五、动名词、现在分词、过去分词(V+ing结构)

1、动名词、现在分词动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构结构)l动名词、现在分词在形式上无区别，动名词具有名词名词性质，而现在分词具有形容词、副词形容词、副词性质。动名词、现在分词动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构结构)l一般地，Ving 结构作主语、表语、动词宾语、介词宾语、前置定语时为动名词，后置定语、状语时为现在分词。动名词、现在分词动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构结构)l动名词：既具有动词的性质，后可接宾语，可用副词修饰语，又占据名词的位置，可作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语和补语。动名词、现在分词动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构结构)一一l作主语作主语 Learning without pr

2、actice is no good.l作主语时有时用it引导的形式主语。 It is no good learning without practice. It is worthwhile discussing the question again.动名词、现在分词动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构结构)二二作表语作表语 Our duty is making instruments.动名词、现在分词动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构结构)三三作动词宾语作动词宾语l下列动词只接动名词作宾语：下列动词只接动名词作宾语：admit, avoid, deny, dislike, enjoy, excu

3、se, finish, mind, miss(错过)，practice, require, suggest, risk, consider, admit, favor, delay, postpone, endure, escape, appreciate, cant help.Have you finished repairing the tape recorder?l可接动名词和不定式作宾语的词，但有些意义不同：可接动名词和不定式作宾语的词，但有些意义不同：attempt, begin, continue, forget, remember, hate, learn, like, love

4、, prefer, need, regret, start, stop, try, wantThey began studying computer last week.动名词、现在分词动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构结构)四四1. remember, forget, regret lCant you remember telling me the story last night? lYou must remember to tell him the news.lI dont regret telling her what I thought.2. need, wantlThe lette

5、r needs signing. =The letter needs to be signed. lThe house wants repairing. = The house wants to be repaired.动名词、现在分词动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构结构)五五3. stop , go onlThey stopped (talking) to work. They stopped working.lWorkers went on discussing the problem. Workers went on to discuss the problem.4. try: try

6、 to V：设法做某事 try ving ：尝试、试一试lLets trying doing the work this way. l Ill work hard, and try to improve.动名词、现在分词动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构结构)六六l5. mean: mean to V：企图干、打算干 mean Ving：意味着lFailing this exam means waiting for a year.lI meant to have told you about it, but I forget to do so.动名词、现在分词动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构

7、结构)七七l作介词宾语作介词宾语lThey insisted on going home immediately after the final exam. lI look forward to her coming soon. l I am proud of having such a son.lHow about going there? lWhat about having a concert?动名词、现在分词动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构结构)八八l作宾补作宾补 两类词可接动名词作宾补：1. 感官及心理状态的词：hear, feel, see, listen to, look at

8、, smell, watch, find, notice, observelI heard him walking to this way. lHe felt someone touching his shoulder.动名词、现在分词动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构结构)九九2. 表示“致使”等意义的词：keep, have, leave, get, catch, setlIm sorry to have kept you waiting for me so long.lWhat you have told left me thinking that you experienced muc

9、h when you were young.动名词、现在分词动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构结构)十十l注意：注意：see, hear, feel, watch, notice等接Ving时，表示动作正在发生，即处于发生的过程中，还未结束。l接to V时，表示动作发生了，即动作全过程结束。lI saw him coming out of the house. l I saw him come out of the house and drive away by his motor.lI hear somebody shouting outside. l I heard him knock a

10、t the door.动名词、现在分词动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构结构)十一十一作定语作定语 :一般地，前置定语为动名词, 后置定语为现在分词lThese passages may be used as listening material. (动名词)lHe executed many cycles of painting expressing significant social themes. (现在分词)动名词、现在分词动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构结构)十二十二动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态和语态:l一般时态: doing l被动语态: being done l完成时态:

11、having done l完成时态被动语态: having been done 动名词、现在分词动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构结构)十三十三l动名词的逻辑主语动名词的逻辑主语:动名词具有动词的性质外, 还具有名词的性质,即可附加物主代词和名词的格来表示其逻辑主语。物主代词 +动名词:lAre you surprised at my visiting? l Do you mind his smoking?做宾语时, 在口语中常用: Do you mind him smoking?名词所有格+动名词: lToms going there brings prospects to the loca

12、l people.在正式文体中, 多用:lTom going there brings prospects to the local people.lPhilip coming home is a great pleasure to his parents.动名词、现在分词动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构结构)十四十四l现在分词作状语- A) 表示时间(when, while) 1. 现在分词的一般时态Ving , 现在分词的动作与主句谓语动词同时发生。lComing to the room, I found him sobbing. = When I came to the room, I

13、 found him sobbing.lWhen arriving home, he found the door opened. lHe listened to the music radio while reading.动名词、现在分词动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构结构)十五十五2. 现在分词的完成时态having Ved, 现在分词的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前。lHaving been there 3 times, he doesnt want to travel to Beijing on this holiday.lHaving experienced too much, she

14、 is sophisticated.lHaving finished their homework, the students rushed out of the classroom.动名词、现在分词动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构结构)十六十六B)表示原因 (as, because) lHaving got a headache, I didnt come to the concert.C) 表示条件(if) l Working diligently, you will pass the entrance exam.D) 表示让步(although, even if)lAlthough r

