智能家居技术外文翻译

1、外文翻译原文及译文学院 计算机学院专业计算机科学与技术班 级 学 号 姓 名 指导教师 负责教师 2012年6月Smart Home TechnologyLink your home's lighti ng, en terta inment and security systems with new automated home tech no logy.Smart home is expected to offer variousintelligentservices byrecog nizing reside nts along with their life style and

2、feeli ngs. One of the key issues for realizing the smart home is how to detect the locations of residents. Curre ntly, the research effort is focused on two approaches: termi nal-based and non-term in al-basedmethods. The termi nal -based method employs atype of device that should be carried by the

3、reside ntwhile thenon-term in al-based method requires no such device.There is a growing interest in smart home as a way to offer a convenient, comfortable, and safe residential environment.In general, the smart homeaims to offer appropriate in tellige nt services to actively assist in the reside nt

4、's life such as housework, amusement, rest, and sleep. Hence, in order to enhance the reside nt ' s convenience and safety, devices such as home applia nces, multimedia applia nces, and internet applia nces shouldbeconn ected via a home n etwork system, as show n in Fig. 1, and they should b

5、e con trolled or moni tored remotely using a televisio n (TV) or pers onal digital assistant (PDA).Especially, attentionhas been focused on location-basedservices as away to offer high-qualityintelligentservices, while consideringhumanfactors such as pattern of liv ing, health, and feeli ngs of a re

6、side nt. That is, if the smart home can recog nize the reside nt' s pattern of liv ing or health, the nhome applia nces should be able to an ticipate the reside nt' s n eeds and offerappropriate in tellige nt service more actively. For example, in a passive service en vir onment,the reside n

7、t con trolsthe operati onof the HVAC (heat ing,ventilating,and air conditioning)system, while the smart home wouldcon trol the temperature and humidity of a room accordi ng to the reside nt' scon diti on.Various in door locati on-aware systems have bee n developed torecog nizethe reside nt '

8、 s locati on in the smart home or smart office. Ingen eral, i ndoor locati on-aware systems have bee n classified into three types accordi ng to the measureme nt tech no logy: tria ngulati on, sce ne an alysis, and proximity methods 8. The triangulation method uses multiple distances from multiple k

9、nown points. Examples include Active Badges, Active Bats, and Easy Living, which use infrared sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and vision sensors, respectively. The scene analysis method examines a view from a particular vantage point. Representative examples of the scene analysis method are Moti on Sta

10、r,which uses a DC mag netic tracker, and RADAR,which uses IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (LAN). Fin ally, the proximity method measures nearn ess to a known set of poi nts. An example of the proximity method is Smart Floor, which uses pressure sen sors.Alter natively, in door locati on-awar

11、e systems can be classified accord ing to the n eed for a term inal that should be carried by the reside nt. Termin al-based methods, such as Active Bats, do not recog nize the reside nt's location directly, but perceive the location of a device carried by the reside nt, such as an in frared tra

12、n sceiver or radio freque ncy ide ntificati on (RFID) tag. Therefore, it is impossible to recog nize the reside nt' s locati on ifhe or she is not carry ing the device. In con trast, non-term inal methods such as Easy Living and Smart Floor can find the reside nt' s locati on without suchdev

13、ices. However, Easy Living can be regarded to inv ade the reside nt ' s privacy whilethe Smart Floor has difficultywithexte ndibility andmaintenan ce.Homeautomationhas come a long wayfromthe manualtimerhooked up to the living room light. Today's "smart" home automaticallyregulates

14、heat, air and light, distributes audio and video around the house, con trols access to your home and can eve n rem ind you to exercise!New tech no logies and productadva nces have madehometech no logy systems more affordable tha n ever and have broughthomesystems in tegrati on in to the mai nstream.

