名词性从句(ruth)

1、名词性从句名词性从句一、相关概念一、相关概念二、种类二、种类三、常见引导词三、常见引导词四、七大常考考点四、七大常考考点1. thatwhatwhich 2. it形式主语、宾语的用法形式主语、宾语的用法3. 语序问题语序问题 4. 同位语从句和定从的区别同位语从句和定从的区别5. whatwhatever 6. ifwhether 7. 虚拟语气问题虚拟语气问题五、高考例题五、高考例题名词性从句名词性从句.相关概念1.1.名词名词：表示人或事物的名称的词：表示人或事物的名称的词2.2.名词的句法作用名词的句法作用：名词在句中主要作：名词在句中主要作主语主语, ,宾语宾语, ,表语和同位语表语

2、和同位语。另外还可以。另外还可以作作定语定语, ,状语状语。3.3.名词性从句名词性从句： 在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的充当的主语主语、宾语宾语、表语表语和和同位语同位语，由，由一个句子来充当一个句子来充当, ,这个句子就叫这个句子就叫: :名词性从句。名词性从句。1. When we will start is not clear.2. Mrs Black wont believe that her son has become a thief.3. My idea is that we should do it right now.4. I had

3、 no idea that you were her friend.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句（动词、介词、形容词之后的宾从）（动词、介词、形容词之后的宾从）二、二、 名词性从句的种类名词性从句的种类1）从属连词）从属连词that只引导，本身无意义，仅起只引导，本身无意义，仅起引导作用。（引导宾语从句时引导作用。（引导宾语从句时省，但是如省，但是如果是并列的多个宾语从句，只能省第一个）果是并列的多个宾语从句，只能省第一个）2）连接代词）连接代词who, whom, what, which, whoever,whatever, whichever等，有意

4、义，作成分等，有意义，作成分3）连接副词）连接副词where, when, how, why等，有意义等，有意义,在句中作状语在句中作状语4）从属连词）从属连词if, whether（是否）（是否）(if 只能引导动词、只能引导动词、形容词之后的宾语从句形容词之后的宾语从句)三：常见引导词三：常见引导词 1._he said has nothing to do with you.2. _well start tomorrow will be told soon.3. _he did such a thing satisfied me.4_ we can protect cultural rel

5、ics needs to be discussed.WhatWhenThatHow名词性从句名词性从句七大常考考点七大常考考点考点考点1：连接词：连接词： that 与与 what 的区别的区别What we cant get seems better than what we have. That (a new teacher will come to our school ) is true.that 只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不 充当任何成分充当任何成分 what 既有连接作用，既有连接作用， 又要在从句中作成分又要在从句中作成分（ 主语，宾语，主语，

6、宾语， 表语）表语）( 的东西的东西;物物;话话;时时间间;地点地点;人物人物;数目等不同概念数目等不同概念) 1. After five hours drive, they reached was the place theyd been dreaming of. 2. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at was a dangerous speed. 3. The way he did it was different from we were used to. 4. _ the earth is round

7、is known to us all.5. Father made a promise _ if I passed the examination he would buy me a computer.whatwhat whatThatthatB : what (什么什么) / which ( 表选择表选择, 哪哪一个一个) 1. -Do you know_Mr Blacks address is ? -He may live at No. 18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. Im not sure of _. 2. I read about it in some b

8、ook or other, does it matter _ it was? whatwhichwhich1）_ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether高考题选萃高考题选萃2)_ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A.What B. That C. The fact D. The matter3) Theres a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is - n

9、ot ever. A. that B. which C. of which D. what 1. 他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。_ is a pity .2. 他来不来不重要。他来不来不重要。_doesnt matter.It doesnt matter whetherThat he made such a mistakeIt is a pity that考点考点 2 ：it作形式主语作形式主语,形式宾语的用法形式宾语的用法 it 作形式主语作形式主语Whether he will come or not It is well known/reported/ thou

10、ght/said that It is clear/necessary/certain/true that It is a pity/a shame/an honor that It doesnt matter whether It seems that It happens that 1. _is known to all, Taiwan is only part of China. A. As B. That C. Which D. What 2. It is known to all_ Taiwan is only part of China.A. as B. that C. if D.

