初中英语动词时态复习讲义1概要

1、初中英语动词时态复习1 时态- 定义 ：英语语法中的时态（tense ）是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。英语时态分为16 种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。一般现在时1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。2 常用时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month ), once a week, on sundays

2、, 3 基本结构： be 动词;行为动词 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式）4 否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont, 如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt ，同时还原行为动词。5 一般疑问句：把 be 动词放于句首 ;用助动词 do 提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用 does ，同时，还原行为动词。动词的第三人称词尾变化：当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需加-s或-es：规则动词原形第三人称单数形式一般在词尾加-s， (清辅音后读s，在浊辅音后读z；在 t 后读ts,在 d 后读 dz。 ) play leave swi

3、m plays leaves swims 以字母 s,x,ch,sh,o 结尾的词加 -es，读 iz,如果动词原形词尾已有e,pass fix passes fixes 则只加 -s。teach wish do teaches wishes does 以辅音字母加y 结尾的词，先变y为 i, 再加 -es,读 z。study carry fly studies carries flies 注意：动词 have 的第三人称单数是has. 写出下列动词的单数第三人称形式。1. cook _2.watch_3.build_4.have_5.wash_ 6. enjoy _7. go _8 rece

4、ive _9 cry_10. close _ 11. drive _12. choose _13. play _14. reach _ 二. 一般现在时的用法1） 表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有：always、often、 usually、seldom、never。频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。例如: he often goes swimming in summer. 他夏天经常游泳。i usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。2）表示现在的状态。例如

5、： my father is at work.he is very busy. 我父亲在工作，他很忙。the boy is twelve. 这男孩十二岁。3）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。例如：all my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。my sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。ann writes good english but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。4)表示客观真理，客观存在，自然现象。例如： the earth moves around

6、the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。shanghai lies in the east of china. 上海位于中国东部。5）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。例如： the train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。he comes back tonight. 他今晚回来。6）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作例如： ill tell

7、him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。if you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 如果你接受这份工作，他们将和你谈谈细节。一一般现在时1、 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；2、 示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；he usually goes to work at 7 oclock every morning. she has a brother who lives i

8、n new york. the earth goes around the sun. guangzhou is situated in the south of china. 3、 表示永恒的真理， 即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如： i learned that the earth goes around the sun when i was in primary school. 4、 在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时； 常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute

9、, the day; 条件： if, unless, provided. if he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 5、在 make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter 宾语从句，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。so long as he works hard, i don t mind when he finishes the experiment. 只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。6、 在 the more ,the more ,(越 , 越 , ) 句型中 ,

10、 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。the harder you study, the better results you will get. 主将从现是指在时间状语从句和条件状语从句和让步状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时替代一般将来时。主将从现常见的有以下三种情况：1、时间状语从句的主句是一般将来时，那么从句常常用一般现在时。如： when i grow up, ill be a nurse and look after patients. 我长大后要当一名护士，照顾病人。2、如果主句是祈使句，那么从句通常要用一般现在时如： don t laugh at me

11、when i make a mistake. 我犯错误的时候不要笑话我。3、如果主句是含有情态动词的一般现在时，根据需要从句多用一般现在时如： you should be quiet when you are in the reading room。在阅览室时应保持安静。巩固练习：1、lucy likes going skating with her friends. （改写成否定句）_ 2、aunt lis son has ten toy bears. （对划线部分提问）_ 3、his watch costs 300 yuan. （变成一般疑问句并否定回答）_ 4、i like being

12、a nurse for the old. （变成一般疑问句）_ 5、张叔叔每天乘坐地铁上班。_ 6、我们每周日常花三小时在图书馆看书。_ 7、我爷爷常常晚饭后出去散步。_ 一般过去时1 概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。2 常用时间状语： ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 3 基本结构

13、： be 动词;行为动词4 否定形式： was/were+not;在行为动词前加 didnt ，同时还原行为动词。5 一般疑问句： was 或 were 放于句首 ;用助动词 do 的过去式 did 提问，同时还原行为动词。一、动词过去式的规则变化：构成规则动词原形动词过去式一般在动词原形末尾加 -ed，(在清辅音后读t； 在浊辅音和元音后读d；在t ,d后读 id。look play work looked played worked 结尾是 e 的动词在末尾加 -d like live hope liked lived hoped 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加

