介词的考点归纳

1、1 / 17 介词的考点归纳：重点记忆一些方位介词、时间介词、方式介词与一些介词短语介词是一种虚词， 它不能单独担任句子成分， 必须与名词或代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句构成介词短语，才能担任句子成分。一、介词的种类和介词短语的用法1介词的种类介词由词形上可分为简单介词和短语介词。简单介词知识一个单词，如：in ，on，after等。短语介词是由两个以上单词集合而成， 如： out of ， in front of ， because of ，instead of 等。2介词短语的用法作定语介词短语作定语时，一律后置。the book on the desk in mine. 桌子上的

2、书是我的。he bought a house of five rooms.他买了一所有五个房间的房子。a gentleman in white came into the hall.一个身穿白衣的绅士走进了大厅。作状语介 词 短 语 作 状 语 时 ， 修 饰 动 词 、 形 容 词 、 副 词 或 者 整 个 句子。classes begin at eight. 修饰动词八点钟开场上课。jane looks young for her age.修饰形容词 珍妮看起来比她的实际年龄年轻。the school is not far from my house. 修饰形容词学校离我家不远。to m

3、y surprise, li ming passed the exam at all. 修饰全句使我吃惊的是，明居然考试与格了。作表语he is in danger. 他处于危险之中。we are against/for you. 我们反对 / 支持你。it was because of the heavy rain, we couldn t go out. 因 为这场大雨，我们出不去了。作宾语补足语make yourself at home.放松一些，就和在你自己家一样。we made him out of danger. 我们使他脱离了危险。二表示时间的介词表示年、月、日、时刻等用at ，

4、in ，on 表示时间的前后用 in ，before ，after 表示期限等用 by，until，till 表示期间等用 for ，during ，through 表示时间的起点等用from，since 表示时间的经过等用in ，within 2 / 17 1at 、in 、on 用在时间上的区别：a. at + 钟点/ 时间点 / 时间某一时刻(at 9:00, at lunch, at breakfast, at noon, at night, at that time, at the moment) b. in + 某年/ 某月/ 某年某月 / 某个季节 / 某个世纪 / 泛指的早上

5、/ 下午/ 晚上in the morning in the afternoon in the evening in the 21st century in september ; in may in1995 in the holiday in summer c. on + 日期/ 星期/ 具体的某一天 / 具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上on monday on tuesday morning on may 4th on a cold night on a sunny morning on the night of july the first在七月一日的夜晚注意：表示时间的名词前有this ，

6、last ，next ，every 等修饰时，其前面不加介词。this morning 今天早上； last monday上周一； every week每周巩固练习：选择用at 、in 、on 填空：1_ 10:40 2_ 2005 3_ june 3, 2014 4_ the afternoon 5_may, 2012 6_ winter 7_ friday 8_ the 21st century 9_ a hot summer night 10. _saturday morning 2in 、after 、before 用在时间上的区别：a. in 在后in与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时

7、间以后的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。he will be back in two months. b. after在后after与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。after与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。he will arrive after four oclock.he returned after a month. 3 / 17 she went to nanjing last may，and she came back after a month. c. before 在前wash your hands before dinner. 巩固练习：选择用in

8、 、after填空：1her father came back from france _ two years. 2my parents went to shanghai yesterday and they will return to guangzhou _ three days. 3. by ，until/till 区别a. by 在前时间；截止到.how many english books had you read by the end of last year? 到去年年底以前你看过多少本英文书？she had left by the time i arrived.我到时之前她已经

9、走了。例：by the end of 在, , 底之前by then 到那时by the time+从句在, , 之前b.until/till直到为止时间he didnt go to sleep until/till 12 last night. we didn t begin to watch tv until/till nine oclock.4.for ，during ，through 区别a. for 达之久表示经过了多少时间可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用，但经常和完成时连用。he has lived here for 20 years. 他在这儿已经住了二十年了。we will