11、 for 3. It was on Sunday _ I met him. A. that B. when C. what D. which （非限制性定语从句）（非限制性定语从句）（强调句）（强调句）主语从句主语从句 * (2) it 指代后面从句所叙述的内容，指代后面从句所叙述的内容， 常用于这些动词后，常用于这些动词后， like/dislike/love/hate /appreciate/make+it 后后常跟常跟if 或或when从句从句b. it 作形式宾语作形式宾语*(1) make /find/ feel / consider / think it + adj / n + t

12、hat / to doI hate it when people laugh at the disabled .*(3) depend on it that1. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A. this B. that C. it D. one2. You may depend on _ that your parents will help you whenever you need it. A. them B. yourself C. it D. me 1. The photographs wi

13、ll show you _ A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 考点考点3 3 语序问题语序问题2. You can hardly imagine _when he heard the news.A. how he was excitedB. how was he excitedC. how excited he wasD. he was how excited3. He

14、asked_for a violin.A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 在名词性从句中，在名词性从句中， 除了关联词要提除了关联词要提到句首之外，一律要用陈述句语序。到句首之外，一律要用陈述句语序。4. What time do you think _? will Besty come here B. Besty will come hereC. is Besty coming hereD. can Besty get here疑问词疑问词+do you think

15、suggestbelievesuppose +陈述语序陈述语序考点考点4 同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句和定语从句的区别 同位语从句一般跟在名词同位语从句一般跟在名词fact, news, promise, truth, belief, thought, idea, answer, information, knowledge, doubt, hope, law, opinion, plan, suggestion后面后面, 用以说用以说明或解释前面的名词的内容。明或解释前面的名词的内容。定语从句：对先行词起修饰限制作用定语从句：对先行词起修饰限制作用The news that she

16、passed the exam excited her parents.The news that we know from her excited all of us.解释说明；解释说明；that在从句中不充当成分在从句中不充当成分但是不能省。但是不能省。修饰限定；修饰限定；that在从句中有成分、在从句中有成分、作宾语时可以省。作宾语时可以省。同位语从句同位语从句定语从定语从句句1. The suggestion that he should not go there is of great value.2. The suggestion that he made is of great

17、value.3. The fact that he won the first place cant be denied.4. The fact that he told me excited me.同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句注注: 1. 同位语从句多用同位语从句多用that 引导。引导。2. 在在have no idea 之后常用之后常用wh-引引导同位语从句导同位语从句。 I have no idea where he has gone.I have no idea when he did it.I have no idea what he d

18、id.v1._ was said here must be kept secret.v2. _we need is more time.v3._ made the long distance call to him is not important.v4._ breaks the law will be punished. WhateverWhatWhoWhoever考点考点5. 选择填空选择填空（what, whatever, who, whoever)v _等引导的等引导的名词性从句名词性从句不含有疑问意义不含有疑问意义，相，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而当于名词后加一个定语从句，而v_等

19、引导的等引导的名词性从句都名词性从句都含有疑问意义含有疑问意义。whoever, whateverwho, what 请你归纳请你归纳who, whoever/what,whatever ?1._ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A.Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever2. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests. A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter w

20、ho 注：注：wh-ever 既可引导名词性从句既可引导名词性从句又可引导让步状语从句又可引导让步状语从句no matter wh- 只引导让步状语从句只引导让步状语从句 3. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 考点考点6.用用if 或或whether 填空填空v1. I dont know _Ill be free tomorrow.v2. It seemed as if he was indi

21、fferent(漠然漠然)_ he could get into a lifeboat.v3. The question is _ this book is worth writing.whether / ifwhetherifv4. It depends on _ we will have enough money.v5. _ they can do it matters little to us.a. 主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、 介词后面的宾语从句只能用介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether， 不能用不能用if ；b. 后面紧跟后面紧跟 or not

22、时时, 用用whether;c. 宾语从句是否定结构时只用宾语从句是否定结构时只用if;whetherWhether 1._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where1. 在在order，suggest（建议），（建议），demand，request，advise，insist(坚持应该坚持应该)等所接的等所接的宾语宾语从句从句中用中用should 型虚拟语气。型虚拟语气。should 常省略常省略。 2. 在在order，suggestion等名词后等名词后同位语从句，

23、表同位语从句，表语从句语从句中用中用should 型虚拟语气，可省略型虚拟语气，可省略should。3. 在在as if，as though引导的引导的表语从句表语从句中，在必要中，在必要的情况下应用过去式虚拟语气。的情况下应用过去式虚拟语气。考点考点7虚拟语气问题虚拟语气问题4. 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等理应如此等,谓语动词用虚拟语气谓语动词用虚拟语气“(should) +do”,常用的句型有常用的句型有：（1）It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that.

