unit4 Grammar

1、Look at the following sentences.1. He remained there for about a year before the NBA took notice of him.(P51)2. After he graduated, he was forced to play in another basketball league.(P51)3. When he finally got the chance, he scored 20 points in his first game.(P50)4. While (he was) attending junior

2、 high, Spud tried out for the school team.(P50)Step1: Lead-in1. He remained there for about a year _ the NBA took notice of him.(P51)2. _ he graduated, he was forced to play in another basketball league.(P51)3. _ he finally got the chance, he scored 20 points in his first game.(P50)4. _ (he was) att

3、ending junior high, Spud tried out for the school team.(P50)5. Sometimes we forget _ we should stop. (P37)beforeAfter When Fill in the blanks.While when 6. It can cheer you up _ you are feeling sad. (P23)7. Outside, people were running in all directions _ pieces of glass and bricks were falling down

4、.(牛津八年级上牛津八年级上U8)8. Timmy was trapped in a dark place _ the earthquake stopped.(牛津八牛津八年级上年级上U8)9. He stayed with the boy and played with him for two hours _ the boys parents came.(牛津七年级下牛津七年级下U7)whenwhileafterbefore Task A: Using before, after, when, and while时间状语从句时间状语从句是指在复合句中是指在复合句中充当时间状充当时间状语语的句

5、子。如：的句子。如：When the weather is good, my grandpa likes going fishing.当天气好的时候，我爷爷喜欢去钓鱼。当天气好的时候，我爷爷喜欢去钓鱼。The sun came out after the storm stopped.暴风雨停止后，太阳出来了。暴风雨停止后，太阳出来了。注意：注意： 我们可以用我们可以用before, after, when和和while引导时间状语从句，这些词既可放引导时间状语从句，这些词既可放在在句首句首，也可放在，也可放在句中句中。Step2: New lessonbefore的意思是的意思是“在在之前之前

6、”，表示主，表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前。如：句动作发生在从句动作之前。如：Close the windows before you leave the room, please.在你离开房间前，请关上窗。在你离开房间前，请关上窗。after意思是意思是“在在之后之后”，表示主句的，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。如：动作发生在从句的动作之后。如：I went to school after I finished my breakfast.我吃完早饭去上学。我吃完早饭去上学。 Before and after can also be used as prepositions of tim

7、e e.g. before 9 a.m. after lunchwhen意思是意思是“当当时时”，表示，表示主句动主句动作发生的特定时间作发生的特定时间。如：。如：While my sister was sweeping the floor, I was washing the dishes.我姐姐扫地时，我在洗碗。我姐姐扫地时，我在洗碗。while意思是意思是“当当时时”，强调主句动作，强调主句动作和从句动作是和从句动作是同时发生的同时发生的。如：。如：The days get longer when spring comes.春天到来时，白天变长了。春天到来时，白天变长了。注意：注意：wh

8、ile引导的从句的引导的从句的谓语动词必须是谓语动词必须是延续性的延续性的。while还可以表示还可以表示“在在期间期间”，表，表示示主句动作发生在从句动作进行的过程主句动作发生在从句动作进行的过程中中。如。如:While the boys were playing football, it rained.当男孩子们踢足球时，下雨了。当男孩子们踢足球时，下雨了。注意：注意： 在在when和和while引导的从句中，当引导的从句中，当主句和从句的主句和从句的主语一致主语一致，并且，并且从句中有从句中有be动词时动词时，可以省略主语和可以省略主语和be动词，构成动词，构成when/while+ -

9、ing结构结构。如：。如：When (she is) in trouble, she always asks for my help.她遇到困难时总是向我求助。她遇到困难时总是向我求助。While (I am) travelling, I like to buy some souvenirs.旅游时我喜欢买纪念品。旅游时我喜欢买纪念品。 你还记得吗？你还记得吗？ 如何使用如何使用when, while,as引导引导时间状语从句时间状语从句 取决于主句和从取决于主句和从句的谓语动词句的谓语动词 前长后长用前长后长用_ 前短后长用前短后长用_ 前长后短用前长后短用_ 前短后短用前短后短用_whil

10、e when, while, as when as1. _ the children have fun, parents can take dance lessons on the beach. (2013山东菏泽山东菏泽) A. When B. If C. While D. Once2. _ I got back, I found my mother cooking for me. (2013湖北黄石湖北黄石) A. When B. Before C. Since D. AlthoughDavid is writing in his diary about one of his days.

11、Help him combine his sentences using before, after, when or while. (P54)A A1. I go to jogging every morning. Then I have breakfast. _ _2. I practised playing basketball for hours. I felt tired out. _ _I go jogging every morning before I have breakfast.After I practised playing basketball for hours,

12、I felt tired out.3. I met Peter. I was waiting at the bus stop. _ _4. I was watching TV. I received a call from my uncle. _ _5. I was ready to go to bed. My father came back from work. _ _I met Peter while (I was) waiting at the bus stop.While (I was) watching TV, I received a call from my uncle.I w

13、as ready to go to bed when my father came back from work.Look at the following sentences.1. Youve been happy since I first met you.(P48)2. Spud remained in another basketball league for about a year till/until the NBA took notice of him.(P51)3. Until his dream came true, Spud never gave up. (P55)4.