14、 -ed plan stop drop planned stopped dropped 结尾是“辅音字母 y” 的动词，先变“ y” 为“i ” 再加-ed study worry cry studies worries cries 注：不规则动词过去式参见八年级下册p142。写出下列动词的过去式形式。1. put _2. drink _3. cry _4. pull _5. ride _ 6.begin _7. sit _8. run _9. take _ 10.sweep _ 11. stop _ 12. solve _13. rob _14. wait _15. lie _ 16. tu

15、rn _17. explore _18. drop _19. clean _20. produce _ 21.get _22.laugh_23.pay_24.die_25.prefer _ 二. 一般过去时的用法1）表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, last week, an hour ago,just now, the other day, in 1982等连用。在一般过去式中，要表达“过多少时间之后”，一般用after。几年后。例如： where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？after a few year

16、s,she started to play the piano.几年后，她开始弹钢琴。2）表示在过去，经常或反复发生的动作。常与often,always 等表示频度的副词连用。例如： when i was a child, i often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。3）一般过去式也可与 today,this week,this month,this year 等表现在的时间壮语连用， 但这些时间壮语须指过去的时间，决不包含“现在”“此时此刻”的意思。例如： did you see him today? 今天你看见他了吗？巩

17、固练习：1、 yesterday i went swimming.( 改写成否定句。 ) _ 2、 he was born in shanghai.( 对划线部分提问 ) _ 3 我昨天买了一辆新自行车。_ 4、我前天读了一本书。_ 一般将来时1 概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。2 时间状语： tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by ,the day after tomorrow, etc. 3 基本结构： am/is/are/going to + do;助动词 will/s

18、hall + do. 4 否定形式： was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didnt ，同时还原行为动词。5 一般疑问句： be 放于句首 ;will/shall提到句首。在疑问句中，主语为第一人称时（i 和 we）时，常用助动词shall 。例如： she ll go to play basketball. 她要去打篮球。shall we go to the zoo? 我们要去动物园吗？二、一般将来时的用法1、表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, next year等连用。例如： ill meet you at the school gate tomor

19、row morning. 2、表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。例如： i ll come and see you every saturday next year. 明年我将每个星期六来看你。3 、 表 示 说 话 人 对 于 将 来 的 看 法 、 假 设 和 推 测 ， 通 常 用be afraid,be/feel sure,hope,know,think 等后面的从句或与副词perhaps,possibly,maybe等连用。例如： i think she ll go back home for supper. 我想她会回家吃饭。maybe she ll go to the gym.也许她

20、会去体育馆。三、be going to +不定式，表示将来。1、表示主语进行某一行动的打算意图。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思。即计划，安排要发生的事。例如： what are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？the play is going to be produced next month 。这出戏下月开播。2、表示说话人确信如此或有某种迹象表明某事即将发生。例如： look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。3、注意： be going to

21、 和 will 之间的区别。1两者都用于预测时， be going to 意指有迹象表明某件事将要发生，属客观的推测； will则意指说话人认为 /相信某件事将要发生，属主观的推测。2两者在时间的发生上， be going to 通常表示马上要发生或相当快就要发生的事情；而will 不指明任何具体时间，可以指遥远的未来。例如： he is gong in to be better. 他的病就要好起来了。he will be better. 他的病会好起来了。3两者都表示意图时， be going to 含有预先计划、准备的意思；will 则指未经过预先思考或计划，是临时的一种决定。4在条件壮语

22、从句中， be going to 表将来 ,will 表意愿。例如： if you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible. 如果你将要去旅行，最好尽快做好准备。miss gao will tell you the answer if you ask her. 如果你去问高老师， 她会告诉你答案。四、be +不定式表将来，表示客观安排或受人指示而将要做某事。例如： we are to discuss the report next saturday. 我们下星期六讨论这份报告。五

23、、be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。例如： he is about to leave for beijing. 他马上要去北京。巩固练习：1. mrs. brown is going to buy a digital camera. （对划线部分提问）_ 2.my boss is going to fly to london on business the day after tomorrow. （用 often 改写句子）_ 3.sam will visit brazil next week. （变

24、成一般疑问句并否定回答）_ 4. 他们今晚要去看足球赛。_ 5.金一家人什么时候去长城啊？_ 一、单项选择( ) 1. there _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. a. will be going to b. will going to be c. is going to be d. will go to be ( ) 2. charlie _ here next month. a. isnt working b. doesnt working c. isnt going to working d. wont work ( ) 3. he _ very busy