24、（2） It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that. （3） It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that.如如: It is strange that she (should) think so. 1. It is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language. A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master 2. His suggest

25、ion was that we_another meeting to discuss the question. A. hold B. would hold C. held D. holding 5. wish后，从句中的时态在原本的时态上退一步，后，从句中的时态在原本的时态上退一步，即即 wish that 过去时过去时(跟现在相反跟现在相反)would +v. (跟将来相反跟将来相反)had done (跟过去相反跟过去相反)I wish that I _that film star yesterday.A. saw B. had seen C. would see D. has seen

26、 would rather that sb. did sth. sb. had done 五五. 高考例题高考例题1. Some pre-school children go to a day care center, _they can learn simple games and songs. A. then B. there C. while D. where 2. _matters most in learning English is enough practice.A. That B. Why C. What D. Which 3. We shouldnt have spent o

27、ur money testing so many people, most of _ are healthy.A. that B. which C. what D. whom 4. _he referred to in his article was unkown to the general reader. A. That B. What C. Whether D. Where5. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing. A. when

28、 B. whose C. which D. where 6. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make_ it is.A. what B. that C. how D. where7. The village has developed a lot _ we learned farming two years ago.A. when B. which C. that D. where 8. It is none of your business _ other

29、 people think about you. Believe yourself.A. how B. what C. which D. when 9. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? Thats _ the best jobs are.A. where B. what C. when D. why 10. His movie won several awards at the film festival, _ was beyond his wildest dream. A. which B. that C. where D. it 11. The t

30、raditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed ”to make us do so. A. when B. why C. whether D. that 找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律： 1. Can you tell me how many students are there in your class? 2. I dont know where has he gone. 3. The owner of the shop came to see what the matte

31、r was. Can you tell me how many students there are in your class?I dont know where he has gone.The owner of the shop came to see what was the matter.规律一：名词从句中须使用陈述语序！规律一：名词从句中须使用陈述语序！找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：4. We suggested that we would go to the cinema.5. My idea is that we must do our

32、homework first.6. His proposal that we went there on foot is acceptable. We suggested that we (should) go to the cinema.My idea is that we (should) do our homework first.His proposal that we (should) go there on foot.规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！问题：此类虚拟语气有哪些关键词？问题：此类虚拟语气有哪些关键词？找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句

33、子中的错误，并总结出规律：7. If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.8. It depends on if the weather is suitable for us to do it.9. The question is if he himself will be present at the meeting.10. He asked me if I could go with him or not. Whether we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.It depends

34、 on whether the weather is .The question is whether he himself will be present .He asked me whether I could go with him or not. 规律三：规律三：4 4种情况只能用种情况只能用whether whether ： （1 1）位于句子开头；位于句子开头； （2 2）前面有介词；）前面有介词； （3 3）引导表语从句；）引导表语从句； （4 4）与）与or notor not连用。连用。找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：I think t

35、hat worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books.2. That is hard to decide when and where we will held our sports meeting.3. Everybody considers it impossible which he wants to finish the job in such a short time. 4. It doesnt matter that you will come or not.ititthatwhether规律四：主语从句和宾语从句在适当

36、的情况规律四：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况 下可以借助下可以借助 “it it” 而后置。而后置。问题：想想看是什么问题：想想看是什么“适当的情况适当的情况”？名词从句与定语从句名词从句与定语从句 的主要区别的主要区别 成分上的区别：成分上的区别： 名词从句和定语从句分别在句中充当什么名词从句和定语从句分别在句中充当什么 样的成分？样的成分？1. How the prisoner escaped remains a mystery.2. I wonder whether/if he is fit for the job.3. The problem is who will be equal

37、to the task.4. He had no idea whether we could overcome the present difficulties or not.主语主语宾语宾语表语表语同位语同位语5. I visited the country which/that had been bombed by the US-led NATO (美国为首的北约美国为首的北约) a month before6. I shall never forget the years when I lived in the countryside with the farmers, which ha

38、s a great effect on my life. 7. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm., by which time many people have gone home.8. I had never seen such a good film as I watched last night. 结论一：结论一： 名词从句充当句子的主要成分；名词从句充当句子的主要成分； 定于从句充当句子的修饰成分。定于从句充当句子的修饰成分。 2. 引导词含义上的区别：引导词含义上的区别： 引导词是否指向句中的某个

