情态动词和虚拟语气(B级)

1、 模块讲义 情态动词与虚拟语气 情态动词与虚拟语气高考要求内容基本要求情态动词一、准确掌握情态动词表允许、推测、判断等用法；二、重点掌握情态动词表推测；三、情态动词+have done 与虚拟语气的联系；四、虚拟语气重点课前预习Task1:Can you can a can as a canner can can a can? 你能象罐头厂那样把罐头装进罐头盒子里吗？ （短短绕口令，却蕴含了can的三种用法：情态动词，“能，会”；动词，把装罐；名词；罐头。你了解了吗？_）Task2:cant hug every cat= cant have your cake and eat it too 有

2、得必有失/ 熊掌和鱼翅不能兼得Eg: I bought all this cake and food for my birthday party, but because I bought so much food I dont have any money left to pay my friends to attend. I guess you just cant hug every cat.(此句中cant是情态动词哦)知识讲解（一）情态动词在近几年高考中均是重点考察项目，高考的热点依次是：（1）推测和可能性；（2）必要性。试题的立意不偏不怪，但是有效信息越来越隐蔽，情景更生动、真实，细

3、微化和综合化也增加了试题的难度。一、情态动词的基本用法1、表示允许或禁止，要根据适当的语境判断情态动词的语气。注意下列词的使用：can/ could/ may/ might；cant/ couldnt/ may not/ might not即学即用：2011年西城一模（ ） - What should I wear to the party?- Well, it isnt very formal. You _ wear whatever you like.A. can B. must C should D. need2011年海淀二模：（ ）- Jack, _you behave yourse

4、lf? You are no longer a kid.- Sorry, Daddy. It wont happen again.A. mustnt B. cant C. should D. would2010年安徽高考：（ ） 一 ? 一 That would be great! Please drop me off at the libraryACould you bring me the billBWould you like me to give you a liftCCould you tell me the postcode for ParisDWould you like to

5、have my e-mail address特别强调：当自己是决策者，给对方（you）或第三者（he/she/they）以命令、警告、允诺或威胁时，要用shall。除此之外，当宣布法律、规定时也要用shall。E.g.：You shall leave my room at once, and he also shall. It has been announced that the candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.即学即用：2010年江苏高考（ ）I havent g

6、ot the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You_ have it by Friday.A. could B. shall C. must D. may 2、表责任或义务：此部分知识考察基础，只要知道“不必”用 neednt或 dont have to 表示即可。即学即用：2010年湖南：（ ）You buy a gift, but you can if you want to.A. must B. mustnt C. have to D. dont have to

7、 3、表推测和可能性：做题时除了掌握情态动词基本的语气之外，更应综合句子的语境确定情态动词。语气强弱见下表：词形肯定式否定式疑问式Must必定，必然 / /Will可能，大概不会，不该会吗？Would可能性比Will小语气wont 弱语气比will 弱Should按说应该；理应 / /Ought to 按说应该；理应 / /Can /不可能有可能吗？Could 微弱的可能不可能语气比can 弱May 或许，也许，也未可知，也说不定可能不 /Might 比May还弱比May not 还弱 /即学即用：2011年西城二模：（ ）Lifting off at sunrise, the hot air

8、 balloon goes wherever the wind blow. AmayBmustCneedDshould2011年海淀一模（ ）- Will my son be all right soon, doctor?- well, he _ be, if he takes the tablets.A. may B. must C. should D. can 2011年朝阳二模：（ ） -Write to me when you get home. - I _.A. must B. can C. should D. will4、情态动词+have done的用法：要想熟练的运用这部分知识

9、，必须掌握情态动词+have done 结构的言外之意。情态动词+have done意义例句must have done“想必、准是做了某事”，否定形式为cant/couldnt have doneIt must have rained last night for the road is wet .can/ could have done“本来能够实际上却没有”“过去可能会”You could have helped him that time.Can he have visited his former teacher last night?can/ could not have done

10、“过去不可能”“过去没能”I saw Mr. Wang just now. He couldnt have gone to Shanghai.may/might have done“也许，或许已经”It was too late. He may have gone to bed.She might have caught a cold because of the bad weather.should/ought to have done本应该做某事却没做You should have finished your homework last night.shouldnt /ought not

