[讲义]2016.3.27李云老师《新题型讲义》

1、新题型三大题型一个对策三大题型一个对策一一立足结构，承上启下一、三大题型1标题容搭配题：一篇长度约500词的文章，有67段文字以及67个小标题。这些标题分别是对文中某一段落的概括、归纳或举例，要求考生将标题和各段容一一搭配。2完形填句、段题：一篇长度为500600词的文章，其中有 5段空白，文章后有 67段文字。要求考生根据文章容从这67段文字中选择能分别放入文章中5个空白处的5段。3排序题：一篇长度为500600词的文章，各段落的原有顺序被打乱。要求考生根据文章的逻辑思路将其重新排序。二、真题展示1标题容搭配题2016 Part BDirections:Read the follow ing

2、 text and an swer the questi ons by choos ing the most suitable subheadi ng from the A-G for each of the nu mbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadi ngs. Mark your an swers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 poi nts)A Create a new image of yourselfB Have con fide nee in yourselfC Decide if the ti

3、me is rightD Un derstood the con textE Work with professi on alsF Make it efficie ntG Know your goalsNo matter how formal or in formal the work environment, the way you prese nt yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University, peo

4、ple assess your compete nee, trustworth in ess, and like ability in just a tenth of a sec ond, solely based on the way you look.The differenee between today' s workplace and the “dress for success" era is that the range of opti ons is so much broader, Norms have evolved and fragme nted. In

5、some sett in gs, red sn eakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-medias like decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal gen eratio n yet the most con scious of style and pers on

6、al branding. It can be confusing.So how do we n avigate this? How do we know whe n to in vest in an upgrade? And what ' s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:41. As an executive coach, I ' ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions-

7、 when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you ' re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you ' re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues, and professionals

8、. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there' s no need for an upgrade and tha'ts OK.42. Get clear on what impact you' re hoping to have . Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it?For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professi

9、onal image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For some one moving from finance to advertis ing, maybe they want to look more “ SoHo.” (It' s OK to use characterizations like that.)43. Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. Wha

10、t are the norms of your environment? What convey status? Who are your most importa nt audie nces? How do the people you respect and look up to prese nt themselves? The better you un dersta nd the cultural con text, the more con trol you can have over your impact.44. En list the support of professi o

11、n als and share with them your goals and con text. Hire a pers onal stylist, or use the free styli ng of a store like J.Crew. Try a hair stylist in stead of a barber. Work with a professi onal photographer in stead of your spouse or frien d. It ' s not as expe nsive as you might thi nk.45. The p

12、oint of a style upgrade isn' t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. I nstead, use it as an opport unity to reduce decisi on fatigue . Pick a sta ndard work uniform or a few go-to opti ons. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist in stead of shopp ing alone, on

13、e article of cloth ing at a time.2 完形填句、段题2012 Part BDirecti ons:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41 45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. M

14、ark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Think of those fleeti ng mome nts whe n you look out of an aeropla ne win dow and realise that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment o

15、r two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky in heritor of a dream come true.The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre

16、, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier.(41) .The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the21 st centu

17、ry ' s culture machine.But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with caution.(42) . I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realise thatthere are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, t

18、he majority of people who use n etworked computers to upload are not eve n aware of the sig nifica nee of what they are doing.All ani mals dow nl oad, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams, birds make n ests. Yet for the most part, the ani mal kin gdom moves through the world dow nl oad ing. Hum

19、a ns are uni que in their capacity to not only make tools but the n tur n arou nd and use them to create superfluous material goods pain tin gs, sculpture and architecture and superfluous experiences music, literature, religion and philosophy.(43) .For all the possibilities of our new culture machi

20、nes, most people are still stuck in dow nl oad mode. Eve n after the adve nt of widespread social media, a pyramid of producti on rema ins, with a small n umber of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge perce ntage remaining content to

21、just con sume. (44).Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on.(45).What cou nts as meanin gful upload ing? My defi niti on revolves arou nd the con cept of“ stick in ess ”creati ons and exper

