UnitKnowledgeandWisdomPPT课件

1、Bertrand Russell 1950年，罗素获得诺贝尔文学奖，已表彰其年，罗素获得诺贝尔文学奖，已表彰其“多样且重要的作品，持续不断的追求人道主多样且重要的作品，持续不断的追求人道主义理想和思想自由。义理想和思想自由。”In 1950, Russell was made a Nobel Laureate in Literature, “in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought.”第1页/共104

2、页Bertrand Russell Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: theloning for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind.三种既简单又极为强烈的激情一直支配着我的三种既简单又极为强烈的激情一直支配着我的一生：对爱的渴望，对知识的追求和对人类苦一生：对爱的渴望，对知识的追求和对人类苦难不堪忍受的悲哀。难不堪忍受的悲哀。 -Bertrand Russe

3、ll第2页/共104页Proverbs about Knowledge and Wisdom Knowledge speaks, but wisdom listens.Knowledge in youth is wisdom in age.Wisdom is only found in truth.Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand. / Wisdom is more to be envied than riches.Pre-reading Question: How do you define wisdom, knowled

4、ge and their relationship in your life?第3页/共104页Knowledge and Wisdom -Marie Staniforth chap tpn.小伙子，男人，家伙小伙子，男人，家伙 nursery rhyme: poem or song for young children儿歌儿歌;童谣童谣 daft dft adj. 愚笨的愚笨的, 癫狂的癫狂的, 狂闹的狂闹的 respectable a.可敬的；有身价的可敬的；有身价的第4页/共104页 “I said knowledge is knowing that a tomato is a frui

5、t, and wisdom is knowing not to put it in a fruit salad .”第5页/共104页Spiritual Wisdom -Sri Chinmoy What do we mean by the word wisdom? Usually we mean something superior to knowledge, something deeper. In the spiritual world, the word wisdom is not used in that way. Here wisdom means Light, illumining

6、 Light, transforming Light. That which illumines our unlit consciousness is wisdom. That which transforms the finite consciousness into the infinite Consciousness is called wisdom.第6页/共104页Structural Analysis Part 1 (Para 1) - introduce the topic Part 2 (Para 2-5) the main body 4 factors that consit

7、itute wisdom: 1. sense of proportion 2. the ends of human life 3. open-mindedness 4. impartiality第7页/共104页Word Analysis proportion:(TEM-4)comparative part or share of a whole; fractioneg. a large of the earths surface The of the population still speaking the dialect is very small. (of sth to sth) re

8、lation of one thing to another in quantity, size, etc; ratioeg. The of imports to exports is worrying the government. the of passes to failures in the final exam第8页/共104页Word Analysis proportion:(TEM-4)correct or ideal relation in size, degree, etc between one thing and another or between the parts

9、of a whole: in / out of eg. the two windows are in admirable .proportional: corresponding in size, amount or degree (to sth); in correct 第9页/共104页Word Analysis E-CA fixed of the fund is invested in British firms.What is the of men to women in the population.Try to draw the figures in the foreground

10、in . C-E他的薪金与工作量成比例，但与花费的时间不成比例。他的薪金与工作量成比例，但与花费的时间不成比例。His payment is in to / proportional to the (amount of ) work done, but not in to / proportional to the time taken to it.第10页/共104页Word Analysis end: n. aim or purpose gain / win / achieve ones ends 达到目的达到目的 with this end in view / to this end 以

11、此为目标以此为目标/未未达到此目的达到此目的 (saying) the end justifies the means: even wrong or unfair methods may be allowed if the result or purpose of the action is good. 只要目的只要目的正当，可以不择手段。正当，可以不择手段。第11页/共104页Word Analysisnimpartial: adj. not favoring one person or thing more than another; fair or neutral eg. an judg

12、e, judgmentnimpartiality: n. showed complete in discussing these sensitive issues.nimpartially: adv. treat prisoners 第12页/共104页Word Analysisnpartial: (TEM 4) adj.of or forming a part; not complete eg. a success / a eclipse of sun (towards sb / sth) showing too much favor to one person or side; biase

