专题五动词的种类和形式

1、中考复习五动词的种类和形式商撰稿：赵吉存 责编：郭素清动词的种类考试要求：岡中考近年主要考查连系动词be，feel，look，taste, smell等用法；及物动词和不及物动词的用法；助动词 do/does/did和have/has的用法；情态动词的用法。知识总结：1 .及物动词和不及物动词亦根据动词在句子中是否可以接宾语，可以把动词分为及物动词和不及物动词两种类型：A. 能接宾语的动词称为及物动词，可分为跟单宾语的及物动词、跟双宾语的及物动词、跟复合宾语（即宾语+宾语补足语）的及物动词等。鬲例如：My brother is flying the kite on the playground

2、. （fly 后跟单宾语 kite）我的弟弟正在操场上放风筝。My mother gives me a new bike as the birthday present. （give 后跟双宾语 me 和 a new bike）我妈妈给我一辆新自行车作为生日礼物。The teacher made his students happy by doing some games.（ made 后跟宾语 his students和宾语补足语happy）老师通过做游戏使得学生高兴。注意1:有些双宾语动词间接宾语（人）放在直接宾语（事物）后时，间接宾语前要加to。常用的此类词有 bring、give、ha

3、nd、 pass pay、post、return、sell、show、teach、tell、throw、 lend 等。例如： Hand me that book, please. = Hand that book to me, please. 请递给我那本书。有些双宾语动词间接宾语（人）放在直接宾语（事物）后时，间接宾语前要加for。常用的此类词有 buy、choose、cook、draw、book、find、get、make、order 等。例如： My mom bought me a n ice backpack. = My mom bought a nice backpack for

4、me. 我 妈妈为我买了一个好看的书包。、/、一 、 *注意2：及物动词有被动语态形式。例如：A little girl opened the door. 一个小女孩打开了门。（主动语态）The door was ope ned by a little girl.门被一个小姑娘打开了。（被动语态）B. 不及物动词一般不可以接宾语，但是有时和介词或副词一起使用，可以接宾语。商例如：The little boy runs quickly.这个小孩子快速地跑了。We arrived at the station at five.我们五点到达了车站。C. 大多数动词既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。亦常

5、用 的此类动词有 open、close、 start、change、drive、play、meet、win、study 等。 例如：The girl turned her head and smiled.这个女孩子转过头笑一笑。（turn是及物动词）She turned and walked back to the classroom.她转过身走回教室。（turn 是不及物动词）D. 有一些及物动词用作不及物动词可以表示被动的意思。这个时候句子的主语是物而不是 人。血例如：My books sold out in a week.我的书一个星期内卖完了。2. 连系动词猛连系动词也称为系动词，用于

6、连接主语和表语，表示主语身份、性质、状态。连系动词 有一定词义，但不完整，不能单独做谓语，必须和表语连用，构成系表结构。例如：You are a teacher, but not a good one.你是一个老师，但不是好老师。 We feel very happy whe n we kn ow it.当我们知道这个的时候，我们都非常高兴。英语经常用到的连系动词有：（1）状态连系动词：蛊表示主语的状态、性质、身份。常用的有be。My father is very stron g.我的爸爸非常强壮。（2）持续连系动词：応表示继续或保持一种状态或情况。常用的有：stay （保持），remain

7、（保持），continue（继续）等。（3）表象连系动词：儘用来表示"看起来”的这一概念的词。常见的有appear（看起来），seem （看似），look（看起来）。Your mother looks much younger than I thought. 你妈妈比我想象得年轻多了。（4）感官连系动词：S常用的有feel （摸起来），taste （尝起来），smell （闻起来），sou nd （听起来）look （看起 来）。The milk tastes a little sour.这牛奶品尝起来有点酸。（5）转变或结果连系动词：become （变为），get （成为），gro

8、w （长得），turn （变得），go （变得）等。Our village is beco ming more and more beautiful. 我们的村庄正在变得越来越漂亮。3. 助动词盪助动词本身没有词意，或者意义不完全，不能单独作谓语，只能和别的动词一起在句子中作谓语，帮助动词构成各种时态、语态等及否定、疑问、强调等。主要的助动词有：be,do, have, shall, will 等。例如：Will you have a sports meeting next week? 你们下一个星期举行体育运动会吗？ Is your mother cooking ?你妈妈在做饭吗？Don &

