现代大学英语精读4lesson8-language-study推荐课件

1、BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/221BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/222 Word Study Phrases and Expressions Word Building Grammar BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/223Word list:alienantidotebacklashbingeboombustclamorcomplementconspicuously19. irreversible20. ma

2、ximize21. merger22. prevail23. prone24. propel25. retard26. slump constituent daunting downturn dwarf ensue erode glut implode ineptBTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/2241. aliena. coming from a different country, race or group; foreignExamples:Its a country that has had an alien governme

3、nt and an alien language imposed on it by force. I find the ideal of sending young children off to boarding school totally alien.To be continued on the next page.BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/225alien n. a foreigner, esp. someone who lives in a country of which they are not legal cit

4、izenExample: When war broke out the government rounded up thousands of aliens and put them in temporary camps. To be continued on the next page.BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/226alienate v. a. to stop supporting b. to cause to feel very distant from or not welcome to someone leseExamp

5、les:All these changes to the newspaper have alienated its traditional readers.Ten years in prison have alienated him from his family. n. alienationBTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/2272. antidoten. a chemical, esp. a drug, which limits the effects of a poison, or a way of preventing or a

6、cting against something badExamples: Anemone was at the time believed to be an antidote for scorpion poison. Regular exercise is the best antidote to tiredness and depression.BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/2283. backlashn. a strong feeling among a group of people in reaction to a tend

7、ency or recent events in society or politicsExamples: The new president encouraged the backlash against “moral laxity”. The accident has provoked/produced a backlash among local people who claim that the road is dangerous. BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/229 4. bingen. an occasion when

8、 an activity is done in an extreme way, esp. eating, drinking or spending moneyExamples:a drinking/eating/spending bingeHer illness involved periods of binge-eating and then making herself sick. To be continued on the next page.BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/2210binge v. to eat in an

9、uncontrolled way, sometimes as a part of an illnessExamples: I tend to binge on chocolate when I am watching TV! She went through periods of binging (also binge-eating). BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/2211n. a period of sudden growth, esp. one that results in a lot of money being made

10、Examples: This year has seen a boom in book sales. The insurance business has been characterized by a vicious cycle of boom and bust as companies go in and out of businesses and prices rise and fall. 5. boomTo be continued on the next page.BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/2212boom v. Ex

11、ample:Here, as elsewhere, the leisure industry is booming. BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/22136. bustn. a place where people are allowed to leave their rubbish (also a rubbish dump)Examples: Im going to clear out the shed tomorrow and take everything I dont want to the bust. His room

12、is a bust.To be continued on the next page.BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/2214bust v. a. to break something b. to arrest somebody Examples:Oh no! Ive busted his CD player. Harry and his girlfriend busted up last week.The police busted him because they think hes involved with a terrori

13、st group. To be continued on the next page.BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/2215bust n. an occasion when police arrest people who are thought to have broken the law Example:In their latest drugs bust police entered a warehouse where cocaine dealers were meeting. To be continued on the n

14、ext page.BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/2216bust a. When a company goes bust it is forced to close because it is financially unsuccessful. Example:More than twenty companies in the district went bust during the last three months. BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/2217n. a.

15、 a loud complaint about something or demand for something b. loud noise, esp. made by peoples voices Examples: After the bombing, there was a public clamor for vengeance. He preferred solitary walks in the wilderness to the clamor of the city.7. clamor = clamourTo be continued on the next page.BTLEW

16、Lesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/2218a. clamorous Examples:The newspaper devoted seven pages to a clamorous call for independence. The air was filled with clamorous, excited voices. v. clamorExample:The residents are clamoring against the dumping of chemical waste near their houses.BTLEWLess

17、on 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/22198. complementv. to match two different things together whose combined effect is greater than that of either separatelyExample:Strawberries and cream complement each other perfectly.a. complementaryExample:My family and my job both play an important part in my

18、 life, fulfilling separate but complementary needs.BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/22209. conspicuouslyad. obviously; in a way that is easy to notice Example: The temples grand white arches rose conspicuously over the dirty decaying city.To be continued on the next page.BTLEWLesson 8Gl