15、epeating his words many times, the teacher could not make his students understand the concept.E) 表示结果(so, thereby, thus) l He worked day and night, making himself near-sighted.lHe wished to travel all over the world, thereby studying customs of other countries.动名词、现在分词动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构结构)十七十七现在分词独立主

16、格结构：当现在分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致时lWeather permitting, well go to the Summer Palace tomorrow.lThe speaker sitting in the back, we cannot hear a word. (Sitting in the back, we cannot hear a word.)动名词、现在分词动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构结构)十八十八Ving的被动语态 being VedlBeing heated, the irons turns redder and redder. lAfter having b

17、een treated the water can be used for raising fish.动名词、现在分词动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构结构)十九十九V+ing固定用法1. There is no +Ving. 不可能lThere is no getting along with him. lThere is no joking about this matter.2. It is no use/good/point +Ving 没有用 l Its no use sitting up too late. l Its no good quarreling with her.3.

18、be worth doing4. be busy doing动名词、现在分词动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构结构)二十二十5. feel like doing 想. would like to V6. What (How) about +Ving .如何？ lWhat (How) about having a short break now?7. spend +time + (in) +Ving lJane spent several days (in) preparing for the final exam.8. have difficulty(trouble, a problem, a

19、 good(hard) time , fun) +(in) +VinglThey have difficulty in communicating with each other.9. It is difficult/hard/nice/funny +Ving l It is extremely difficult getting everything ready in such a short time.过去分词过去分词 Ved 1. 作表语: The glass is broken.有些动词，它们的Ving和Ved都可当形容词，但意义与用法不同，Ved当形容词，表示“人感到(或对)怎么样”

20、，Ving 当形容词，表示“事物本身让人感到怎么样”lIm interested in the book. l The book is very interesting.过去分词过去分词 Ved 2. 作定语作定语 lThe liberated people have become maters of the country.lPeople believed that sea water contains every natural element known.注意：注意：1) 作定语时不定式、现在分词、过去分词的区别：现在分词作定语表示正在进行或经常性动作或现状 lGive the appl

21、ication to the man sitting at the desk.lThe room facing south is our bedroom.2) 过去分词作定语表示动作在谓语动词之前发生 The rider injured in the traffic accident was taken in the hospital.3) 不定式作定语表示一个将来的动作 lYou are invited to a party to be given at our university at 6:30 p.m. July 3.过去分词过去分词 Ved 3. 作状语 l Built in 177

22、8, the building is one of the oldest ones in that area.lCaused much sorrow to her, she became quite dispirited recently. lEncouraged by the success of writing the book, he decided to continue composing another one.lAll things considered, his graduation thesis is of great value than mine. (独立主格结构)lHe

23、r eyes filled with tears, she did not notice his coming. (独立主格结构)练习练习lWe shall appreciate from you soon. A. being heard B. hearing C. to hear D. having been heardlJohn suggested anything about it until they found out more facts.A. Not to say B. saying not C. to say not D. not sayinglI dont remember

24、.A. Ever to be saying B. to have ever said C. having ever said that D. ever said thatlNo one avoid by advertisements.A. influenced B. influencing C. to influence D. being influencedlSusan was very unhappy for not to the party. A. To be invited B. having been invited C. inviting D. to have been invit

25、edlHe forgot about him to attend my wifes birthday party.A. I asking B. my asking C. me to ask D. mine to asklWould you mind the computer game in your room? A. him playing B. his playing C. him to play D. him playlDont risk the job which so many people want. A. losing B. to lose C. lost D. your life

26、 to loselI dont think it is any use this matter any further. A. discussing B. to discuss C. to discussing D. to be discussedlIn winter, animals have a hard time anything to eat. A. to find B. to finding C. to find out D. findinglYou dont object you by your first name, do you? A.for me to call B. me

27、to call C. to my calling D. my callinglWe look forward to to the opening ceremony. A. invite B. be invited C. having been invited D. being invitedlShe was sitting in an armchair a book. A. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. to have readl anything about the accident, he went to work as well. A. N

28、ot know B. Know not C. Knowing not D. Not knowinglThey all returned to the village that the danger was over. A. convincing B. convinced C. to convice D. having convincedlWe kept our all night to frighten the wolves. A. burning fire B. burnt fire C. fire burning D. fire burntl under a microscope, a f

29、resh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape. A. Seeing B. Seen C. To see D. To be seenlJohn, the bet, had to pay for the dinner. A. lost B. having lost C. losing D. having lossl , we decided to leave at once, as we didnt want to risk missing the bus. A. As it being pretty late B. It being pretty

30、 late C. It was being pretty late D. Being pretty latelPierre often makes himself by gesturing with his hands. A. to understand B. understanding C. to be understood D. understoodlShe told me that it was the most gift her daughter had received. A. delighting B. delighted C. delights D. delightlMy par

31、ents are with my progress. A. please B. pleased C. pleasing D. being pleasedlThe interviewer should take down notes at the moment the person answers the questions. A. to be interviewed B. interviewing C. being interviewed D. interviewed lStanding on the bank, the children watched the ship with all kinds of goods.A. loading B.being loaded C. loaded D. having loadedlArriving at the bu