15、 Accord ing to a study done in 2004 by the National Association of Home Builders Research Center and the Consumer Electronics Association, nearly half of all new homes being built in the U.S. are now using structured copper "smart" wiring to enable the in stallatio n of new home tech no lo

16、gy systems.How it WorksThere are four mai n types of n etworks you can in stall in your home to support the available new tech no logy. Each has its adva ntagesanddisadvantagesdependingon whether you are wiring a new home orupgrad ing an existi ng home.?Structured wiri ng invo Ives running specializ

17、ed high performa nee cabli ng throughout your home. It provides a highly reliable and secure n etwork that distributes data sig nals for phon es, computers, TVs and audio comp onen ts. It's ideal for new con structi on but not always easy to in stall in an existi ng home. Also, n etwork ing is l

18、imited to the reach of cables, jacks and plugs.n etworksprovidethe advantages of flexibilityandmobility and virtually eliminate the wiring dilemmas often faced by existing homeowners. However, wireless networks tend to be less reliable and subject to interferenee from other devices such as baby mon

19、itors and cordless phon es.Power-li nenetworks use a home'sexisti ng electricallines totran smit data. They are relatively easy to set up and operate but carry the risk of power surges, and an unen crypted household n etwork may be accessible to n eighbors shari ng the same tran sformer.Phone-li

20、nenetworks use a home's telephone lines to carrymultiple services. Typically, each service is assig ned a unique freque ncy spectrum so they don't interfere with one another. Smart home tech no logy may also en able you to dial in via a phone line to con trol specific home operatingsystems a

21、nd/or be pre-set to dial out to amon itori ng service in the case of a fire or break-i n.While the possibilities for home automation are only limited by your imagination, the choices facing the average homeowner may seem daunting. The good n ews is that you do not n eed to become a tech no logical e

22、xpert in order to enhance your home's capabilities. A home tech no logy integrator can design, implement,and tie together your home's variouselectro nic systems. These in clude:En terta inment:You may have bee n impressed by a frien d's hometheatre setup one ni ght, whe n they popped a m

23、ovie in their DVD player and gave you the large scree n, surr ound sound experie nee. But why not take this experie nee further? Using fairly simple automati ontech no logy,you couldpush a "movie" butt on on a touch pad in your family room. The lights would dim, the bli nds would close, th

24、e popcor n maker would spri ng into action, the fridge would check for adequate ice levels for your soda, and your calls would be automatically forwarded straight to your an sweri ng service. With a little creativity and pla nning, all these eve nts can be achieved using a home n etwork.It would be

25、equally simple, using motion sensors and your stereosystem, to play music every time you enter a room in your home -something upbeat, perhaps, for the home gym, maybe classical music for your study - the possibilities are endless. Or you could sit in your living room and select the music you want to

26、 listen to via on-screen menus that are displayed on your TV.You could eve n mon itor your childre n's televisi on and video-gamehabits, when you're not at home by programming the network to alert yourcell phone if your childre n watch too much televisi onor in appropriateprogram ming. Or yo

27、u can simply program the TV or gam ing con sole to shutoff after a certa in amount of time.Security:Using smart home automati ontech no logy,you canprogram your lights to simulate no rmal in-home activity whe n you're away.For example, some time around your regular bedtime, your bedroom lights a

28、nd TV will turn on while the rest of the house will be darkened. And this lighting routine can be set up to change on the weekend.To protect aga inst break-i ns, you can positi on web cams at home entran ces and in stall an alarm system that uses heat and moti on sen sors to alert you and a remote s

29、ecurity compa ny in the case of an in truder.In the case of fire, your smoke detector can be wired to sound not just an alarm but also to send a signal to your air-conditioning system fans to shut dow n, alert you and specified con tacts and illu min ate an evacuati on route throughout the house.Ene

30、rgy: Energy savings can be realized by automating thermostats,lights and other environmentalsystems such as gardensprinklers andfoun tai ns.In tegrat ingall of these into one en vir onmen talsystem can helpensure a minimum waste of energy in your home. For example, on a hot, sunny day, weather sen s

31、ors can activate bli nd and drapery con trols to shade your home, and en sure that your garde n receives adequate irrigatio n at the right time of day. Motion and occupancy sensors can activate heat and lighting controls as you enter and exit rooms.Today ' s new smart IR sensors represent a unio

32、n of two rapidly evo Ivingscie ncesthatcomb ineIR temperature measureme nt withhigh-speed digital tech no logies usually associated with the computer. These in strume ntsare called smartsen sorsbecause theyin corporatemicroprocessors programmed to act as tran sceivers for bidirect ion al, serial com

33、 muni cati onsbetwee n sen sors on the manu facturi ngfloor andcomputers in the control room (see Photo 1). And because the circuitry is smaller, the sen sors are smaller, simplifyi ng in stallati on in tight or awkward areas. In tegrati ng smart sen sors into new or exist ing process con trol syste

