的差异。ill：hear from收到的来信hear of听说look after 照料 loo

8、k at 看 look for 寻找(2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时意义上的差异。I IIring back回电话ring off挂断电话ring叩打电话IIput away放好；收起put on穿上；上演put叩挂起；举起(3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时意义上的差异。look for 寻找 ask for 请求wait for等候send for派人去叫(4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时意义上的差异。break out发生；爆发carry out进行；开展go out熄灭hand out 分发let out放出look out 当心sell out 卖完set out出发take out 取岀wor

9、k out 算出break down 坏 了come down落下来get down 下车take down 取下write down 写下【即时训练2】选词填空A.speed 叩，work out, put 叩 with, bring down1 I can put up with the house being untidy, but I hate it if ifs not clean.2 We aim to bring down the cost of daily life.3 They are broadening the bridge to speed up the flow of

10、 traffic.4 You cant predict everything.Often things dont work out as you expect.B.| care about, bring up, turndown，put up5. You look upset.Whats the matter?I had my proposal turned down again.6 If you care about faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.7 He d

11、ecided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting 叩 at a hotel for the night8 Born into a family with three brothers, David was brought up to value thesense of sharing.C. take on,go over, come across, look up9. To get a better grade, you should go over the notes again before the test.10

12、 I often look 叩 the words I dont know in the dictionary or on the hternet.11 She came across an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store12 Some insects take on the color of their surroundings to protect themselves易错易混点1. lay（放），lie（躺）与lie（说谎），这三个易混动词构成见下表:原形过去式过去分词

13、lay,搁;下蛋；产卵laidlaid ilie躺；位于1laylainlie说谎liedlied2rise和raise： rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose,过去分词是risen,而 raise是及物动词，是规则动词。I I I I I1 3. hang的用法：hong有两个意思：一为“悬挂”，是不规则动词，过去式、 过去分词都是hung；二为“绞刑”，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是 hangedo4. sit与seat： seat为及物动词时作“容纳”讲，sit只是表示一个动作；seat 表示“就座”时要用 be seated 或用 seat oneselfo 如:They we

14、re seated at their desks 或 I seated myself in the armchair.5. win 与 beat： win 作胜、赢讲时其后应接 a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race, a bet等，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含义。如: I have won him.即“我已说服他了，我赢得了他的好感。”而beat是及物动词， 意为“击败、胜过”,直接接人、物。I I I II羅36lost, gone与missing：作补足语或表语时意为丢失、不见了” ,可以 用 lost, g

15、one,但不能用 missed,而要用 missing0语法与写作;根据提示翻译下面的句子;；1. （2013山东高考写作）必须指出我愿意在这个假期里去旅游。（pointout）It must be pointed out that I would love to go travelling during this holiday.2. （2013-四川高考书面表达）踢足球和看电视占据了我很多的业余时间。 （take up）Playing football and watching TV take up much of my spare time.3. (2013-浙江高考书面表达)我必须使自

16、己适应美国的生活方式，帮助他们了解中国文化的最优秀部分。(adapt to) ；乙【导学号：36742157I had to adapt myself to their American lifestyle and help them imdersUmd the best part of Chinese culture.4. (2013-天津高考书面表达)前面将会有很多挑战，但我有信心我会挑起这 个担子。(take on)There will be many challenges ahead, but I have confidence that Til take on theburden 5

17、(2013新课标全国II书面表达)在中国，这些中国结(Chineseknot)代表友 谊、爱和好运。(stand for)In China, these Chinese knots stand for friendship, love and good luck感悟高考1. （2016江苏高考）Parents should actively urge their children totheopportunity to join sports teams.A. gain admission toB keep track ofC take advantage ofD give rise to【解

18、析】考查语境选词。句意:父母应该积极地督促孩子利用（takeadvantage of）加入体育队的机会。C项take advantage of意为“利用”，符合语境。 gain admission to 进入;keep track of 记录，与 保持联系；give rise to 使发生。2. (2016江苏高考)He did noteasily, but was willing to accept anyconstructive advice for a worthy cause.A 叩proachB wrestleC compromiseD communicatei【解析】考查语境选词。