11、to have done本不应该做某事却做了You shouldnt have told her the truth. neednt have done本没必要做某事却做了You neednt have taken a taxi here, for it was very near to my house.比较：I didnt need to clean the window.had better have done最好当时做了某事You had better have prepared for it earlier.would rather have done宁愿当时做了某事I would

12、rather have taken the doctors advice.would like/love to have done本愿意做某事却没做He would like to have joined the party last night, but he had a lesson at that time.即学即用：2011年东城一模（ ）There arent any toys in our suitcaseWhere have you put them? Oh, noThat old lady sitting next to us _ have taken ours by mist

13、ake.Amust Bcould Cshould Dwould2011年丰台二模（ ）From the tears in Nancy s eyes we know that something sad _.Amay happenBwould happenCmust have happenedDshould have happened2011年东城二模：（ ）He has no idea what the book is aboutHe have read it very carefullyAneedntBshouldntCcantDmustnt2010年安徽高考：（ ）32Jack descr

14、ibed his father, who a brave boy many years ago，as a strong-willed man. A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been二、情态动词的特殊用法掌握情态动词基本用法的同时，掌握其特殊用法也很重要哦！1、Can的其他习惯用法：表示疑惑或惊讶，意为“究竟能，难道会”E.g.：What can he be doing at this time of night?can but 作“只好，至多不过”讲E.g.：We can but do our best.cann

15、ot help but do/ cannot help doing 意为“不得不，不禁”。E.g.：I cannot help but think of my parents.cannot too表示“无论.都不过分；越.越好”E.g.：You cannot be too careful to cross the road.2、must 的特殊用法：表示“偏要；偏偏”E.g.：When I was taking a nap, a student must knock at the door.If you must smoke, do it outside, please.3、should的特殊

16、用法：表示说话人的惊奇、愤怒、失望等特殊情感。E.g.：Its surprising that Mary should love such a person as Jack.表示推测时，意为“按理说”E.g.：It is nine oclock now. He should be at home. 现在九点了，按理说他应该在家。 4、may 的特殊用法：表祝愿时常用“May+主语+动词原形”E.g.：May you succeed.May you have a good time.may as well “还是.的好，倒不如” may well 很可能，充分理由5、will 的特殊用法：表示自

17、愿或主动提出做什么，如意志、愿望或决心等。Would用于过去情况。Eg：They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed.表示规律性的“注定会”Eg：You will regret forever if you lose this golden chance.课堂检测1.The traffic is heavy these days.I_arrive a bit late，so could you save me a place?A. can B. mustC. need D. might2.What do you mean，the

18、re are only ten tickets？There_be twelve.A. should B. wouldC. will D. shall3.I cant leave.She told me that I_stay here until she comes back.A. can B. mustC. will D. may4.One of the few things you_say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather. A. need B. must C. sho

19、uld D. can5. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he_it differently.A. could express B. would expressC. could have expressed D. must have expressed6.Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they_ just be quiet people.A. must B. mayC. should D. would7.But for the h

20、elp of my English teacher，I_ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.A. would not win B. would not have wonC. would win D. would have won8.The doctor recommended that you_ swim after eating a large meal.A. wouldnt B. couldntC. neednt D. shouldnt9.But for their help，we_the program in time.

21、A. can not finish B. will not finishC. had not finished D. could not have finished10.This printer is of good quality.If it_break down within the first year，we would repair it at our expense. A. would B. shouldC. could D. might知识讲解（二）虚拟语气这一考点在高考中的地位越来越重，由原来的一道题，增加到2011年高考的2道题，除了对if条件句的虚拟语气进行考察之外，还增加了

22、对wish引导的宾语从句的虚拟语气进行了考察。因此，我们也应该提高对虚拟语气的重视度。一、if条件句的虚拟语气：1、注意if条件句和主句的相互呼应。（1）if条件状语从句和主句的时间一致：根据if条件句的形式来判断主句的形式；根据主句的形式来判断条件状语从句的形式。特别强调：注意if省略的情况。即学即用：2011北京高考：（ ）30. Maybe if I_science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.A. studiedB. would studyC. had studiedD. was stu