19、obalizations Dual Power 2021/8/2221a. conspicuous Examples: In China, where black hair is the norm, her blonde hair was conspicuous. He tried not to look conspicuous and moved slowly along the back of the room. n. conspicuousnessAntonyminconspicuousBTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/22221

20、0. constituentn. a voter in a particular area of the countryExample:As a senator he was excellentalways talking to his constituents and hearing their problems.To be continued on the next page.BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/2223constituency n. any of the official areas of a country tha

21、t elect someone to represent voters nationally Example:The MPs constituency covers the citys poorest areas. To be continued on the next page.BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/2224constitute v. to form or make a./ n. constituentExamples:Women constitute about 10% of the Parliament. What a

22、re the basic constituents of the mixture?Lets consider separately the constituent parts of this sentence.BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/222511. dauntinga. intimidating; dishearteningExample:In spite of unification the country was still faced with the daunting prospect of overcoming fo

23、ur decades of division. Antonym: dauntlessTo be continued on the next page.BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/2226daunt v. to make someone feel slightly frightened or worried about their ability to achieve something; to discourageExample:She was not at all daunted by the size of the probl

24、em. BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/222712. downturn = downswing n. a reduction in the amount or success of something, such as a countrys economic activityExamples:the continuing economic downturnThere is evidence of a downturn in the building trade. To be continued on the next page.BT

25、LEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/2228upturn n. (esp. in economics) an improvement or advantageous change to a higher level or valueExample:Investors should not expect a sharp upturn in the economy. BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/222913. dwarfv. to cause to appear small by c

26、omparison Examples: The new skyscraper will dwarf all those near it. This new financial crisis may well dwarf most that have gone before. To be continued on the next page.BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/2230dwarf n. a person who is much smaller than the usual sizeExample: They have cam

27、paigned for many years against the discrimination experienced by dwarfs/ dwarves. a. dwarfBTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/223114. ensuev. to happen after something else, esp. as a result of itExamples:The police officer said that he had placed the man under arrest and that a scuffle ha

28、d ensued.Boredom often ensues from inactivity.To be continued on the next page.BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/2232a. ensuingExamples: He lost his job and in the ensuing months became more and more depressed.An argument broke out and in the ensuing fight, a gun went off. BTLEWLesson 8G

29、lobalizations Dual Power 2021/8/2233v. to rub or be rubbed away graduallyExamples:Wind and rain have eroded the statues into the shapeless lumps of stone. The cliffs are eroding by/ at several feet a year.His behavior over the last few months has eroded my confidence in his judgment. a. erosion15. e

30、rodeBTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/223416. glutn. a supply of something that is much greater than can be sold or is needed or wantedExamples: The fall in demand for coffee could cause a glut on/in the market, forcing some producers to cut prices. There is a glut of large, expensive ho

31、uses lying empty and unsold. BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/223517. implodev. to fall inwards with forceExamples:The vacuum inside the tube caused it to implode when the external air pressure was increased.Their economy is in danger of imploding because of massive foreign debts. n. im

32、plosionexplodeCompareBTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/223618. inepta. not skilled or effectiveExamples:Someone had made an inept attempt to iron the skirts.He was always rather inept at sport.He was criticized for his inept handling of the situation. To be continued on the next page.BTL

33、EWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/2237n. ineptitudeExamples: political/social/economic ineptitudeThe newspaper editorial correctly pointed out the governments ineptitude in dealing with the ozone crisis. BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/223819. irreversiblea. not possible to ch

34、angeExamples: He listed some of the irreversible effects of ageing. Technology has had an irreversible impact on society. ad. irreversiblyBTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/223920. maximizev. to make something as great in amount, size or importance as possibleExample:To maximize our walki

35、ng time, we should be ready to start at dawn. n. maximizationExample:The company is striving for the maximization of profits. minimizeminimizationminimumminimalTo be continued on the next page.CompareBTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/2240n. maximumto the maximum: to the greatest possible