9、#39; t be late for class next time.下次上课不要再迟到了。4. 情态动词猛情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词连用作谓语，表示说话人的语气和情感。主要的情态动词有：can, may, must, need, would , could,might, dare等。使用情态动词要注意以下方面：含must的一般疑问句：聒肯定回答仍用 must,否定回答则用 needn' t或don' t have to,表示"不必”。一般不 能用mustn' t，因为mustn' t表示“不可以、禁止”，语

10、气很强。例如：一Must I finish my homework now? 我必须现在完成作业吗？No, you needn' t.不，不必要。may开头的一般疑问句：志肯定回答用 may，否定回答用 mustn' t。例如：一May I smoke here?我可以在这里吸烟吗？No, you mustn ' t.不，不可以。(3) 表示可能性或推测时：忌can多用于否定句或疑问句，cannot表示“不可能” ；may多用于陈述句，may not表示“可能不” ；must只用于肯定句，表示“一定、准是” 。You may be right or may not be

11、 right. 你可能对也可能不对。The news can' t be true.这消息不可能是真的。She must be angry.她一定是生气了。need用作情态动词：隘主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句，表示“需要”，也可以作实义动词，后跟名词、代词、不定式、动词-ing形式等。need开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must。You needn' t come if you are busy.如果忙，你就不必来了。(情态动词)Need I come tomorrow? 我明天需要来吗？No, you needn' t. / Yes, you must.不，没必要。

12、/是的，你必须来。(情态动词)He needs to get some sleep.他需要睡一会。(实义动词)(5) have to的用法： 嗣意思接近must，但是must强调说话者的主观意愿。have to强调客观上的必要性，常译成“不得不“。have to可以用于多种时态，其疑问句、否定句都要借助do构成。Do you have to leave now? 你现在必须走了吗？You don' t have to get up early.你没有必要早起。be able to的用法：尿表示具体的能力， 与can用法相近，can只有一般现在时和一般过去时， be able to可用

13、更多的时态。was / were able to侧重又能力而且成功地做成了某事，而 could只表示过去具 备某种能力。The maths problem was hard but I was able to work it out.这道数学题很难，但我做出来了。易错点点拨：極1. 及物动词和不及物动词之间的误用。(1) My teacher lies the book on the table.解析本题考查及物动词lay的用法，本句有宾语 book，所以谓语动词应该用及物动 词，lie是不及物动词，应该用和它形近的及物动词lay。(2) The sun raises in the east

14、and sets dow n in the west.解析本题考查及物动词 raise和不及物动词rise的区别，本句没有宾语，所以用不 及物动词，raise是及物动词，意思是“举起、筹集”。表示太阳从东方升起用不及物动词rise。所以把raise改为rise。2. 连系动词用法失误。皿(1) The food your mother makes for us eats well.解析本题考查动词和连系动词的用法区别。从本句子的意思理解是用连系动词tastes表示“尝起来”，连系动词后用形容词作表语。所以把 eats well改为tastes good。(2) That kind of cak

15、es is tasted very well.解析本题考查动词和连系动词的用法区别。taste是连系动词，没有被动语态形式，所以把 is tasted well 改为 taste good。3. 一些情态动词之间的误用。険(1) My little brother will can go to school n ext year.解析本题考查情态动词 can和be able to不同用法。can和be able to在表示能力的 时候，can用于一般现在时和一般过去时， be able to用于各种时态。所以把will can变为will be able to。(2) Look at that

16、 tall man. He maybe our new teacher.解析本题考查情态动词 may be和副词maybe的区别。maybe是副词相当于 perhaps, 它的意思是“大概、或许”，在句子中不能作谓语。而 may be是情态动词 may和be连用在 句子中作谓语，表示“可能是”，所以把maybe改为may be。动词的形式考试要求：園中考要求掌握的动词形式有：原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。 重点考查第三人称单数形式和过去式、现在分词和过去分词等。另外动词及其短语的意义、 词性和搭配更是中考必考项目，所以学习时不仅要记住固定的动词搭配，还要记住其词义和用法，

