人教版高二虚拟语气-讲与练(含答案解析)

1、xx 语法讲与练虚拟语气概述虚拟语气是各种英语考试中考察最多的一种。虚拟语气在英语里主要用来表达:1. 非真实的情景，不可能发生的事，即某种与事实相反或难以实现的情况， 或说话人的主观愿望。2. 强制性虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、劝告等意思，表示强烈地要求做到、 必须做到这样的含义。虚拟语气的表达形式是通过动词的变化形式表达的，其特点是主从句时态 的不一致，而起一般有明显的标志。一、If 型If条件状语从句表示的虚拟语气，其句型结构如下:特别值得注意的是，这种虚拟语气的形式存在交叉虚拟，即如果从句发生的动作和主句发生的动作不一致 （例如:从句动作发生在过去，主句动作发生在现在 ），谓语动词要根据

2、表示的时间 进行调整。例如:If Peter had app lied for the po st, he would p robably get it now.要是彼得申请了 那职位，他很可能现在就得到了。If he had left for Shan ghai yesterday, he would get there now如果他昨天动身 去上海的话，他现在已经到那里了。二、Wish 型1. wish 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，其句型结构如下:与过去事实相反从句的谓语动词用 had done与现在事实相反从句的谓语动词用 did与将来事实相反从句的谓语动词用 would/could doI

3、 wish they would change the menu.他们要是改变一下菜单就好了。I wish I hadn' t spent so much mone我要是没花那么多的钱就好了。同样地，在as if/as though引导的宾语从句中和以if only引导的带有感叹色 彩的虚拟语气句子中，谓语动词与wish引导的宾语从句中的虚拟形式相同。2. 由 if only 引导的虚拟语气与过去事实相反 if only 谓语动词用had done与现在事实相反 if only 谓语动词用didIf only she had asked someone'她要是征求了别人的意见就

4、好了!3. 由 as if/as though even if / even though 引导的虚拟语气与过去事实相反谓语动词用 had done与现在事实相反谓语动词用 didHe talks about Rome as if he had bee n there himsel 谈论起罗马来就像他去过 似的。He orders me as though I were his wife他向我发号施令就好像我是他的妻子 似的。三、强制性虚拟语气1 .表示建议、命令、劝告、决心等主观色彩的动词+ that + (should) +动词原形，其中should经常被省略。这类动词包括：It is p

5、olitely requested by the hotel management that radios (should) not be played after 11 o'clock at night.酒店管理人员恳请房客在晚上11点之后不要打开 收音机。We are all for your prop osal that discussi on should be put off 我们都支持你推 迟讨论的建议。3. 值得注意的是，只有suggest意为建议” insist意为坚持认为”时，从句 用虚拟语气，当suggest意为 暗示” insist意为 坚持说”时，从句不用虚拟语

6、 气。例如：When the son suggested that they should go to park on Sunday, the expression on his father suggestedthat he agreed with him.当儿子提议星期天去公园时，父亲 用表情表示了默许。The boy insisted that he didn ' t cheat in the exOf个孩子坚持说他没有在考 试中作弊。（考试已经结束）The boy insisted that he shouldn ' t cheat in tl这 exam. 个孩子坚持

7、认为不应该在考试中作弊。（考试还未进行 ）4.It is/was +形容词/过去分词 + that + （should） +动词原形，这些形容词主要表 示必要性、重要性、强制性、合适性、义务性，即某人对某事的反应。这类词 包括：It is important that students graduating from universities should have not only theory but also p ractice.大学毕业生不仅要有理论知识，更要有实践经验，这一 点很重要。It is surprising that they should kill the time li

8、ke that. 他们竟然这样打发时间， 真是太奇怪了。四、其他类型的虚拟语气1. 由 would rather/sooner ， would sooner， had rather， would just as soon， would prefer 等结构弓导的虚拟语气，其句型结构如下：与过去事实相反 would rather/sooner, 谓语动词用 had done与现在、将来事实相反 would rather/sooner, 谓语动词用 did2. 由 it is time 弓导的虚拟语气，谓语动词始终用 did。3.在lest that, for fear that, in case

9、 that,弓I导的表示消极意义的目的状语 从句中常用虚拟语气，结构用 should +动词原形。例如：I kee P some can dle in the house in case that electric po wer should fai我在家里 备了些蜡烛，以防断电。4. 含蓄虚拟条件句是指没有出现用if引导的条件句，而条件句的意思是用其 他方式表达的。如：without ， but for， otherwise， or， but that， given， provided， supposing， were it not for 等等。例如：Give n me more time