36、 degree a. maximal Example:Even when the brain has attained its maximal size and structure, signals from the body and the environment are still constantly changing it. BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/224121. mergern. the union of two or more commercial interest or corporationsExamples:

37、Their merger of the two companies would create the worlds biggest accounting firm.The German tyre company is holding merger talks with its Indian rival.To be continued on the next page.BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/2242v. mergeExamples:The countrys two biggest banks are planning to m

38、erge in order to fight off competition from abroad.After a while the narrow track merges with a wider path. BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/224322. prevailv. to exist and be accepted among a large number of people, or to get a position of control and influenceExamples:This is a strange

39、 custom that still prevails.Did greed prevail over generosity?To be continued on the next page.BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/2244a. prevailing/prevalentn. prevalenceExamples:The prevailing mood is one of optimism.Under the prevailing law, the government cannot annul such marriages.Th

40、ese diseases are more prevalent among young children.The prevalence of drugs in the inner cities is alarming. BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/224523. pronea. a. tending to suffer from an illness or show a particular negative characteristic b. lying on the front with the face downExampl

41、es:Youre more prone to illnesses when youre tired and your body is run-down.You have to bear in mind that Angela is rather prone to exaggeration. To be continued on the next page.BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/2246The photograph showed a man lying prone on the pavement, a puddle of bl

42、ood about his head. a. -prone: combining formaccident-prone, injury-proneBTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/224724. propel v. to cause something to move forwardsExamples: a rocket propelled by grenade Mr. Henry said that the country was being propelled towards civil war. A propelling penc

43、il or mechanical pencil is a pencil in which the lead can be pushed forward by turning or pressing a part of the pencil. BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/224825. retardv. to make (something) slowerExamples:Icy roads retarded their progress through the mountains.A rise in interest rates

44、would severely retard economic growth.To be continued on the next page.BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/2249a. retardedn. retardationExamples:The program offers long-term care for the elderly and intermediate care for the mentally retarded.The drugs taken by the women while they were pr

45、egnant caused growth retardation in their children.BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/225026. slumpn. recession Examples:There has been a slump in demand for beef ever since the recent health scare. The hotel industry, like most industries, is currently in a slump.There is fear that we ar

46、e entering another economic slump as bad as the 1930s. To be continued on the next page.BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/2251slump v. (of prices, values or sales) to fall suddenlyExamples: The value of property has slumped.Car sales have slumped dramatically over the past year. The end

47、of word study.BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/2252List:a succession of be hard-pressed to dodepart fromin some respectsabreast ofBTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/2253a number of things or people following each other in time or order; a series Examples:Last week we had a su

48、ccession of visitors.A succession of accidents spoiled our automobile trip.A succession of cars passed us one after another. The poor man had a succession of misfortunes. 1. a succession of To be continued on the next page.BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/2254Victory followed victory in

49、 rapid succession.He has been awarded first prize for his roses three years in succession.His words came out in quick succession. in succession (to) 继承（王位等）继承（王位等）Who is the first in succession to the throne?The eldest son is the first in succession to his fathers property. in succession 一个接一个，一连一个接

50、一个，一连 BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/2255Examples:The latest education reforms have put extra pressure in teachers who are already hard-pressed.Because of shortages, the emergency services were hard-pressed to deal with the accident.2. be hard-pressed to do to have a lot of difficulti

51、es doing somethingBTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/2256Examples:We cannot depart from our regular practice in such cases.Id like to depart from the main subject of my speech for a few moments. The chairman departed from the normal procedure by allowing reporters to be present during Cou

52、ncil business. departure fromThe new system is a departure from our usual way of keeping records. 3. depart from 背离，离开；不按背离，离开；不按行事行事BTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/2257在一些方面在一些方面Examples:In many respects, John is the best boy we have had in the school.This proposal differs from the last one in some respects.The house is in a fairly good condition and, in this respect, contrasts with the rest of the street which is in a state of disrepair. The plan is faulty in every respect. 4. in some respectsBTLEWLesson 8Globalizations Dual Power 2021/8/2258 being informed about