17、尤其要归纳同一动词的不同短语的不同意义，而这些只能在日常学习中逐步积累。知识总结：後I1. 动词原形：商动词原形就是不用 to的动词不定式，也就是词典中出现的动词原来的形式。例如：be(是)，work (工作)，study (学习)，write (写)等。动词原形用法很多，经常在中考考查 的用法有：(1) 在一般现在时中主语不是第三人称单数形式，其谓语动词接动词原形。例如：We often watch TV at home after supper.晚饭后我们经常在家看电视。(2) 在句型why not的后面接动词原形，表示建议，例如：Why not go there on foot? 为什么

18、不步行去那里？(3) 在had better后面要用动词原形。例如：You' d better finish your homework before supper. 你最好在晚饭前完成作业。(4) 在句型Let somebody的后面接动词原形。例如：Let' s play volleyball after school ！咱们放学后打排球吧！(5) 感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾语补足语。例如：Your words make me feel angry.你的话让我感到生气。(6) 在祈使句的开头用动词原形。例如：Come and buy your books at ou

19、r book shop.到我们的书店来买你需要的书。(7) 在情态动词后。例如：例如：Can you swim across this river in an hour? 你能在一小时内游过那条河吗？(8) 在did、will、would等助动词后用动词原形。Did everybody want to go there last Mon day? 上周一每个人都想去那里吗？2. 第三人称单数形式：动词的第三人称单数形式就是句子的主语是第三人称单数形式，并且谓语是一般现在 时，谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式，即动词原形的后面加-s或者-es。例如：My sister often watches

20、TV with us at home. 我妹妹经常和我们一起在家看电视。 动词的第三人称单数形式的构成：帝(1) 一般情况下在动词后加字母s。例如： work works write writes take takes(2) 以字母s, x, ch, sh结尾或以字母o结尾的动词加-es。例如： watch watches pass passes catch catches do does go goes(3) 以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词，先把字母y变为i再加-es。例如：carry carries try tries3. 现在分词：盛过去动词的现在分词形式由动词原形+ing构成，一般和be动

21、词连用构成现在进行时、进行时或用作非谓语动词。例如：The girl is studying English at home now.这个小女孩正在家里学习英语。I saw a boy lying on the ground. 我看见一个男孩躺在地上。现在分词的构成：確(1) 一般情况下在动词后直接加-ing。例如：buy buying drink drinking find finding(2) 以不发音的字母-e结尾的动词，去掉字母 e加-ing。例如：take taking come coming become becoming(3) 以重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，

22、双写此辅音字母，再加 -ing。例如：sit sitti ng stop stopp ing beg in beg inning forget forgett ing(4) 部分以ie结尾的单音节动词，先把 ie变为y,然后加ing。例如：die dying tie tying lie lying4. 过去式和过去分词：蠢动词的过去式和过去分词是中考的重要知识点，动词的过去式主要用来构成一般过去 时；过去分词是用来构成现在完成时、过去完成时和被动语态的，也可用作非谓语动词。 规则动词的过去式和过去分词变化如下：商(1) 一般情况下直接加-ed。例如： work worked worked he

23、lp helped helped(2) 以不发音字母e结尾的动词，直接加字母 -d。例如：live lived lived like liked liked(3) 以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词，先把字母y变为i，再加-ed。例如：carry carried carried study studied studied try tried tried(4) 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写此辅音字母，然后加-ed。例如：permit permitted permitted prefer preferred preferred不规则的变化：確英语中有一些动词的过去式和过去分词是不规则变化

24、。不规则变化的动词有二百多个， 但它们的使用频率特别高。不规则的变化可以分为以下几种形式：(1) A A A形式动词原形、过去式和过去分词三个形式一样。例如：cut cut cut put put put cost cost cost set set set hit hit hit(2) A B B形式过去式和过去分词一样。例如：bring brought brought buy bought boughtcatch caught caughtbuild built built find found found leave left left(3) A B A形式动词原形和过去分词一样。例如：