10、 stay in the city for two days. 我 们 要 在 这 座 城 市 呆两天。b. during 在期间(后决不能跟表数字的名词) they are going to have a good rest during the summer holidays. 暑假中他们打算好好休息一下。c. through 一直从开场到完毕they played the cards through the night. 他们打了一整夜的牌。he stayed in london through the winter.他整个冬天都待在伦敦。5. from ，since 区别a. from

11、 从起时间表示“从开场时， 一般都是用词组from,to , ，the meeting will be held from eight to ten. 这个会议将从 8 点开到 10 点。b. since 自从以来 表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续用于现在完成时后跟时间点i have been sick since yesterday. tom has played the piano since january. 4 / 17 6. in，within a. in 过后未来时间大多用在将来时一般将来时和过去将来时。in an hour 一小时之后in a week or so 大约一星期之后

12、he will be back in five hours. 他五小时之后回来。they said they would arrive here in a week.他们说他们一周后到达。b. within不超过的围强调“在 , , 时间之，没有时态的限制within 3 hours 3 小时之； within a week一周之i must finish painting the cat within five minutes. 三表示方位介词表示场所的介词： at ，in ，on，under，over ，below, near ，between，around表示方向的介词： into ，o

13、ut of ，along ，across ，through ，up，past 1.at, in, on at 一般指小地方at school； at home ； stand at the door； at a factory；at the bus stop ；at the station in 一般指方或某个围之in beijing； in the world ； in china ； in the street； in bed；in the yard on 往往表示“在某个物体的外表。on the desk ； on the map ； on the screen ； on the riv

14、er；on the farm；on the floor巩固练习he arrived_ shanghai yesterday. they arrived at a _village before dark. there is a big hole_the wall. the teacher put up a picture _ the wall. 2on、above、over 、below、under 这些方位介词的区别：on 在上面与外表接触there are two maps on the wall. above 在上面，表示在外表不接触的上方，不一定是正上方。our plane flew

15、above the clouds. over 在上面，表示外表不接触的上方，指垂直在上的正上方。there is a light over li ming. below 在下面，指位置低于某物或在某物的下方， 但不一定在某物的正下方，其反义词是 above。there are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water. 5 / 17 under 指在某物的正下方，有垂直在下的意思，其反义词是over。the dog is under the table. 巩固练习：选择用on、above、over 、below、under 填空：1they

16、will build a new bridge _ the river near our school. 2be careful! a snake is lying _ the ground! 3villages, rivers, lakes are becoming smaller and smaller _ the plane. 4after he got up, he didnt find his shoes _ the bed.5today is a nice day. you can see blue sky and white clouds _ our heads. 3. alon

17、g, cross, across, through, over, past, pass 的用法区别：along 介词。意思是“沿着i was walking along the river when it began to rain. cross 动词。意为“越过、渡过、横穿、横渡(road, street, grass, river, bridge, dessert) across 介词。表示从一边到另一边，在事物的外表“横过、“越过(road, street, grass, river, bridge, dessert) through 介词。表示从部空间“穿过、“通过(city, par

18、k, forest, window, door) over 介词。意思是“越过。从物体的一边到另一边the dog jumps over the fence. we climb over the mountain at last. pass 动词 “经过门外经过i pass the park past 介词“经过门外经过every day he runs past the city hall. i walk past the park. 巩固练习：选择cross 、across 或 through 填空：1the girl helped the old man walk _ the road.

19、 2the children walked _ the door one by one into the cinema. 3the car ran _ the bridge and turned right into a park. 4a beautiful river runs _ our home town. 5he could swim _ the river when he was young. 6when the sunshine went _ the window into his bedroom, he finished writing his book in the end.