14、Do not wake me up until you finish your work.(P48)Task B: Using since,till and until1. Youve been happy _ I first met you.(P48)2. Spud remained in another basketball league for about a year _ the NBA took notice of him.(P51)3. _ his dream came true, Spud never gave up. (P55)4. Do not wake me up _ yo

15、u finish your work.(P48)since till/ until Until Fill in the blanks.until 5. It moved up over my stomach and neck _ it was standing near my face. (牛津八年级下牛津八年级下U4)6. Ive lived here _ I was born. (牛津八年级下牛津八年级下U1)7. Theyll say “excuse me” and be polite enough to wait _ you move. (牛津牛津八年级下八年级下U5) untilsi

16、ncetillsince, till和和until常用来引导时间状语从句。常用来引导时间状语从句。如：如：Mr Brown has been in Beijing since you left.自从你离开，布朗先生就一直待在北京。自从你离开，布朗先生就一直待在北京。I worked till/until he came back.我一直工作到他回来为止。我一直工作到他回来为止。since意思是意思是“自从自从以来以来”。一般情况。一般情况下，下，从句从句谓语动词用谓语动词用一般过去时一般过去时，而，而主句主句的谓语动词用的谓语动词用现在完成时现在完成时。如：。如：注意：注意：since引导的引

17、导的从句的谓语动词从句的谓语动词可以可以是是延续性动词延续性动词，也可以是，也可以是瞬时动词瞬时动词。They have been friends since they were at primary school.他们从小学起就一直是好朋友。他们从小学起就一直是好朋友。till和和until意思是意思是 “到到为止为止” ，一般，一般情况下两者可以互换。情况下两者可以互换。until可以放在可以放在句首句首或或句中句中，而，而till不可以用在句首不可以用在句首。注意：如果主句中的谓语动词是注意：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词瞬时动词时，时，必须用否定形式必须用否定形式，即，即“notunt

18、il”结结构，意思是构，意思是“直到直到才（开始）才（开始）”此处此处不能用不能用till。如：。如：Walk till/until you see a white house.一直走到你看到一座白房子为止。一直走到你看到一座白房子为止。I did not go to bed until I finished my homework.直到做完作业我才上床睡觉。直到做完作业我才上床睡觉。1. Tigers wait _ it is dark, then go out to find their food. (2012山东潍坊山东潍坊) A. since B. until C. as D. bec

19、ause2. You have been in Nanjing very long? Yeah. _ my parents came here. (2013四川内江四川内江) A. For B. As C. When D. SinceHere are more sentences from Davids diary entry. Complete his sentences with since, till or until. (P55)B B1. I have been crazy about playing basketball _ I was a little boy.2. The we

20、ather has been awful this week. The rain did not stop _ yesterday evening, so we could not practise basketball for several years.sinceuntil3. We played basketball in the playground this afternoon _ it was getting dark.4. It is the first time we have played basketball _ Monday. We enjoyed ourselves v

21、ery much.5. I waited for 20 minutes at the bus stop _ the bus arrived.6. It is Friday evening. I will not go to bed _ I finish watching my favourite TV programme. till/untilsince till/untiluntilLook at the following sentences.1. As soon as you click the mouse, theres a great deal of information.(P49

22、)2. and I can read them whenever I want to. (P49)3. It began to rain as soon as I left the house. (P56)Task C: Using as soon as and whenever1. _ you click the mouse, theres a great deal of information.(P49)2. and I can read them _ I want to. (P49)3. It began to rain _ I left the house. (P56)As soon

23、aswhenever as soon as Fill in the blanks.我们常用我们常用as soon as和和whenever引导时间引导时间状语从句。如：状语从句。如：As soon as I arrive in Canada, I will call you.我一到加拿大，就给你打电话。我一到加拿大，就给你打电话。Whenever he met us, he smiled at us.他每次遇见我们，都向我们微笑。他每次遇见我们，都向我们微笑。as soon as意思是意思是“一一就就”。如：。如：We began to work as soon as we got there

24、.我们一到那里就开始工作。我们一到那里就开始工作。He will visit you as soon as he gets there.他一到那里就会去拜访你。他一到那里就会去拜访你。whenever意思是意思是“每当，任何时候每当，任何时候”。如。如:注意：注意：whenever可以用可以用every time替换。替换。He likes listening to music whenever he has time.每当他有时间的时候，他喜欢听音乐。每当他有时间的时候，他喜欢听音乐。Simon is writing about Davids love for basketball. Hel

25、p Simon complete his sentences with as soon as or whenever. (P56)C1C11. David often goes to play basketball _ school is over.2. He watches the NBA _ there is a game on TV.3. _ he talks about basketball, he gets excited.4. _ he learnt that the NBA players would come to China, he tried his best to get

26、 a ticket. as soon aswheneverWhenever As soon asI will send you an e-mail as soon as I _ in Canada. A. arrive B. arrived C. am arriving D. will arriveDavid is writing about Yao Ming, his favourite basketball star. Help him complete his article with the correct conjunctions you have learnt in this unit. (P56)C2C2Yao Ming was born in Shanghai in 1980. he got his first basketball (1) _ he was only four y