25、come came come run ran runbecome became become(4) A B C形式动词原形、过去式和过去分词都不一样。例如： begi n bega n begu n do did done go went gonesee saw see n易错点点拨：區1. 动词原形和第三人称单数的误用：SS(1) The little boy do his homework in the classroom every day.解析本题考查动词的第三人称单数用法。句子的主语the little boy是第三人称单数形式，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，do的第三人称单数形式

26、是does。所以把do改为does。(2) Some stude nts wants to go there by bus.解析本题考查动词原形的用法。句子的主语是复数形式，所以谓语动词用原形，要把 wants 改为 want。(3) My mother doesn ' t often carries some water for us.解析本题考查在助动词does后用动词原形的用法。应该把carries改为carry。2. 动词原形和现在分词的误用：鬲(1) Our teachers are watch the acti on movies in their offices now.

27、解析本题考查动词的现在分词用于现在进行时的用法。从句意可判断是用现在分词和be连用构成现在进行时。所以把watch改为watching。(2) There are a lot of people work on the hill.解析本题考查动词的现在分词的用法，work在there be句型中不能再作谓语，根据句意，应该用现在分词作定语，表示"正在工作的人们”，所以把work改为working。(3) Why not coming here and watch TV with me?解析本题考查动词原形的用法，why not是why don ' t you的缩写形式，后面要

28、用动词原形，所以把 comi ng改为come。3. 动词原形、过去式和过去分词的误用：说 My little sister goes to school last ni ght.解析本题考查动词一般过去式的用法。从时间状语last night可以判断用动词应该用过去时，所以把 goes改为went。(2) My brother said that he had already went to Beiji ng.解析本题考查过去完成时的用法，从宾语从句和时间状语already可以判断是用过去完成时，过去完成时由had+过去分词构成，所以把went改为gone。(3) It is said th

29、at the movie was wrote by his mother.解析本题考查动词的被动语态的用法，宾语从句的主语和谓语动作是被动关系，应该用过去分词和 be动词连用构成被动语态，所以把 wrote改为written 。成果测评自我检测一、单项选择盪1. Look! The rain. Let ' s go and play together.A. stopB. reachC. stopsD. reaches2. Do you know that piece of musicby your teacher?Really? That' s wonderful.A. is

30、talkedB. is writte nC. seemsD. writes3. Look! The stude ntsa book un der the tree.A. readi ngB. are readi ngC. look ingD. are look ing4. His father ofte nhim cry whe n he was young.A. lookedB. feltC. worriedD. made5. When he heard the facts, his facered.A. knowsB. turnsC. fliesD. takes6. I saw a bag

31、on the floor whe n I was on my way to school.A. lyi ngB. laysC. liesD. laid7. The boyhis hands aga in and wan ted to ask a questi on.A. risesB. raisedC. raises D. rose8. It is said this kind of bikesout quickly in our city.A. sellsB. is soldC. soldD. selli ng9. Her mothera popular sin ger whe n she

32、was a tee nager.A. isB. are C. be D. was10. My mother often tells me this kind of milk a little sweet.A. looksB. tastesC. turns D. feels11. your mother often have milk for breakfast?A. DoB. Is C. Does D. Are12 you seen the movie Gone with the Wind? No, never.A. DoB. CanC. Have D. Has13. TV until you

33、 finish your homework.A. Don ' t watchB. Not watchC. Aren 't watchD. Didn 't watch14. you have a sports meeting next month?A. DoB. WillC. Are D. Can15. You must your homework first then you can watch TV.A. doB. readC. looksD. watches16. Her sister English at our city last year.A. studied

34、B. studies C. is studying D. studying17. My grandfather in this small mountain village when he was a child.A. use to liveB. used to liveC. used to livingD. used to life18. Have you read the novels by the great writer Lu Xiun?A. writtenB. is writtenC. writingD. is writing19. There's too much suns

35、hine. Yeah, we'd better the sunglassesA. put awayB. put onC. take offD. take away20. Look! The man is after the cat. Maybe the cat stole some meat in the kitchen.A. running B. run C. begin D. looking21. Can you answer my question, Lily? Yes, I .A. can B. needC. mustD. may22. What' s wrong wi

36、th you? You look so tired. Last night I sleep well.A couldn ' tB wouldn ' tCmustn'tD. needn't23. You worry about him. He will get well soon.A. needn' tB. can'tC. mustn'tD. may not24. Youplay with fire, Tom. It ' s dangerous.A. needn' t B. may notC. mustn' t D.