20、7don t _ the busy street when the traffic light is red.8she asked her little son not to _ the river because it was 6 / 17 raining hard. 9. the dog ran _the grass. 10. the boy swam_ the river. 11. they walked _ the forest. 12. i pushed_ the crowds. 4. in front of, in the front of 区别in front of 表示“在某人

21、或某物的前面，在某个围以外；in the front of 表示“在的前部，在某个围以。there are some tall trees in front of the building. the teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom. 巩固练习1. peter is _me. 2. there is a blackboard in the front of our classroom.3. there is a lake in front of our classroom.4. the teachers desk is in th

22、e front of the classroom .5between , among, around的区别：a. between 在两者之间what s the difference between a and b？my teacher is sitting between tom and mike. b. among后接人或物必须是三个或三个以上，在一群、一组或一个整体中间。there is a beautiful house among the trees. he is very popular among the students. c. around 环绕，在周围，在四周we sat

23、around the table. 巩固练习：选择between, among, around填空：1miss li always stands _ the students and teaches them how to learn english. 2we watched a football match _ japan and china yesterday. 3she is a girl with few words _ her classmates. 4i saw him standing _ the people and sang songs for them. 5the man

24、has to fly _ guangzhou and shanghai. 6there is a low wall _ the two rooms. 7. the earth moves_ the sun. 8. there are many trees _the house. 四、其他介词7 / 17 1表示手段和材料的介词with ，in ，by ain + 语言/ 墨水/ 颜色 / 声调用 in 时，后面加物质名词，不能加冠词。she wrote a letter in black ink. don t write it in pencil but in ink. can you spe

25、ak in english ？b. with + 工具用工具用“ with 时，后面的名词要加上冠词或代词。li li cut her hand with a knife.he wrote the letter with his new pen cby + 方式用方式交通工具 by car by bus 一些固定的用法，如：in a way 在某种程度上in a + adj . + way 以方式in this / that way 用这种 / 那种方式in the way 挡路by the way 顺便问问巩固练习：选择介词in 、by、with 填空：1don t talk to the

26、old man _ this way.2he likes drawing pictures_ a pencil. 3_ the way, could you tell me how i can get to the zoo? 4we can improve our english _ listening to some english radio programmes. 5he told her she could work out the problem _ a clever way 6she was asked to sing a song _ english. 2except/ exce

27、pt for/ besides的区别a. except “除了之外同一类别比拟，但排除在外，后跟短语、从句b. except for “除了之外不同类别比拟，排除在外c. besides “除了之外还有 包括在，起强调作用 , 用法近似 as well as巩固练习：用介词except/ except for/ besides填空：1i want to buy some food, some drinks _ some small presents for the coming childrens day.2everyone is here _ a boy called jim. 3all o

28、f our students _ peter can work out this problem though peter is weak in math. 4there is nothing in the box _ a letter. 5his article is very good _ a few spelling mistakes. 8 / 17 五、介词短语介词和动词、形容词或名词相结合后，形成复合词，有特定的意思。如下：1. 动词+介词look up 查看，查字典 ；look at 注视；look for 寻找 play with sth.玩某物玩耍；think of 想起， 想

29、到；hear from sb. 收到某人的信；talk about sth.谈论某事； talk to/with sb. 和某人谈论； listen to 倾听 call on sb.拜访某人；arrive at/in 到达；take care of照 顾 ； wait for等 待 ； agree with 同 意 ( 某人) arrive at(in) 到达； ask for 询问； begin with从开场；believe in 相 信； break into 闯 入 ；break off 打 断 ；break out 爆发； break up 关系破裂； bring down 降低；

30、 bring in 引进；bring up 教育，培养build up 建立；call back 回；call for 要求约请；call in 召来；call on 拜访访问；care for 喜欢；carry on 继续开展；carry out 实行开展；check out 查明结帐；clear up 整理，收拾；come about 发生，产生come across ( 偶然 ) 遇见； come out 出来； come to 共计到达；comparewith与比拟；compare to 比作；cut off 切断； depend on 依 靠 ；dream of 梦 想 ；fall

31、off 下 降；fall over 跌倒；get through 通过；give in 让步，屈服；give out 分 发 ；give up 放 弃； go abroad 出 国；go through 浏览grow up 生长；hear about 听说；lead to 导致live on 靠为生； look down upon 看不起；look forward to 盼望；look out 留神 ；look(a) round 仔 细 查 看 ； set up 建 立 ；show off 炫耀；shut up 住 口； speed up 加 速 ；stick to 坚持；think of 考