25、 this week, he _ free next week. a. will be; is b. is; is c. will be; will be d. is; will be ( ) 4. there _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. a. was b. is going to have c. will have d. is going to be ( ) 5. -_ you _ free tomorrow? - no. i _ free the day after tomorrow. a. are; going to; wi

26、ll b. are; going to be; will c. are; going to; will be d. are; going to be; will be ( ) 6. mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday. a. will gives b. will give c. gives d. give ( ) 7. - shall i buy a cup of tea for you? -_. （不，不要。）a. no, you wont. b. no, you arent. c. no, please dont. d. no, p

27、lease. ( ) 8. - where is the morning paper? - i _ if for you at once. a. get b. am getting c. to get d. will get ( ) 9. _ a concert next saturday? a. there will be b. will there be c. there can be d. there are ( ) 10. if they come, we _ a meeting. a. have b. will have c. had d. would have ( ) 11. he

28、 _ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday. a. gives b. gave c. will giving d. is going to giving ( ) 12. he _ to us as soon as he gets there. a. writes b. has written c. will write d. wrote ( ) 13. he _ in three days. a. coming back b. came back c. will come back d. is going to coming back ( ) 14.

29、 if it _ tomorrow, well go roller-skating. a. isnt rain b. wont rain c. doesnt rain d. doesnt fine ( ) 15. - will his parents go to see the terra cotta warriors tomorrow? - no, _ （不去） . a. they willnt. b. they wont. c. they arent. d. they dont. ( ) 16. who _ we _ swimming with tomorrow afternoon? a.

30、 will; go b. do; go c. will; going d. shall; go ( ) 17. we _ the work this way next time. a. do b. will do c. going to do d. will doing ( ) 18. tomorrow he _ a kite in the open air first, and then _ boating in the park. a. will fly; will go b. will fly; goes c. is going to fly; will goes d. flies; w

31、ill go ( ) 19. the day after tomorrow they _ a volleyball match. a. will watching b. watches c. is watching d. is going to watch ( ) 20. there _ a birthday party this sunday. a. shall be b. will be c. shall going to be d. will going to be ( ) 21. they _ an english evening next sunday. a. are having

32、b. are going to have c. will having d. is going to have ( ) 22. _ you _ free next sunday? a. will; are b. will; be c. do; be d. are; be ( ) 23. he _ there at ten tomorrow morning. a. will b. is c. will be d. be ( ) 24. _ your brother _ a magazine from the library? a. are; going to borrow b. is; goin

33、g to borrow c. will; borrows d. are; going to borrows ( ) 25. - shall i come again tomorrow afternoon? -_ （好的） . a. yes, please b. yes, you will. c. no, please. d. no, you wont. ( ) 26. it _ the year of the horse next year. a. is going to be b. is going to c. will be d. will is ( ) 27. _ open the wi

34、ndow? a. will you please b. please will you c. you please d. do you ( ) 28. - lets go out to play football, shall we? - ok. i _. a. will coming b. be going to come c. come d. am coming ( ) 29. it _ us a long time to learn english well. a. takes b. will take c. spends d. will spend ( ) 30. the train

35、_ at 11. a. going to arrive b. will be arrive c. is going to d. is arriving 1）用动词的适当形式填空1.i like _ (swim). 2.he _(read) english every day. 3.we _(go)to school at seven in the morning. 4.mike_(go)to school at seven in the morning. 5.my mother_(like) _(go) shopping. 6.i can _(draw) many beautiful pict

36、ures. 7.she_(make) a model plane. 8.do you _(like)_(run)? 9.does he_(like)_(jump) ? 10.does nancy_(grow)flowers on saturday ? 11.the teachers_(like)_(dance). 12.the teacher_(like)_(dance). 13.the students_(speak) english in class. 14.the student_(speak) chinese after class. 15. lets_and play footbal

37、l . ( go ) 16. he_ like swimming . ( not ) 17. im sorry _that . ( hear ) 18. wang bing is_ ( write ) an e-mail to his friend . 19. he has_a headache . ( get ) 20. _you study english at school ? yes , i_. ( do ) 21. _your sister study english at school ? no , she_ . ( do ) 22. im _ better . ( feel ) 23. why_tom absent today ? ( be ) 2）用所给的人称改写句子1.i take photos on sunday. ( mike) 2.we grow beautiful flowers. (she) 3.they like colle