39、成分？引导词是否指向句中的某个成分？1. That he came back made us very happy.2. Im sorry (that) Ive made a mistake.3. The fact is that his bark is worse than his bite.4. Word came that he would come to see us all.5. He made another wonderful discovery, which I think is of great importance to science.6. Kennedy and Joh

40、nson, both of whom were murdered in their terms, once co-worked as president and vice-president 7. The Oscar is one of the film prizes that have not been offered to any Chinese actor or actress by far8. The Oscar is the only one of the film prizes that has not been offered to any Chinese actor or ac

41、tress by far 9. The days are gone forever when we used foreign oil.10. As we all know, China is a developing country.11. This is the village where my father once lived for several years.12. 1980, when Chinese government began its reform, is an important year for China. 结论二：结论二：定语从句的引导词在语义上定语从句的引导词在语

42、义上具有指代先行词的作用。具有指代先行词的作用。名词从句的引导词不具备此功能。名词从句的引导词不具备此功能。3. 关于关于that: that 在名词从句和定语从句中各起什么作用？在名词从句和定语从句中各起什么作用？1. He pretended (that) he didnt see me. That she lost her necklace on the way home made her so worried. It is necessary that we should learn a second language.4. It is said that he works hard

43、at English.问题：问题：that 作何成分？作何成分？ The school that my sister studies at is far from here. The first request that he made was to ask for freedom.7. It was said that that was all that he said.8. Is this the house that you have bought yourself?(which)(which)问题：问题：that 作何成分？作何成分？结论三：结论三：名词从句中的名词从句中的 that

44、that 只起引导词的作用，只起引导词的作用，无任何意义。无任何意义。定语从句中的定语从句中的that that 在从句中充当主语或宾语，在从句中充当主语或宾语，有时可以与有时可以与 which which 互换。互换。4. 引导词的不同：引导词的不同： 不会出现在名词从句中的关系词：不会出现在名词从句中的关系词： 不会出现在定语从句中的关系词：不会出现在定语从句中的关系词：as, 且且 when, where 等不能与等不能与 in/on/at which 互换。互换。whether, if, what, how5、名词从句与定语从句的一些对应关系：、名词从句与定语从句的一些对应关系：1.

45、He has done what he can to help me. -He has done _ _ he can to help me. What I want to say has nothing to do with it. -_ _ I want to say has nothing to do with it. all thatAll that 3. Whoever breaks the law is to be punished._ _ breaks the law is to be punished.4. He will give the dictionary to whoe

46、ver needs if most. He will give the dictionary to _ _ needs it most. 5. Well remember whomever we turned to for help. Well remember _ _ we turned to for help.6. They will do whatever he wants them to do.They will do _ _he wants them to do. 7. Ill read whichever book you give me.Ill read _ of the boo

47、ks _ you give me. Anyone whoanyone whoAnyone (whom)anything thatanythat6、其余问题：、其余问题：1. 误：误：I dont know if he comes back this month.2. 误：误：I have no idea what had happened when I was away.正：正：I dont know if he will come back this month.正：正：I have no idea what happened when I was away.3.误：误：The reason

48、 is because he is ill.4.误：误：Who leaves last turns off the light.正：正：The reason is that he is ill.正：正：Whoever leaves last turns off the light.1.I ask her _ come with me. A. if she will B. if will she C. whether will she D. will she 2._ he said is true. A. What B. That C. Which D. Whether 3.Can you te

49、ll me _? A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman 4.He didnt know which room _. A. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in 5.To get the job started, _ I need is some money. A. only what B. all what C. all that D. on

50、ly that 6.I have no idea _ far the railway station is from here. A. what B. how C. its D. that 7.Can you tell me _ the railway station? A. how I can get to B. what can I get to C. where I can got to D. where can I get to 8.Do you know _? A. what is his name B. how is his name C. what his name is D.

51、how his name is 9._ you have done might do harm to other people. A. That B. What C. Which D. This 10.They have no idea at all _. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone 11.They want to know _ do to help us. A. what can they B. what they can C. how they

52、 can D. how can they 12.These photographs will show you _. A. what our village looks like B. what does our village look like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 13.Can you make sure _ the gold ring? A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put 14.No one can be sure _ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like D. what look man like 15._ the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That 16.Go and get your coat. Its