37、 wouldn ' t25. After such a long journ ey, the childre nbe very tired now.A. canB. mustC. have toD. n eed26. Kelly cooked dinnerher pare nts while they were clea ning the yard.A. withB. forC. toD. i nstead27. It willyou about thirtee n hours to fly to En gla nd from Hong Kong.A. spendB. takeC. u

38、se D. pay28. I thi nk Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there. No, shebe there. I' ve just been there.A. can' tB. mustn' tC. needn' tD. wouldn ' t29. Must I finish reading the book today? No. Youif you have someth ing else to do.A. mustn ' tB. couldn '

39、; tC. can' tD. don ' t have to30. The heavy sno wstorm made the mountain climbershalfway.A. stopB. to stopC. stopp ingD. stopped、完成句子。i1. 戴眼镜的那个男人不可能是我们的校长，因为他去了北京。The man with glassesour headmaster, because he has gone to Beiji ng.2. 现在越来越多的男孩子喜欢踢足球。More and more boyssoccer, now.3. 最近几年中国的人

40、口上升得越来越快。The populati on of Chinamore and more quickly in the recent years.4. 你刚才所说的话让我们的老师非常生气。What you said just nowour teacher very.5. 你的妈妈看上去非常着急。怎么了？Your mother. What ' s wrong with her?6. 你的书包可能在我们的教室里面。Your school bagin our classroom.7. 因为大雨我们不得不把我们的野餐推迟到下周。We have toour picnic till n ext

41、 week because of the heavy rai n.8. 我们可以在街道里踢足球吗？不可以，太危险了。I play football in the street? No, you. It ' s very dangerous.9. 你不介意告诉我如何记忆英语单词吧？Would youme how to memorize English words ？10. 如果你不想做作业就不必做了。Youdo your homework if youwant to do it.三、完形填空爾（2010广东）One day a rich woman lost her purse with

42、 a lot of money in it . So she made a 1, "Ifanybody finds my purse and 2 it to me , I' ll give half the money to him .”A poor man 3 the purse near a shop. He sent it back to the woman , but the rich woman 4_. “There was an expensive ring in my purse besides money , ” said the woman. “ I won

43、 ' t give you half the money in my purse until you return it to me “ But I ' ve never seen an expensive ring in 5 purse, ” said the man.They began to quarrel（争吵）.The man became 6 and took her to a judge（ 法官）. _7the judge heard what had happe ned to them,he said to the woma n,"I' m s

44、ure that you have losta purse, and there is an expensive ring in it . But there is 8 a lot of money in this purse . So I don' t think it ' s yours.9 some time. Maybe somebody will give your purse back ”Then the judge 10 to the man and said , “Take the purse home. If the owner doesn ' t c

45、ome to get it back in two days , it will be yours .”1 . A . faceB . mistakeC . promiseD . con versatio n2 . A . getsB . showsC . poi nts3.A . hadB.knewC . heard4 . A . kept her wordB . cha nged her mindC . tried her bestdow n5 . A . yourB . herC . his6.A . sadB . angryC . excited7 . A . BeforeB. Tho

46、ughC . After8 . A . on lyB . trulyC . n early9 . A . Wait forB . Liste n toC . Look after10 . A . ranB . cameC . we ntD. returnsD . foundD . pulled herD . myD . worriedD . IfD . reallyD. Talk aboutD . turned四、阅读理解碰（2010湖北武汉）He was struggling （费劲） to tie his shoes. I was struggling with whether I sho