23、dying2010北京高考：（ ）34. The weather has been very hot and dry. Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be better now! And my vegetables _. A. wouldnt die B. didnt die C. hadnt die D. wouldnt have die （2）错综虚拟语气：关键注意主从句时间状语是否一致，题目中是否有明确的时间状语，这也是很多同学很容易忽略的一点，细心哦！（3）含蓄虚拟条件句：在判断含蓄虚拟条件句时要注意哪部分相当于if条件

24、句，哪部分是主句。若能把“如果”这一意思放进去，则为条件句，另一句则为主句。I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.（otherwise= if I wasnt ill that day,）He telephoned to inform of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.（or= if he hadnt telephoned to inform of your birthday,）注意分析下列句子：A

25、man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.I should have given you more help, but I was too busy.Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly.二、wish后宾语从句的虚拟语气：Wish从句中分别用：过去式现在过去完成式过去should/would+do将来注意：wish宾语从句中的虚拟语气比较有规律，虚拟情况比真实情况往前推一个时态。即学即

26、用：2011北京高考：（） Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they _always late.A. werentB. hadnt beenC. wouldnt beD. wouldnt have been三、其他句型中虚拟语气主要是记重点词：1、I DROP CAPS. 想来同学们对这句话并不会感到陌生，句里每个字母代表一个单词：这些常用的动词是： insist； demand； desire； decide； request； require； order； propose；

27、command； ask； arrange； advise； prefer； suggest.通常情况下，句中出现这些动词，以及其变形（名词或V-ed 形式），句中用虚拟语气，谓语动词部分用should + do来表示，其中should可以省略。特别强调：当suggest意为“暗示、表明”时，insist意为“坚持认为（观点）”时，用正常时态。即学即用：（）1. My sister advised me that I _ accept the invitation. A. could B. must C. should D. might（）2. I insisted that he _ at

28、once. A. be gone B. go C. would go D. might go（ ）3. It is quite natural that my coming late again _ them very angry. A. had made B. would make C. makes D. make补充知识点：在It is necessary / important / strange that,It is a pity/no wonder/good news, It is suggested / demanded / ordered / requested that等引导的

29、从句中，以及in case,lest, for fear that引导的状从中，谓语动词用should+动词原形例句：She put a blanket over the body for fear that he should catch a cold.2、as if/ though; would rather; if only 后的从句中虚拟语气用过去时或过去完成时表示。重难点情态动词对过去推测的虚拟表达法情态动词+have done的用法1.must have done表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为想必/准是/一定是做了某事Jack described his father, w

30、ho_a brave boy many years ago, as a strong|willed man.A. would be B. would have beenC. must be D. must have been2.can/could have done表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中，表示可能已经之意。could have done用于肯定句中表示过去没有实现,意为“本来可以做，事实上却没有做。”cant/couldnt have done表示对过去情况否定的推测，意为不可能做。I really dont know what I yesterday w

31、ithout the bike you lent me.Glad to have been some help to you.A. could do B. should have done C. had doneD. could have done3.may/might have done表示对过去已发生行为的推测，意为也许/或许/已经。一般只用于肯定句或否定句中，不用于疑问句。用 might则表示语气更加不肯定。Might have done表示本来应该或可以做某事之意，含有轻微的责备语气。What a pity! Considering his ability and experience

32、, he better.A. need have done B. must have doneC. can have done D. might have done4.should/ought to have done用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，而实际上未做；用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反而做了。I_have watched that movie.Itll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldnt B. needntC. couldnt D. mustntThere was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You_ but

33、 why didnt you?,A. should come B. must have comeC. may have come D. ought to have come5.neednt have done表示做了本来不必做的事。Mark_have hurried.After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.A. neednt B. wouldnt课堂检测C. mustnt D. couldnt （ ）1. If I _ where he lived, I _ a note to him. A. knew, would

34、sendB. had known, would have sentC. know, would send D. knew, would have sent（ ）2. If they _ earlier than expected, they _ here now. A. had started, would beB. started, might be C. had started, would have beenD. will start, might have been（ ）3. Mary is ill today. If she _, she _ absent from school.