13、d eg. The referee was accused of being sb / sth : having a strong liking for sb / sth eg. Hes to a glass of brandy after dinner.第13页/共104页Text Analysis第14页/共104页Part 1What is the commonly accepted in terms of knowledge and wisdom?Most people believe that knowledge is not equal to wisdom as history h

14、as suggested that the acquisition of knowledge does not necessarily lead to the increase of wisdom.第15页/共104页Language Points in Part 1 surpass: (fml) vt. be even better or greater than sb. or sth. else. eg. As the saying goes, the latecomers the early starter. expectations / hopes / dreamsnsurpassin

15、g: a. (fml) of high quality or degree; exceptional eg. beauty第16页/共104页Language Points in Part 1 surpassC-E 你今天特别行！你今天特别行！ 我万万没想到风景那么漂亮。我万万没想到风景那么漂亮。 yourself expectation第17页/共104页Language Points in Part 1 cease: vi. to stop doing something； n.The rain has ceased. Without cease cease-fire Wonders wi

16、ll never cease.(Proverb)第18页/共104页Part 2- Para 2Skim and scan paragraph 2 and judge the following statement true / false:It has become more and more difficult for scientists and technicians to obtain a sense of proportion.第19页/共104页Language Points in Para 2 Take account of = take something into acco

17、unt His exam results were not very good, but we must his long illness.他的考试成绩不好，但是我们必须考虑到他曾他的考试成绩不好，但是我们必须考虑到他曾经长期生病。经长期生病。第20页/共104页Language Points in Para 2 The teachers promised to take account of the wishes of the parents before making any changes.教师们答应在做出变更之前要考虑家长的愿望。教师们答应在做出变更之前要考虑家长的愿望。第21页/共1

18、04页Language Points in Para 2 Attach to1）To cause to belong to for a limited period 使参加，使属于使参加，使属于During the war I was attached to the naval college as an instructor.第22页/共104页Language Points in Para 2 战争期间我被分配到海军军事学院当教官。战争期间我被分配到海军军事学院当教官。I got lost, so I attached myself to another party of tourists

19、.我由于迷了路，所以只好加入另一个旅行团。我由于迷了路，所以只好加入另一个旅行团。第23页/共104页 What does sense of proportion mean? 第24页/共104页 The writer explains what sense of proportion means-the ability to take account of all the importan factors in a problem and to attach to each its due weight. In other words, it refers to the abiliy to

20、judge correctly what facors are of more importance and what are of less importance. In the article, comprehesiveness is also used to refer to this ability. 第25页/共104页 Of these I should first put a sense of proportion: the capacity to take account of all the important factors in a problem and to atta

21、ch to each its due weight.Explain the underlined part in your own words please.第26页/共104页 consider (when judging a situation)/take into consideration. give proper value to each/attach adequate importance to each.第27页/共104页Language Points in Para 2 due: a. (TEM 4)(作表语作表语) (to sb): owed as a debt or a

22、n obligation （for sth）: owed sth; deserving sth to do sth: scheduled; arranged; expected requiring immediate payment(作定语作定语) suitable; right; propereg. after consideration第28页/共104页Language Points in Para 2 due: a. (TEM 4) E-CShe is for promotion soon.Have they been paid the money to them.My rent is

23、nt due till Wednesday.His is book is to be published in October.第29页/共104页Language Points in Para 2 due to / owing to He was late _ the very heavy traffic. Accidents _ driving at high speed were very common that weekend. _ the rain, the match was cancelled. 第30页/共104页Language Points in Para 2 specta

24、cular: (TEM 4) adj. (syn) magnificent, brilliantmaking a very fine display or showeg. a display of fireworks / a waterfall / scene / sight / view / building(attracting attention because) impressive or extraordinaryeg. success/ miracles / sound第31页/共104页Language Points in Para 2 spectacular: (TEM 4)

