生物科技模板PPT

1、家长开放日家长开放日南京九校一年三班之南京九校一年三班之走进细胞世界走进细胞世界讲授内容讲授内容Click to add title in here Click to add title in here Click to add title in here Click to add title in here 4123ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.一一. 细胞发展史细胞发展史秦汉时期秦汉时期1590年年1665年年17世纪前世纪前尔雅尔雅记载了

2、记载了590多种动多种动物和植物，并纳入一定的分物和植物，并纳入一定的分类系统。类系统。人们试图回答植物和动物的组人们试图回答植物和动物的组成，但受观察工具的限制。成，但受观察工具的限制。一位荷兰人用两块透镜制造出一位荷兰人用两块透镜制造出了第一台显微镜。了第一台显微镜。英国科学家胡克用自制的显英国科学家胡克用自制的显微镜发现了细胞。微镜发现了细胞。细胞学说细胞学说 19世纪世纪40年代：德国科学家年代：德国科学家施莱登施莱登和和施旺施旺提出了提出了“细胞学说细胞学说”。施旺施旺施莱登施莱登细胞学说细胞学说 动物和植物都是由细胞构成的；动物和植物都是由细胞构成的； 细胞是生物体结构很功能的基本

3、单位；细胞是生物体结构很功能的基本单位； 细胞是由细胞分裂产生的。细胞是由细胞分裂产生的。二二. 认识细胞认识细胞 1. 细胞的形状细胞的形状 有圆的、立方形的、柱形的、菱形的、多边形的有圆的、立方形的、柱形的、菱形的、多边形的等多种形状。等多种形状。酵母菌酵母菌植物纤维细胞植物纤维细胞植物表皮细胞植物表皮细胞精子精子二二. 认识细胞认识细胞2. 细胞的大小细胞的大小细胞一般很小，只有一到几十微米之间。细胞一般很小，只有一到几十微米之间。各类细胞大小的比较各类细胞大小的比较细胞类型细胞类型直径大小（直径大小（um）支原体支原体0.1-0.3细菌细菌1-2动物植物动物植物10-100（多数（多数

4、20-30）原生动物原生动物100例外，如卵细胞就特别大，鸵鸟卵细胞直径为例外，如卵细胞就特别大，鸵鸟卵细胞直径为5 cm，鸡卵细胞为，鸡卵细胞为23 cm，人卵细胞，人卵细胞为为200 m；有些神经细胞的突起可长达；有些神经细胞的突起可长达1 m，但细胞体的直径不会超过，但细胞体的直径不会超过100 m；小型；小型白细胞的直径只有白细胞的直径只有34 m，人的红细胞的直径为，人的红细胞的直径为7 m。3. 细胞的结构细胞的结构动物细胞动物细胞二二. 认识细胞认识细胞细胞膜细胞膜细胞核细胞核细胞质细胞质作用：保护细胞并控制细胞作用：保护细胞并控制细胞 与外界之间物质交换与外界之间物质交换作用：

5、内含遗传物质，起作用：内含遗传物质，起 传宗接代作用传宗接代作用作用：许多生命活动的场所作用：许多生命活动的场所细胞壁细胞壁保护和支持细胞作用保护和支持细胞作用叶绿体叶绿体内含叶绿素，是光合作用的场所内含叶绿素，是光合作用的场所液泡液泡内有细胞液内有细胞液细胞膜细胞膜细胞质细胞质细胞核细胞核3. 细胞的结构细胞的结构植物细胞植物细胞二二. 认识细胞认识细胞动植物细胞结构有何不同？动植物细胞结构有何不同？叶绿体叶绿体植物植物动物动物液泡液泡细胞壁细胞壁细胞核细胞核细胞质细胞质细胞膜细胞膜无无无无无无有有有有有有有有有有有有有有有有有有任务：任务：“小小侦探家小小侦探家”公安部得到一份生物作品，从

6、外形上分辨不出该样品是取自公安部得到一份生物作品，从外形上分辨不出该样品是取自植物还是动物，你能否用学过的知识将它鉴定出来？植物还是动物，你能否用学过的知识将它鉴定出来？ 动物细胞动物细胞植物细胞植物细胞细胞壁细胞壁 无无 有有细胞膜细胞膜 有有 有有 细胞质细胞质 有有 有有细胞核细胞核 有有 有有大的液泡大的液泡 无无 有有叶绿体叶绿体 无无 有有1、樟树的茎能够直立与植物细胞中的什么结、樟树的茎能够直立与植物细胞中的什么结构有关？构有关？2、植物的叶为什么通常是绿色的？、植物的叶为什么通常是绿色的？思考思考细胞中的细胞壁由纤维素组成，具有保护和支细胞中的细胞壁由纤维素组成，具有保护和支持

7、细胞的作用，使植物细胞有一定的形状。持细胞的作用，使植物细胞有一定的形状。植物的叶片细胞中具有叶绿体，内含叶绿素。植物的叶片细胞中具有叶绿体，内含叶绿素。三三. 细胞生长细胞生长生物体生长发育的过程中生物体生长发育的过程中生长生长、繁殖繁殖、衰老衰老、死亡死亡。分裂分裂 成年人全身细胞总数约成年人全身细胞总数约 1012个。个。 细胞种类有细胞种类有200 多种。这么多种类细胞均多种。这么多种类细胞均来自一个来自一个受精卵。受精卵。有丝分裂有丝分裂分化分化 成年人全身细胞总数约成年人全身细胞总数约 1012个。个。 细胞种类有细胞种类有200 多种。这么多种类细胞均多种。这么多种类细胞均来自一

8、个来自一个受精卵。受精卵。有丝分裂有丝分裂分化分化神经细胞神经细胞红细胞红细胞肌肉细胞肌肉细胞上皮组织细胞上皮组织细胞功能：光合作用功能：光合作用功能：保护功能功能：保护功能功能：贮藏营养物质功能：贮藏营养物质总结总结：同一植物体的这些细胞也都来自一群彼此：同一植物体的这些细胞也都来自一群彼此 相似的早期胚细胞。相似的早期胚细胞。Click to edit title styleText in hereText in here Contents ContentsThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall develo

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