34、ms offers an immediate advantage to process control engineers in terms of providing a new level of sophistication in temperature monitoring and con trol.When you leave for work in the morning, your house could "check" for and tur n off unn ecessary en ergy con sumers such as radios, TVs, s

35、toves and irons (a nice safety feature). On your way home, you could use your cell phone or computer to cha nge the temperature in your home, turn on lights, turn on the radiant heat in your bathroom floor and fill the bathtub to just the right level for a nice long soak.Applia nces:From toasters to

36、 fridges to picture frames, thepossibilities for n etwork ing computerized household applia nces are limited only by your imaginationand budget. Your refrigerator can keep track offood expirati on dates and act as a family message cen ter via a built-i n scree n. Coffee makers and other small applia

37、 nces (such as toasters) can be activated remotely or as part of a sequence of events. You can even imitate Bill Gates and in stall framed electr onic artwork that cha nges depe nding on the prefere nce of the pers on who en ters a room, or purchase In ternet-co nn ected picture frames that retrieve

38、 images from a gallery supplied by your friends and family for a constantly updated family portrait wall.The key to maki ng your home more comfortable, enjoyable andsafe through home automati on is to follow three esse ntial steps:?Plan: Discuss automationneeds and wants with your familymembers so y

39、ou can pla n ahead. Take into con siderati on your home's layout in terms of traffic and furniture.?Con sult: Talk to as many people as possible to get ideas and lear nabout their experiences with home automation; what worked, what did n't, what do they wish they had done differe ntly?Decide

40、: What do you definitely want to be able to do? What isopti on al?Will you in stall the n etworkyourself or leave it to aprofessi on al? What kind of n etwork and what types of tech no logy bestsuit your n eeds? Home automati on,from security systems tointelligentappliances, is becomingan accessible

41、 reality. With somecareful pla nning and a little help, you too can enjoy the ben efits of a "smart" homeIntelligentHomes, Building ManagementSystems (BMS) encompassesan eno rmousvariety of tech no logies,across commercial,in dustrial,in stituti onal and domestic build in gs, in clud ing e

42、n ergy man ageme nt systems and buildingcontrols. The function of BuildingManagementSystems iscen tral to 'In tellige nt Build in gs' con cepts; its purpose is to con trol, mon itor and optimise building services, eg., lighting; heating; security, TV and alarm systems; access control; audio-

43、visual and entertainment systems; ventilation, filtration and climate control, etc.; even time & attendancecontrol andreporting (notably staff movement and availability). The potential within these con cepts and the surro undingtech no logyis vast, and our lives arecha nging from the effects of

44、In tellige nt Buildi ngs developme nts on our liv ing and working environments.The impact on facilities planning and facilitiesman ageme nt is also pote ntially imme nse.Smart home exampleAt 7:30am and you awake to the sound of your favourite cd playing in the backgro und; the lights in your bedroom

45、 switch on; 'fad ing up' to allow you to wake up in your own time. The downstairs intruder alarm system is de-activated. In the kitchen the coffee machine turns on to make a drink. The ground floor curtains and blinds open; the towel heater in the bathroom warms the towels. And you have n

46、9;t eve n got up yet.智能家居技术链接您家的灯光，娱乐和安全系统的新的自动化家用技术。智能家居，是一种可以通过识别具有不同生活习惯和感觉的住户来提供各种不同 的智能服务。而实现这样的功能其中最关键的问题之一就是如何确定住户的位置。目前，研究工作只要集中于两种方法：终端方式和非终端方式。终端方式需要一种住户 随身携带的设备，而非终端方式则不需要这样的设备。现在由于人人都想有一个方便，舒适，安全的居住环境，因此大家对于智能家居表现的越来越感兴趣。一般来说，智能家居旨在提供合适的智能服务来积极促进住户 更好的生活，比如家务劳动，娱乐，休息和睡眠。因此，为了提高住户的便捷和安全，

47、像家用电器，多媒体设备和互联网设备应通过家庭网络系统连接在一起。并且它们应通过电视或个人数字助理（PDA）来控制或远程监控。尤其要注意的是，作为一种提供高质量的智能服务，目标应集中于定位服务，同 时考虑人为因素，比如住户的生活方式，健康状况和居住感受。也就是说，如果智能 家居能识别住户的生活方式或健康状况，那么家用电器应该能预见住户的需要，并能更主动的提供适合的智能服务。例如，在一个被动的服务环境下，需要住户控制供热 通风与空气调节系统（供暖，通风和空调），而智能家居将根据住户情况自动调节房 间的温湿度。智能家居或智能办公室的各种室内感应定位系统的已经研发到能够识别 住户的位置。一般来说，室内