25、n. impressive show/performance, spectacle spectacle: n.- grand display, procession, performanceeg. The ceremonial opening of the Asian Games was a fine .- impressive, remarkable or interesting sighteg. The sunrise seen from high in the mountains was a tremendous .(idm) make a of oneself 第32页/共104页La

26、nguage Points in Para 2 disinterested VS uninterestedCompare the meaning of “interested”: I am very in local history. The lawyer invited the parties to discuss the problem. disinterested / uninterested She seemed completely _in what I had to tell her about my new job. In financial matters, it is imp

27、ortant to get _ advice.第33页/共104页Part 2-Para 3Skim and scan paragraph 2 and judge the following statement true / false:Historians should be impartial and avoid being affected by their sentiment.第34页/共104页Part 2- Para 3Refer to Para 3. Here Hegals example tells us that historians should view facts th

28、rough the right means of passions as well as a wide scope of knowledge.第35页/共104页Part 2- Para 3According to the writer, how are feelings related to wisdom?(the author gives us an example to illustrate this)第36页/共104页Part 2- Para 3If one harbors narrow feelings,his research and study could be harmful

29、 to the society. The research could be done in the interest of a small group; the result of his study could be biased. So knowledgeable as he is, he is not a wise man. 第37页/共104页Part 2- Para 3 To implant wisdom, one is required to make efforts to restrain the narrow personal feelings and have a more

30、 extensive passion for human life. This is why wisdom consists not only of the ability of judging what is most important but also of an awareness of the goals of human life.第38页/共104页Language Points in Para 3 constitute: - to form or make up (fml)不用于进行时不用于进行时eg. The 50 states that constitute the USA

31、 组成组成美国的美国的50个州个州Your attitude constitutes a direct challenge to my authority.你的态度成了对我权威的直接挑战。你的态度成了对我权威的直接挑战。第39页/共104页Language Points in Para 3 constitute: - to formally establish or appoint 制定制定,设设立立 eg. Government should be constituted by the will of the people.政府应依人民的意志而设立政府应依人民的意志而设立第40页/共104页

32、Language Points in Para 3 eminent (TEM4): a. - famous and admiredeg. Even the most eminent doctors could not cure him.甚至是最杰出的医生都治不好他的病。甚至是最杰出的医生都治不好他的病。 He is eminent as a sculptor and as a portrait painter.他既是接触的雕刻家又是著名的肖像画家。他既是接触的雕刻家又是著名的肖像画家。第41页/共104页Language Points in Para 3 eminent (TEM4): a.

33、- （of qualities）remarkable; outstandingeg. a man of goodness第42页/共104页Language Points in Para 3 eminent, distinguished, outstandingOutstanding 指指“优秀优秀”，可指与周围事物截然不同，可指与周围事物截然不同的特征；的特征；Distinguished 强调得到公认或礼遇的殊荣；强调得到公认或礼遇的殊荣；Eminent语气最强烈，比较严肃，指一种固定的，受语气最强烈，比较严肃，指一种固定的，受人尊敬的价值或品质，也指那些最受人尊崇的某一阶人尊敬的价值或品质

34、，也指那些最受人尊崇的某一阶层人士。层人士。第43页/共104页Language Points in Para 3 eminent, distinguished, outstandingHe lost his way because there was no _ landmark.The _ scientist recently won the Nobel Prize.His is man of _ fairness.第44页/共104页Language Points in Para 3 distort (TEM4): v. (distortion n.)- give a false or d

35、ishonest account ofeg. The government were accused of having systematically distorted the protesters case.-pull or twist (sth) out of its usual shapeeg. a face distorted by pain-Make (sth) look unusualeg. a distorting mirror The announcement was so distorted that I couldnt understand what was said.第