35、A. were not ill; wouldn t beB. had been ill; wouldnt have been C. had been ill; should have beenD. hadnt been ill; could be（ ）4. I _ him the answer _ possible, but I was so busy then. A. could tell; if it had beenB. must have told; were it C. should have told; had it beenD. should have told; should

36、it be（ ）5. Without your help, we_ so much. A. won t achieve B. didn t achieve C. dont achieve D. wouldnt have achieved（ ）6. You didnt take his advice. _ his advice, you _ such a mistake. A. Had you taken; wouldnt have madeB. If you had taken; would make C. Were you lo take; shouldnt have madeD. Have

37、 you taken; wont have made（ ）7. We wish we _ what you did when we were at high school. A. did B. could have done C. had doneD. should do（ ）8. She wishes she _ to the theatre last night. A. wentB. would go C. had gone D. were going（ ）9. Tom is very short now. His mother wishes that he _ be tall when

38、he grows up. A. could B. can C. would D. were able to（ ）10. He asks that he _ an opportunity to explain why hes refused to go there.复习与巩固A. is given B. must give C. should give D. be given1.shall的用法有哪些？_2.默写if条件句的虚拟语气：（三种情况）_3.must的特殊含义：_家庭作业一、单项选择1.I was on the highway when his car went past follow

39、ed by a police car. They _ at least 150 kilometers hour.A. should have been doingB. must have been doingC. could have done D. would have done2.- Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?- Something _ to him.A. must happenB. should have happenedC. could have happenedD. must have happened3.-

40、 Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere. - Well. He _ have gone far-his coat is still here.A. shouldntB. mustntC. cant D. wouldnt4.- There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. - It _ a comfortable journey.A. cant beB. shouldnt beC. mustnt have be

41、enD. couldnt have been5.- Why didnt you come to see me? - I _, but I was too busy yesterday.A. like toB. should like toC. would like to haveD. am going to6.Do you think of Wang Fangs suggestion that he _ Mr. Li to the party?A. will inviteB. have invitedC. is invitedD. invite7.Li Ming insisted that h

42、e _ anything at all.A. hadn t stolenB. shouldn t stealC. doesn t stealD. steal8.He acted as if he _ everything in the world.A. knewB. knowsC. has knownD. wont know9.- If he_ , he _ that food.- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not takeB. had been warned; would not

43、have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken10.I didn t see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother.A. has comeB. did comeC. cameD. had come11.Without electricity, human life _ quite different today.A. isB. will beC. would have beenD

44、. would be12.He _ you more help, even though he was very busy.A. might have givenB. might giveC. may have givenD. may give13.If you _ that film late last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy.A. didnt seeB. havent seenC. wouldnt have seenD. hadnt seen14.His tired face suggested that he _ really tired afte

45、r the long walk.A. had beenB. wasC. beD. should be15.It is important that we _.A. shall close the window before we leaveB. will close the window before we leaveC. must close the window before we leaveD. close the window before we leave16.I_ such a mistake again.A. will never make B. shall never make

46、C. can never doD. need never do17.He began to write two hours ago. He _ have finished the article now.A. mustB. oughtC. would D. had to18.Looking at my determined face, the big boy _ pick up the fight.A. dares not B. dare notC. doesnt dareD. dares not to19. You know that you were driving 100 km an h

47、our, dont you? No officer, I _. This car doesnt do more than 80.A. may not have been B. couldnt have beenC. mustnt have beenD. shouldnt have been20. I havent seen Mr. White for weeks. What _ to him?A. must have happened B. should have happenedC. can have happened D. may happen二、完形填空 Steve, a twelve-

48、year-old boy with alcoholic parents, was failing. Surprisingly, he could read, yet, 21 his reading skills, Steve had been failing since first grade. Steve was a big boy, yet, he went unnoticed. 22 Miss White. Miss White was a smiling, beautiful, young lady. For the first time in his 23 life, Steve couldnt take his eyes off his teacher; yet, 24 he failed. In the middle of the first term, the entire seventh grade was 25 for basic skills. Steve hurried through his