10、, I would have worked out a more p erfect scheme 再给我一 点时间的话，我本可以设计出更加完善的方案。't finished the要不是你n time.Were it not for your help, I would haven 的帮助，我不可能按时完成工作。5.表示祝愿或希望用虚拟语气，例如：Long live the quee n!女王万岁!God bless you上帝保佑你!考点p八、虚拟语气用于名词性从句1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。“ wish +宾语从句 ”表示不能实现的愿望。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句 中的谓语动

11、词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用 “would / could 动+ 词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had过去分词”或“could （should） + have过去分词”例如：I wish that the rain would stop.should 在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用 +动词原形 ”或是 “动词原形 ”。The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. Would (had) rather, would j

12、ust as soon, would sooner, would prefer + 从句结 构这几个句型都表示一种 “婉转的责备 ”，谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将 来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。I'd rather she stayed at home in such a bad health condition. expect, believe, think, suspect, imagine 等动词的否定或疑问形式的宾语从 句中，谓语动词用 should +动词原形。2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。作表示建议、要求、命令等名词的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语

13、动词用 “（should） +动词原形 ”。It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用 “should 动+ 词原形”的结构，表示惊 奇、不相信、理应如此等。常用的形容词：natural ，necessary，important ，urgent，probable，desirable，advisable,essential,常用的过去分词：It ' s necessary that we should have a walk now.二、虚拟语气在其他

14、场合的运用1)虚拟语气在 as if / as though、even if / even though 等引导的表语从句或 状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况， 则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来时。例如：She loves the children in the kindergarten as if they were her own.2)虚拟语气用于句型 “It is (about / high) time (that).中，定语从句的谓”语 动词用一般过去时 (be 用 were) 或 should +动词原形。例如：It is high time

15、(that) we began to work.3) 虚拟语气用在 if only 引导的感叹句中。例如：4) 虚拟语气用在“for fear that引起的'状语从句中，其形式为should + 动词原 形(should不能省略)。例如：She put a blanket over that baby for fear that he should catch cold.1. The teacher required that no one late for class.A. beB. must beC. should have beenD. was1. A。此题考查虚拟语气的用法。

16、动词 dema nd, require，suggest, i nsist, advise， order 等后接宾语从句时，从句中谓语动词应使用虚拟语气，即 “should+ 动词原形 (do / be done) ,”should 可省略。2. Galileo insisted that the earth round the sun.A. should moveB. moveC. movesD. is moving C insist如果表示坚决认为、主张”的意思，后接宾语从句 时，应使用真实语气。another3. I missed the film last night.Oh, what

17、a pity! I wish you chance.A. had hadB. would haveC. will haveD. would have hadR 3 wish，其后接宾语从句时，从句中的谓语动词应使用 虚拟语气。题 3 中宾语从句表示对将来动作的虚拟，谓语动词应使用过去将来 时。题 4 中宾语从句表示对过去动作的虚拟，谓语动词应使用过去完成时。5. She insisted that shego shopping together with me.A. wouldB. shouldC. couldD. might5. B。insist如果是 坚决要求（做）的意思，后接宾语从句时，

18、应使用虚拟 语气，即：should+动词原形，should可以省略。6. Professor Smith suggested that we waste time discussing the problem oflittle importance.A. wouldn'tB. shouldC. couldn'tD. not D。suggest表示 建议”时，其后接的宾语从句应使用虚拟语气，这里 省略了 shouldknow.7. Shall I tell them the news?No, I would rather theyA. don'tB. didn't

19、C. won'tD. wouldn't7. B。would rather后接宾语从句时，从句中谓语动词应使用虚拟语气。表 示对现在或将来的虚拟，应使用过去时 (7、9 题)；a superstar like Jordan.10. I'm a student now, but I wish IA. beB. amD. were D。 wish 后接宾语从句时，如果谓语动词是系动词 be 且从句表示 与现在事实相反的愿望，不论是第几人称，虚拟语气中常常使用were。同步练、判断正误1.【误】 If Della hadn't sold her hair, she co

20、uldn't buy the gold watch for Jim.【正】 If Della hadn't sold her hair, she couldn't have bought the gold watch for Jim.【析】对过去情况虚拟的条件句中 ,从句应用过去完成时 ,主句应用情态动词 的过去式形式 + have done。2. 【误】 I wish I wasn't busy yesterday and could finish with the recorder.【正】 I wish I hadn't been busy yest