19、句意：他不会轻易妥协(compromise)，但乐意接 受对一项崇高事业的任何建设性意见。C项compromise意为“妥协”,符合语 境。approach接近，靠近；wrestle摔跤，扭打；communicate沟通，交流。【笞案】c3. （2016浙江高考）We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite, rather thanus.A. divideB rejectC controlD abandon【解析】考查语境选词。句意:当我们学会求同存异,而非对立分歧（divideus）时，我们会收获颇多。由语境可

20、知该空要填unite的反义词divide0 reject拒绝; control 控制；abandon 抛弃。【笞案】A【答案】A4. （2016-天津高考）Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion butfinally sheher opinion on the subject.A. gave voice toB kept an eye onC turned a deaf ear toD set foot on【解析】考查动词短语意义辨析。句意：玛丽在讨论初期保持了沉默,但最终还是提岀了对这一话题的看法(give voice

21、 to.)。A项gave voice to意为表达对的想法”,符合语境o keep an eye on照看,留意;turn a deaf ear to对充耳不闻；set foot on进入，参观。 ；5. （2016天津高考）1 hate it when she calls me at workPm always too busytoa conversation with her.A. carry onB break intoD. cut offC turn down【解析】考查短语意义辨析。句意：我讨厌工作时她给我打电话一直很忙，没时间与她进行谈话(carry on a conversati

22、on)0 A项carry on意为“进 行，继续”，符合语境。break into打断，闯入；turndown调低,拒绝；cut off 停止，中断。!:!:!6. (2016*天津高考)Pm going toadvantage of this tour to explore thehistory of the castle.A. putB makeC. takeD. give!【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：我打算利用(take advantage of)这次观光机 会来探究这座城堡的历史。take advantage of是固定搭配，意为“利用”，符合 语境，故选c项。!7. （2015浙江高

23、考）If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able toonthe sea?A floatB drownD splitC. shrink【解析】本题考查语境选词。句意：如果铁比水重，为什么船能够在海面上？ float浮，漂浮；drown（使）淹死，淹没；shrink（使）缩小，（使）收缩； split（使）裂开，（使）断裂。根据常识可知，船是“漂浮（float）”在海面上的，故选 A项。【答案】A8. （2015湖北高考）In order not to be heard, she pointed her finger up wards to

24、that someone was moving about upstairs.A. whisperB signalC declareD complain【解析】本题考查语境选词。句意：为了不让别人听到自己的声音，她竖起手指示意有人正在楼上走动。根据题干中的pointed her finger叩wards可知， 她只是竖起手指示意，并没有岀声。signal意为“示意”，所以选择B项。whisper 低语；declare宣布；complain抱怨。【答案】B【解析】本题考查语境选词。句意：传说端午节的起源是为了屈9. （2014-江苏高考）Legend has it that the origin

25、 of the Dragon Boat Festival is tothe soul of Qu Yirnn.C recoverA rememberB remindD. recall原的灵魂o remember iE住；remind提醒，使回想起，可构成固定搭配remind sb.of sth.； recover使恢复，重新找回(丢失或被偷的东西)；recall召回(to tell sb.to come back),回想起。人们最初过端午节是为了召回屈原的灵魂(recall the soul of Qu Yuan),故选 D 项。【答案】D10. （2013-天津咼考）Ifyou are in

26、 trouble, Mike is always willing toahand.A. lendB. shakeC waveD want【解析】句意：“如果你有麻烦，迈克总是愿意伸出援助之手。v lend ahand意为“伸岀援助之手，符合语境。shake a hand意为“握手”，wave a hand意为“挥手”，want a hand意为“需要帮忙”，均与句意不符。丨【答案】A11. （2013-江西咼考）Shethe carpet with some very nice curtains incolour.A. connectedB. fittedC equippedD matched

27、；【解析】选项中四个单词均为动词:connect意为“连接” ；fit意为“（使）适合” ；equip意为“装备，配备”；match意为“使相配，使相称”。句意:她安装了一些非常好看的窗帘，使之在颜色上与地毯相配。故D项符合语境。【答案】D12. （2013湖北高考）111 much of the animal world, night is the timeforsleeppure and simple.A set asideB set downC set offD set 叩；【解析】这里pure and simple表示“完全，不折不扣”,用来指某事只有 唯一的原因。这里用set aside表示“留出，抽出（时间等）”，表示这段时间就是 用来睡觉的。set down 写下” ；setoff “出发，引