48、定位感应系统根据测量技术分为三种类型：三角测量， 场景分析和接近方法。三角测量法是通过多个已知点来计算位置距离。运用三角测量法的例子包括 Active Badges ，Active Bats和Easy Living，它们分别运用了红外传 感器，超声波传感器和视觉传感器来实现的。 场景解析法是检测一个场景内的特定着 眼点。场景解析法的典型例子是使用直流磁力跟踪器的MotiveStar，和使用无线局域网络LAN标准IEEE 802,11的RADAR。接近法则是以一组已知点中最接近的点 近似作为定位点。接近法的例子有使用压力传感器的Smart Floor。另外，室内感应定位系统可以根据是否需要住户随

49、身携带一种设备来分类。终端方式，例如Active Bats，不需要直接找到住户位置，但是可以感应到住户随身携带 的设备位置，例如红外收发器或者射频识别技术（RFID）标签。因此，如果住户没有随声携带终端设备，那就不可能找到他。相反的，非终端方式如Easy Living和Smart Floor则不需要这种设备就能找到住户位置。然而，人们认为Easy Living侵犯了住户隐私，Smart Floor则是扩展和维护都比较困难。家庭自动化已经从挂接到客厅灯的手动计时很长的路要走。今天的“智能”家庭自动调节热量，空气，光线，音频和视频房子周围分布，控制访问您的家庭，甚至 可以提醒你锻炼。新技术和产品的

50、进步使家居更负担得起的技术系统，并比以往任何时候都纳入 主流家用系统集成。根据2004年所做的住宅建筑商研究中心和消费电子协会，几乎所有的新家园一半协会的一项研究正在兴建中的美国正在利用结构铜“聪明”接线，使安装技术的新家园系统。它是如何工作主要有四种类型的网络可以在家里安装，以支持现有的新技术。各有其优势和根据您是否是一个新的家庭布线或升级现有的家庭缺点。?结构化布线涉及专门高性能运行在您的整个家庭布线。它提供了一个高度可靠和安全的网络，分销，产品用于手机的数据信号，电脑，电视和音频组 件。这对新建筑的理想，但并不总是很容易安装在现有的家。此外，网络仅限于电缆范围，插座和插头。?无线网络提供

51、的灵活性和流动性，几乎消除了通常由现有的布线房主面 临困境的优势。 然而，无线网络往往是如婴儿监视器，无绳电话不可靠和其 他装置受到干扰。?电力线网络使用的家庭已有的电力线来传输数据。它们是比较容易的设置和执行，但执行的权力风险激增，以及一个未加密的家庭网络可以访问邻国 分享同样的变压器。?电话线的网络使用家里的电话线，以开展多种服务。 通常，每个服务指 定一个独特的频谱，以便他们不会互相干扰。智能家居技术也可能使您拨打一个电话线，通过具体的家庭作业控制系统和 /或预先设定为拨号到监控服务 在一旦发生火警或破裂情况的研究。而家庭自动化的可能性是有限的，只有你的想象，面对的选择一般的房主可 能似

52、乎令人望而生畏。好消息是，你不必成为技术专家，以提高您的家庭的能力。 一 个家庭技术集成商能够设计，实施和您的家庭联系在一起的各种电子系统。这些措施包括：娱乐：您可能已留下深刻的印象朋友的家庭影院安装有一天晚上，当他们突然出现在他们的电影和 DVD播放机给你大屏幕，环绕声体验。但是，为什么不利用这个经验的事呢？ 使用相当简单的自动化技术，你可以推“电影”一个触摸板 按钮在您的家庭娱乐室。 昏暗的灯光会，窗帘会结束时，爆米花机将春季行动，冰 箱将检查你的苏打冰足够的水平，您的通话将被自动转发到您的接听服务直线。一个小创意和规划，所有这些事件可以实现使用一个家庭网络。这将是同样简单，使用动作感应器和您的音响系统， 播放音乐，每次你输入 一个家庭健身房在家里房间-这是乐观的，也许，也许你