22、ie nces to which others adhere.A Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately whatit is to be huma n. Downl oadi ng and con sum ing culture requires great skills, but faili ng to move bey ond dow nl oad ing is to strip on eself of a defi ning con stitu

23、e nt of huma ni ty.B Applications like tumblr., which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and the n share them, have the pote ntial to add stick in ess by amus ing, en terta ining and en lighte ning others and engen deri ng more of the same.C Not on ly did they de

24、velop such a device but by the turn of the mille nn ium they had also man aged to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billi ons of people every day.D This is because the n etworked computer has sparked a secret war betwee n dow nl oad ing and uploading between passive consumption and active c

25、reation whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begi n to imagi ne.E The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by ano ther in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players.F One reas on for the per

26、siste nee of this pyramid of producti on is that for the past half-ce ntury,much of the world ' s media culture has been defined by a single medium television and television is defi ned by dow nl oad ing.G The n etworked computer offers the first cha nee in 50 years to reverse the flow, to en co

27、urage thoughtful dow nl oad ing and, even more importa ntly, mea nin gful uploadi ng.3 排序题2014 Part BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorga nize these paragraphs into a cohere nt text by choos ing from the list A_G and filli ng

28、 them into the nu mbered boxes. Paragraphs A and Ehave bee n correctly placed. Mark your an swers on theANSWER SHEET (10 poi nts)A Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable for example, the Parthe non in Athe ns, Greece, the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Ston ehe

29、 nge in souther n En gla nd. But these sites are excepti ons to the norm. Most archaeological sites have bee n located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fe

30、ll into its deep valley in 1911. Thousa nds of Aztec artifacts came to light duri ng the digg ing of the Mexico City subway in the1970s.B In another case, American archaeologists Ren e Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapp ing the en tire city of Teotihuaca n in the Valley of Me

31、xico n ear what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city ' s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hun dreds of simpler apartme nt complexes where com mon people lived.C How do ar

32、chaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the gro und? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavati ons on) large areas of terra in to determ ine where excavatio n will yield useful in formati on. Surveys and test samples have

33、also become important for understanding the larger Iandscapes that contain archaeological sites.D Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire Iandscapes. In one case, many researchers work ing around the ancient Maya city of Copa n, Hon duras, have located hun dreds of small rural villages

34、 and in dividual dwell ings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city cha nged dramatically betwee n AD 500 and 850, whe n Copa n collapsed.E To find their sites, archaeologis

35、ts today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-tech no logy tools and tech niq ues. Airbor ne tech no logies, such as differe nt types of radar and photographic equipme nt carried by airpla nes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to lear n about what lies ben eath the groun

36、d without diggi ng. Aerial surveys locate gen eral areas of in terest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.F Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Ca

37、rter knew that the tomb of the Egyptia n pharaoh Tuta nkham un existed from in formati on found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late0s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evan combed antique dealers'

38、stores in Athens, Greece. He was search ing for tiny en graved seals attributed to the ancient Mycen aea n culture that domin ated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Eva ns' s in terpretati ons of these en gravi ngs eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knoss cs) on the island

39、 of Crete, in 1900.G Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys in volve a lot of walk in g, look ing for surface clues such as small fragme nts of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials

40、at selected points across a Ian dscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried rema ins by using such tech no logies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the Iandscapes around sites. Two and three-dimensional maps are h

41、elpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.41. t At42. t E t011 Part B(英语二)Directions:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresp onds to each of the

42、 marked details give n in the left colu mn. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government's role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose “ fat taxes ” on unhea

43、lthy food and introduce cigarette-style warnings to childre n about the dan gers of a poor diet.The dema nds follow comme nts made last week by the health secretary, An drew Lan sley, who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free bus in esses from pu

44、blic health regulatio ns.But senior medical figures want to stop fast-food outlets opening near schools, restrict advertis ing of products high in fat, salt or sugar, and limit spon sorship of sports events by fast-food producers such as McDon ald's.They argue that gover nment actio n is n ecess