36、45页/共104页Language Points in Para 3 inculcate (fml)- Fix the idea in the mind of sb.反复灌输反复灌输 sth (in/into sb); sb with sthC-E eg. They inculcate the will to succeed in all their children. They inculcate all their children with the will to succeed.他们向子女反复灌输立志成功的决心。他们向子女反复灌输立志成功的决心。第46页/共104页Language P

37、oints in Para 3 standard-bearer: an outstanding leader of a political movement eg. One of the standard-bearers of the anti-nuclear movement.反核运动的领导者之一。反核运动的领导者之一。第47页/共104页Language Points in Para 3 by no means - in no sense; certainly not 并没有；绝不：并没有；绝不：eg. This remark by no means should be taken lig

38、htly.这次讲话绝不能等闲视之这次讲话绝不能等闲视之.第48页/共104页Part 2- Para 4Skim and scan paragraph 4 and judge the following statement true / false:A nationalist extremist is not wise.第49页/共104页Part 2- Para 4Refer to Para 4A nationalist extremist holds an unjustified prejudice against other people, which signifies a lack

39、of wisdom. 第50页/共104页Part 2- Para 4Refer to Para 4A nationalist extremist holds an unjustified prejudice against other people, which signifies a lack of wisdom. 第51页/共104页Language points in Para 4nemancipation (TEM4): n.nemancipate: v. sb (from sth)- set sb free, esp from political, legal or social

40、restriction eg. slavesWomen are still struggling to be fully emancipated.第52页/共104页Language points in Para 4nattain- to gain or achieve after long effort 达到，达到，获得获得 She attained rank of deputy director.她晋她晋升为副局长。升为副局长。attain ones objective/goal/ambitionnattainable第53页/共104页Language points in Para 4n

41、attainment: n.- success in reachingThe attainment of her ambitions was still a dream.- thing attained, esp skill or knowledgea scholar of the highest attainments第54页/共104页 Even an end which it would be noble to pursue if it were attainable may be pursued unwisely if it is inherently impossible of ac

42、hievement. Explain the sentence in your own words please.第55页/共104页 It would be unwise to pursue a goal that is bound to fail though it might be noble to do so. attainable: cacapable of being attained or accomplished ; choose an attainable goal; inherent: in the nature of something though not readil

43、y apparent 第56页/共104页Language points in Para 4nelixir: n.- a substance believed to cure all ills E - Ceg. Dont imagine that lowing inflation is an elixir for all our economic ills.不要以为减少通货膨胀率就是医治我们所有不要以为减少通货膨胀率就是医治我们所有的经济弊端的灵丹妙药。的经济弊端的灵丹妙药。第57页/共104页Language points in Para 4nconfer: 1) with sb on/ab

44、out sth have discussion (esp in order to exchange opinions or get advice)C-E eg. She confer with her advisers about both private and business issues before announcing a decision.她先去请教顾问然后再来宣布私人她先去请教顾问然后再来宣布私人问题或生意问题方面的决定。问题或生意问题方面的决定。第58页/共104页Language points in Para 4nconfer: 2) sth on sb to offici

45、ally give sb. a title, honor, favor, etc, especially as a reward for something they have achieved. granteg. An honorary degree was conferred on him by the University.第59页/共104页 No doubt, if they could have found them, they would have conferred great benefits upon mankind, but as it was their lives w

46、ere wasted. Explain the underlined part please.第60页/共104页 Certainly/Very probably brought a good and helpful effect to mankind. in reality/ in actual situation第61页/共104页as it was VS. as it is VS. as it wereI thought things would get better, but as it is, they are getting worse.We expected to arrive

47、at 6:30 p.m., but as it was, we arrived at 6:40 p.m.He becomes, as it were, a man without a country.第62页/共104页as it were表示，as it used to be, 在任何情况下，比如句子前半部分无论主语是单数是负数或者无论时态怎么样，此处一律写成as it were eg. The responsibility of protecting the environment is, as it were, with everybody. The guests sitting on