47、uld help him.I did, and he was grateful.“Thank you, ” he said."I' m glad I could help. I just thought it would be easier for me to reach, ” I said.He was a disabled man, and forced to look down most of the time. His arms and legs were twisted （扭曲的） terribly, and he couldn ' t do what th

48、e rest of us would consider easy tasks. He always man aged to look up to see how you reacted （反应） to his words, however. He had a big smile, making me feel comfortable.I was still on my kn ees by his wheelchair."Nice shoes,” he said."Thanks. No one ever complimented me on them before, ” I

49、said."No one has the same view of the world as I do, ” he replied."Tell me about the world as you see it, ” I said smiling."Most people can see if some one is comfortable with them or not in their eyes. I see it in their feet. ” he said. “ If people keep moving their feet, I just let

50、them go, because I know they ' re impatient with me. I don ' t want to make people uncomfortable.“ What about me? I asked."I could see your compassion. And then you came down to my level. I was the one who wasn ervous.”he said. " I don ' t no rmally have some one look me in the

51、 eye. ”“ They don' t know what they ' re miss in g,”I told him.“ My old face is no thi ng to brag （自夸）about.” he said.“ But that smile is so big. ”Yes, and it' s not only a big smile but an attitude.1. The disabled man knew people were impatient mostly by their .A . wordsB. eyesC. feetD

52、. smile2. The unlined word“compassion” is the closet in meaning to.A . attentionB . pityC . trustD . duty3 . We lear n that the disabled man.A . had great difficulty look ing after himselfB . always asked people for helpC . couldn ' t have a big smileD . liked to talk about people ' s shoes4

53、 . The writer felt comfortable because.A . he had a nice talk to the manB . the man looked him in the eyeC . he didn ' t move his feet before the manD . the man had a big smile on the face5 . We can infer from the passage that.A . the disable man had somethi ng wrong with his mindB . not many pe

54、ople went down to the man ' s levelC . the man was good at telli ng people about the worldD . the writer would not give the man move help答案与解析風一、单项选择猛1. C。本题考查不及物动词的用法。句子后面没有宾语，所以用不及物动词stops表示“雨停了”的意思。2. B。本题考查及物动词的用法。本句子的主语是music和后面的谓语动词是被动关系， 所以用be和及物动词的过去分词written构成被动语态，而选项A中talk是不及物动词，必须加介词，

55、才能接宾语。3. B。本题考查及物动词的用法。从句子后面的宾语可以判断是用及物动词read表示“读书”，从句子的意思理解是用及物动词 reading 和 be 构成现在进行时。4. D。本题考查及物动词的用法，从句子后面的复合宾语him cry可以判断前面用及物动词 makes 构成动词短语 make somebody do something,其它选项不能接复合宾语。5. B。本题考查连系动词的用法。从句尾的形容词red在句子中作表语，所以句子前面加连系动词turn 表示“脸变红了” ，其它选项都不是连系动词。6. A 。本题考查现在分词的用法。 lie 的现在分词是 lying 表示“躺”

56、的意思，是不及物 动词，和动词saw 构成动词短语 see somebody doing 表示看见某人 /物正在做某事。7. B。本题考查及物动词 raise的用法，从句子的意思理解是用及物动词raise和宾语hand一起表示“举手”的意思，从下文的 wanted 可以推测要用一般过去时，所以选B。8. C。本题考查一些动词的主动语态表示被动语态的用法。sold out是“卖完”的意思。9. D。本题考查连系动词的用法。从句子的时间状语可以判断是一般过去时，句子中的a popularsinger 是表语，所以前面用连系动词was。10. B。本题考查连系动词的用法，从句子的意思理解是用连系动词taste表示“尝起来”的意思，本句子的意思是“我妈妈告诉我这种牛奶尝起来有点甜” 。11. C。本题考查助动词的用法。本句是一般疑问句，谓语动词是have，从often推断用一般现在时，句子的主语是第三人称单数，所以需要助动词does构成一般疑问句。12. C。本题考查助动词的用法，从句子后面的谓语动词seen可以判断是用助动词 have或 has 和过去分词构成现在完成时，因为主语是you,所以用助动词 have。13. A。本题考查