32、虑，想起；try out 试验；turn down 调低；turn off 关掉；worry about 担忧2. be动词+形容词 +介词be kind to对 某 人 亲 切 ； be good at在 , ,做 得 好 ； 擅 长于；be late for迟到； be afraid of 害怕； be sorry for sth. 为,抱 歉 ；be absent from缺 席 ； be proud of以 为 自豪；be found of 喜欢；be full of 充满be interested in 对有兴趣；be confident in 对有信心；be short of 缺乏

33、； be tired of 厌 恶；be proud of 对 感 到 骄 傲be worried about 为 担忧be aware of 意识到；be busy with 忙于(某事) ；be different from 和不同be famous for 因而知名3. 介词+名词1) 英 语 中 有 大 量 成语 由 介 词 构 成 ， 单 是 一 些 常 用 介 词 就 可 构 成 大 量 成语：at: at a stretch 一连，连续地；at a time 一次，每次；at ease 稍9 / 17 息，安心；at first 最初，开场时；at heart 在心；at hom

34、e 在家，随便；at last 最后at least 至 少 ； at length 最 后 ,详 细 地； at most 至多；at once 立即，同时at peace(war) 处于和 平 ( 战争 ) 状态；at play(work) 在 玩耍 ( 工作) at present 现在，目前；at the risk of 冒的风险；at the same time (与此)同时at the start 一开头；at the time 此刻，这时； by accident 偶然；by air 航空；by all means 想一切方法； by bus (plane, etc) 坐巴士 (

35、 飞机等) by chance 偶然；by cheque 用支票；by mistake 错误地，误把by surprise 突然，出其不意；by the way 顺便说一in a sense 从某种意义上说；in advance 事前；in all 总共in case 要是，如果；in danger 处于危险中in debt 负债；in demand 有需求in detail 详细地；in fact 实 际 上； in general 一 般 说 来；in ones opinion 在( 某人)看来in part(s) 局部地；in person 亲自；in public(private) 公

36、开(私下) 地in regard to 关于；in the end 最后；in the middle of 在中间；in time 与时地，经过一段时on fire 着火；on foot 步行； on holiday 在休假；on purpose 成心地；on sale 在出售；on the contrary 相 反；on the way 在 路上；on time 准时on the top of 在上面；out of danger 脱离危险；out of doors 在 户外；out of fashion 不时新out of reach 无法得到 (拿到 ) ；out of work 失业10

37、 / 17 练习题( ) 1-when did your uncle arrive _ china? -he got to guangzhou _ the morning of the 16th of april. aat; in bin; in cto; on din; on ( ) 2it is believed that _ december 21st, 1891, the first basketball game in history was played. aon bin c at dby ( ) 3you can improve your english _ practising

38、 more. aby bwith c of din ( ) 4this is a difficult problem, but _ the same time it is very interesting. ain bat con d for ( ) 5i couldn t do it _ your great help. thanks a lot! awith bwithout cfor dto 巩固练习：( ) 1- when did you arrive _guangzhou? - i got here _ the rainy night of the 10th of march. aa

39、t; in bin; in cto; on din; on ( ) 2he often gets up late and goes to school _breakfast. it s bad for his health. awith bwithout c have d havent( ) 3after he went _the forest, he got _ a beautiful village. apast; to bacross; to cthrough; to dcross; at ( ) 4- how soon will your mother come back? - she

40、 said she would return _ two hours. aafter bin cduring dfor 11 / 17 ( ) 5- listen! someone is knocking _ the door. who is it? - maybe it s my friend mary.aat bin cby dfor ( ) 6- did the children have a good time _the summer holidays? - of course! and they returned _ the end of last month. aon; on ba

41、t; at cduring; by d during; at ( ) 7- tomorrow there will be a football match _ our school and no.6 middle school. - yes, we are all very excited because it is the last match _ the twenty school teams. abetween; among bamong; between cboth; between damong; of ( ) 8_ the age of 20, his father bought

42、a new car _ him. aat; to bat; for cby; to din; for ( ) 9. children get gifts _ christmas and _ their birthdays. a. on; on b. at; on c. in; in d. in; on ( )10.there is nothing _ tomorrow afternoon, is there?-no. we can have a game of table tennis. a. on b. in c. out d. up ( )11. a lot of students in