45、ary to curb Brita in ' s addict ion to un healthy food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. Professor Terence Stephenson, preside nt of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, said that the con sumpti on of un healthy food should be see n to be just as

46、 damagi ng as smok ing or excessive drinking.“ Thirty years ago, it would have bee n incon ceivable to have imag ined a ban on smok ing in the workplace or in pubs, and yet that is what we have now. Are we willi ng to be just as courageous in respect of obesity? I would suggest that we should be,” s

47、aid the leader of the UK's children's doctors.Lansley has alarmed health campaigners by suggesting he wants industry rather than gover nment to take the lead. He said that manufacturers of crisps and can dies could play a cen tral role in the Change 4 Life campaign, the centrepiece of govern

48、ment efforts to boost healthy eating and fitness. He has also criticised the celebrity chef Jamie Oliver's high-profile attempt to improve schooI lunches in England as an example of how “lecturing ” people was not the best way to change their behaviour.Stephe nson suggested pote ntial restrict i

49、ons could in clude banning TV advertiseme nts for foods high in fat, salt or sugar before 9 pm and limiti ng them on billboards or in cin emas. "If we were really bold, we might even begi n to th ink of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes by setting strict limits on advertising

50、, product placement and sponsorship of sports events, ” he said.Such a move could affect firms such as McDon aid's, which spon sors the youth coach ing scheme run by the Football Associati on. Fast-food cha ins should also stop offeri ng “ in duceme nts ” such as toys, cute ani mals and mobile p

51、hone credit to lure young customers, Stephe nson said.Professor Din esh Bhugra, preside nt of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said: "If childre n are taught about the impact that food has on their growth, and that some things can harm, at least information is available up front. ”He also ur

52、ged councils to impose “ fast-food-free zones ” around schools and hospitalsareas with in which takeaways cannot ope n.A Department of Health spokesperson said: “We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live Ion ger. This in cludes creat

53、i ng a new respon sibility deal' with bus in ess, built on social respon sibility, not state regulatio n. Later this year, we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this. ”The food in dustry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, especially

54、the call to use some of the tough tactics that have bee n deployed aga inst smok ing over the last decade.A“ fat taxes ” should be imposed on fast-foodproducers such as McDon ald's.41. An drew Lan sley held thatB the gover nment should ban fast-food outlets in the n eighborhood of schools42. Ter

55、ence Stephe nson agreed thatC " lecturing ” was an effective way to improve school lun ches in En gla nd.43. Jamie Oliver seemed to believe thatD cigarette-style warning should be introduced to childre n about the dan gers of a poor diet.44. Din esh Bhugra suggested thatE the producers of crisp

56、s and can dies could con tribute significantly to the Change 4 Life campaign.45. A Department of Health spokesperson proposed thatF pare nts should set good examples for their childre n by keep ing a healthy diet at home.G the government should strengthen the sense of resp on sibility among bus in e

57、sses.三、启承转合逻辑衔接词考生应熟悉英语文章中起到启承转合作用的关联词和短语，以便尽快了解文章的写作思路和整体结构，为迅速找出正确答案打好基础。转折：however, yet, but, an yhow, any way, n evertheless, while, whereas, in stead, in stead of;并歹U、递进：and, in deed， almost, eve n, similarly, like, besides, further, moreover, mostimporta nt, i n additi on, furthermore, too, al

58、so, and the n, aga in;条件、让步：if, only if, in spite of, despite, though, although, even so, even though, rather, after all, regardless;原因、结果： because, since, as, for, due to, so, therefore, thus, hence, in that, accord in gly, con seque ntly, as a result, as a con seque nee, so that, to this end;比较、对比

59、： likewise, at the same time, in the same way, in comparison, in contrast, like, as, just as, con versely, on the con trary ;歹 y举、举例：first, sec ond, etc. in the first place, in the sec ond place, n ext, ano ther, fin ally, still, namely, that is, for instanee, for example, as an example, specifically, in particular;时间关系： before, after,