21、erday and could have finished with the recorder.【析】在 I wish that 从句中 ,动词应用虚拟语气形式。与过去事实相反时 ,从 句谓语动词为 had +动词的过去分词 ;3. 【误】 He insisted that he should be really very tired and that he must be allowed to have a rest.【正】 He insisted that he was really very tired and that he should be allowed to have a re

22、st.4. 【误】 It's time that you have gone over the whole book.【正】 It's time that you went over the whole book. or It's time that you should go over the whole book.【析】在It's (high) time (that)后面的宾语从句中，其谓语通常用动词的过去 式或 should +动词原形。5. 【误】 It is important that we shall close the window before

23、 we leave.正】 It is important that we (should) close the window before we leave.【析】 在 It is important (necessary,strange,natural,desirable等)后面的 that 主 语从句中，谓语动词应用should +动词原形should可以省略。6.【误】 If only my grandpa see this film with us now.正】 If only my grandpa could see this film with us now.【析】if only表

24、示"要是就好了 "、”但愿虚拟语气的感叹句。本句说 的是现在的情况 ,应用情态动词的过去式加动词原形 ;如果是过去的情况 ,应用过去 完成时态。7.【误】 His suggestion that you must try once more sounds reasonable.正】 His suggestion that you (should) try once more sounds reasonable.【析】 作 suggesti on, advice, idea, dema nd, plan, prop osal, reques 等名词的 表语从句或同位语从句时，

25、从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构"(should)+动词 原形"。8. 【误】 It is demanded that the wounded must be sent to hospital right away.正】 It is demanded that the wounded (should) be sent to hospital right away.【析】 在 It is demanded(ordered,requested,suggested,desired等)that这一 结构中，主语从句中的谓语动词要用(should)+动词原形。9. 【误】 When

26、 a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it breaks.正】 When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken.【析】在as if(though)引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示与现在事 实相反,谓语动词用一般过去式 ;表示与过去事实相反 ,谓语动词用 "had +过去分词 ”;表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用"would(might,could)+动词原形”。正】 I would rather

27、 he came tomorrow than today.【析】在 would (had) rather 引导的宾语从句中当从句表示现在或将来的时 间时,谓语动词要用一般过去时 ;表示过去时间时 ,谓语动词要用过去完成时。11.【误】 Without your help, we will not make such rapid progress.正】 Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress.析】我们有时用一些介词短语 (如:but for, without, otherwise, in that case 等)

28、,或通过上下文来表示含蓄的条件 , 这时主句要用虚拟语气。本句是对过去事实进行假设的虚拟语气的句子 ,without your help相当于if wehad n't had your he Ip,因而主句应当用情态动词的过去式加 上动词的完成体形式。用If it were not for.表与现在相反 谓要用would (should)加原形;用If it had not been for.这一结构来表达与过去事实相反的情况，谓语动词要用would(should)加动词的完成体。二、难点1. I that the old man had lived with his daughter

29、 ten years ago, but he isstill living alone.A. thinkB. was thinkingC. had thoughtD. have thoughtC。一些表心理活动的动词(如think, suppose, guess, hope等)可用过去 完成时或一般过去时后接宾语从句 ”表示一个 “与事实不符的过去的想法、猜想 或希望 ”。2. I to go to your birthday party, but I had to look after my mother inhospital.A. lovedB. have lovedC. should l

30、oveD. should have lovedD。可用 “ should / would + have liked / loved + to do sth表示 过去本来想要 做某事而未曾做到 ”。3. They a lecture at 8：30， but they had to put it off because the speakerdidn ' t arrive on time.A. were to have heldB. were to holdC. heldD. had heldA。可用“ was / were + to have done sth表示 过去本来计划、安排做

31、某事, 但并未做到 ”。4. I would rather not with her about it， but I didn 't control my feelings atthat time.A. quarrelB. to quarrelC. have quarreledD. had quarreledC。可用“ would rathe+ have done sth.表示主观上本来宁愿做某事，而实 际上却没有做 ”，用否定式则表示 “主观上本来宁愿不做某事，而实际上却做 了”。it many times5.I can't recite the poem.Well，you

32、are supposed yesterday evening.A. to readB. to have readC. readingD. having readB。be supposed有 应该”之意，后面只接不定式，若不定式用完成式，表示“过去本来应该做某事，而实际上没有去做 ”，用否定式意思相反，此用法也含 有批评、责备、抱怨之意。6. If Iin health，Iswimming in the lake with them yesterday.23 / 21A. was； wentB. was； was goingC. were; would goD. had been; would

33、have goneD。当if条件状语从句表示对过去情况的假设 时，从句谓语用 had done，主句用 would have done。Mr. Smith at my house.7. I went to see my uncle last night. Otherwise， IA. metB. would meetC. had metD. would have metD。有时虚拟if条件从句不出现，而是通过某些词语（如otherwise, or, without，but for，but等）暗示虚拟语境，这时句子要用虚拟语气，注意要准确 判断时间，决定句子谓语动词形式。此题显然与过去相关。1.