43、our school were born _ march, 1981. a. in b. at c. on d. since ( )12. he suddenly returned_ a rainy night. a. on b. at c. in d. during ( )13. my grandfather was born _ oct. 10, 1935. a. onb. in c. at d. of 12 / 17 ( )14. the train is starting _ five minutes. a. in b. at c. for d. still ( )15. mike d

44、oes his exercises _ seven _ the evening. a. on; to b. at; in c. by; of d. at; on ( )16. the population of the world has grown very fast _ four hundred years. a. for past the b. in the pass c. in the past d. for past ( )17. we returned to our hometown_. a. next week b. in the last week c. last week d

45、.for a week ( )18. great changes have taken place_. a. in the last few year b. in the last few years c. last year d. on the last year ( )19. children wake up very early _ the morning of christmas day. a. in b. on c. for d. at ( )20. _ a cold winter morning, i met her in the street. a. in b. on c. at

46、 d. for 13. ( )21.it happened to be very cold_ the morning of oursports meet. a. at b. on c. with d. of ( )22. why did you get up so early _ this morning. a.on b. / c. at d. in 介词专题练习( )1. children get gifts _ christmas and _ their bi13 / 17 rthdays. a. on; on b. at; on c. in; in d. in; on ( )2.ther

47、e is nothing tomorrow afternoon, isthere? -no. we can have a game of table tennis. a. on b. in c. out d. up ( )3. a lot of students in our school were born _ march, 1981. a. in b. at c. on d. since ( )4. he suddenly returned_ a rainy night. a. on b. at c. in d. during ( )5. my grandfather was born _

48、 oct. 10, 1935. a. onb. in c. at d. of ( )6. the train is starting _ five minutes. a. in b. at c. for d. still ( )7. mike does his exercises _ seven _ the evening. a. on; to b. at; in c. by; of d. at; on( )8. the population of the world has grown very fast _ four hundred years. a. for past the b. in

49、 the pass c. in the past d. for past ( )9. we returned to our hometown_. a. next week b. in the last week c. last week d. for a week ( )10. great changes have taken place_. a. in the last few year b. in the last few years c. last year d. on the last year ( )11. children wake up very early _ the morn

50、ing of christmas day. 14 / 17 a. in b. on c. for d. at ( )12. _ a cold winter morning, i met her in the street. a. in b. on c. at d. for ( )13. it happened to be very cold_ the morning of our sports meet. a. at b. on c. with d. of ( )14. why did you get up so early _ this morning. a.on b. / c. at d.

51、 in ( )15. he went to shanghai_ september 3, 1991 and cameback_ a cold morning last year. ( )a. in; on b. on; in c. on; on d. in; in( )16. lucy was born_ the night of may 12, 1984. a. on b. in c. at d. to ( )17. mrs brown came to china _ 1996. a. on b.of c. to d. in ( )18. _ the morning of november

52、20, 1915, the workerscame to chicago to show themourning _ joe hill. a. on; to b. in; of . c. on; for d. at; for ( )19. ann moved _ hangzhou _ september, 1992. a. /; in b. to; in c. to; on d, in; in ( )20. they started off _ an autumn afternoon. a. during b. at c. in d. on ( )21. he often goes _ sch

53、ool _ six thirty _ the morning. a. for; to; in b. to; at in c. to; for; at d,for; at; to 15 / 17 ( )22. he arrived _ shanghai _ 9: 30 _ march 5. a. at; in; at b. to; on; at c. in; on; at d.in; at; on ( )23. the english teacher told me to get there_ halfpast ten. a: in b. at c. on d. of ( )24. the ch

54、ildren get up _ 6 oclock. a. at b.on c. during d. in ( )25. the doctor worked_ five hours_ a rest. a. for; with b. on; without c. about; having d. for; without ( )26. i worked on the problem _ a long time and i worked it out_ myself_ last. a. for; by; at b. in; with; on c. on; by; in d.for; for; at the ( )27. a new factory will be set up_ a year. a. forb. in c. after d. on ( )28. two years_ he began to write another story-boo