48、that table were, as it were, Mr. and Mrs. Smiths. 第63页/共104页To descend to less heroic matters, consider the case of two men, Mr. A and Mr. B, who hate each other and, through matual hatred, bring each other to destruction.Explain the underlined part please.第64页/共104页talk (disapprovingly) about somet

49、hing less worthy or less important.destroy or ruin each otherheroic: very imposing or impressive; surpassing the ordinary (especially in size or scale); 第65页/共104页descend: （TEM 4） 1）（fml）move downward or lowereg. The balloon descended gradually as the air came out.2) (fml) (of night, darkness) falle

50、g. Night descends quickly in winter.descend to: do or say sth that is mean and unworthy第66页/共104页 Vice: (TEM 4) - badness of character (性格上的)缺陷，弱点，邪恶) Would you like a whisky? No, thanks; alcohol isnt one of my vices. 我没贪杯这个习惯 Seven deadly sins VS Seven Holy Virtues 第67页/共104页instill: to teach sb. t

51、o think, behave, or feel in a particular way over a period of time 逐渐灌输，逐步培养 eg. instill confidence/fear/discipline etc into sb 第68页/共104页C-EA managers job is to instill determination into his players. 经理人的工作就是逐渐培养组员们的信心。We instilled the need for discipline and obedience into the new recruits. 我们逐渐使

52、新兵懂得遵守纪律和服从命令的必要性。第69页/共104页Part 2- Para 5Refer to Para 5 Judge whether the statement true/false:To be wise means to get rid of the physical restraint entirely and ascend to the spiritual world.第70页/共104页The mistake lies in the extremity of the statement. According to Russell, man can not free himse

53、lf entirely from the physical and emotional need, so one can only grow in wisdom, which itself is a matter of degree.第71页/共104页be bound up with : be intimately involved in, dependent on eg. The survival of these creatures is intimately bound up with the health of the ocean.第72页/共104页What does convin

54、cing each that the other has only the normal share of human wickedness suggest?This suggests that all humans are wicked to some extent.第73页/共104页descend: （TEM 4） 1）（fml）move downward or lowereg. The balloon descended gradually as the air came out.2) (fml) (of night, darkness) falleg. Night descends

55、quickly in winter.descend to: do or say sth that is mean and unworthy第74页/共104页What does This is of course a matter of degree. mean?第75页/共104页descend: （TEM 4） 1）（fml）move downward or lowereg. The balloon descended gradually as the air came out.2) (fml) (of night, darkness) falleg. Night descends qui

56、ckly in winter.descend to: do or say sth that is mean and unworthy第76页/共104页The writer suggests that people cannot avoid being partial. The difference between a wise man and an unwise man is the former has lesser degree of partiality, as one becomes more impartial, his wisdom grows. 第77页/共104页What,

57、according to Russell, is the essence of wisdom? And how can one acquire the very essence?第78页/共104页 According to Russell, the essence of wisdom lies in impartiality, the ability to defy the physical world. Russell believes the process of growing wise is that of tearing oneself away from the physical

58、 and emotional worlds and moving into a higher stage, the spiritual world. 第79页/共104页intellectual VS intelligentIntellectual:n a. of or belonging to the intellect n a. of, interested in or able to deal with things of the mind (eg the arts, ideas for their own sake) 1)n. a person who is well informed

59、 and intelligent 第80页/共104页intellectual VS intelligentIntelligent: having or showing intelligence 第81页/共104页desirable VS desirousdesirable: worth having; to be wished foreg. a solutiondesirous: (fml/rhet) of sth/doing sth/thateg. of peace of restoring relations between our two nations 第82页/共104页unde

60、sirable:1) likely to cause trouble/inconvenience; unwantedeg. The drug has no effects.2) (of a person, his habits, etc) of a kind not to be welcomed in society, objectiveeg. She is a most influence. 第83页/共104页Keys to exercises:Vocabulary exercises:1. 1. help to cultivate or foster2. consider ( when