34、高考真题条件状语从句1：If there were no subjunctive mood，English _ much easier （ MET1984）A will beB would have beenC could have beenD would be分析：从句中的谓语用动词的过去should/ would +动词原形。故虚拟语气用在与现在事实相反的条件句中时， 式（be的过去式用were），主句的谓语动词用 本题正确答案为 D。2：You didn't let me driveIf we _ in turn，you _ so tired( NMET1996)Adrove；

35、didn't getBdrove； wouldn't getCwere driving；wouldn't getDhad driven； wouldn't have got 分析：虚拟语气用在与过去事实相反的条件句中时，词，主句的谓语动词用should/ would + have +过去分词。故本题正确答案为 D。从句中的谓语用had+过去分3：If he _， he _ that foodLuckily he was sent to the hospital immediately(NMET1993)Awas warned； would not takeBha

36、d been warned； would not have takenCwould be warned ；had not takenDwould have been warned；had not taken分析：本题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。故本题正确答案为B。4：If it _ for the snow，we _ the mountain yesterday( NMET1991)Awere not； could have climbedBwere not； could climbCDhad not been； couldclimbhad not been； could have clim

37、bed分析：本题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。 If it had not been for 常以固定 句型的形式出现，意思是 “如果不是, ；如果没有, ”。故本题正确答案为 C。注：与将来事实可能相反的非真实条件句到目前为止尚未考过，但应引起考生 的重视。其结构为：条件从句中的谓语用动词的过去式（be的过去式用were）/ were to +动词 原形/ should +动词原形，主句的谓语动词用should/would +动词原形。如：If you droppedwere to drop should drop the glass，it would break 假如你 把玻璃杯掉在地上，

38、它会打碎的。5： It is hard for me to imaginewhat I would be doing today if I _ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda CoxLibrary in my hometown ( 2002 上海高 考)Awouldn't have fallenBhad not fallenCshould fallD were to fall这是一个错综时间条件句，主句表达的是与现在事实相反的情况，而从句 表达的是与过去事实相反的情况 B6：What would have happened _，

39、as far as the river bank？（ 2001 上海高考）ABob had walked fartherBChad Bob walked fartherif Bob should walk fartherC。D if Bob walked farther 这是一个倒装句。如果从句中有 were， had 或 should时，可省略if，并把以上的词提到句首，构成倒装。含蓄条件句7： He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，otherwise he _ a goal（2001 上海春招）Ahad scoredBscore

40、dCwould scoreDwould have scored分析：在本题中，假设的情况不是用条件从句表示出来，而是暗含在上文中。故 本题正确答案为 D。8：Without electricity human life _ quite different today （ MET1991）AisBwill beC would have beenD would be分析：在本题中，假设的情况暗含在介词短语中。故本题正确答案为 D。9：Look at the trouble I am in！If only I _ your advice（ 2003 上海春招）AfollowedBwould foll

41、owChad followedDshould follow分析：这是省去结果主句的非真实条件句。故本题正确答案为C。wish 后的宾语从句10：How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden！（ 2002 上海春招）AhasBhadCwill haveDhad had从句中动词用过去完成式；表示对将来的本题是与现在事实相反的愿望 B 其他从句动词 wish 表示愿望。表示与现在事实相反的愿望时，从句中动词用过去 式；表示与过去事实相反的愿望时， 希求，从动词用 would 动词原形2002 上海高考）11： _ b

42、e sent to work there？AWho do you suggestBWho do you suggest that shouldCDo you suggest who shouldDDo you suggest whom should持） 略。当主句动词是 suggest （建议），dema nd, prop ose, order, in sist （坚,require, request等时，从句中谓语用should +动词原形，should可以省 故本题正确答案为 A。12：I insist that a doctor _ immediately( MET1988)Ahas b

43、een sent forBsends forCwill be sent forDbe sent for态。这是一个宾语从句，doctor与send之间是被动关系，故从句中用被动语 故本题正确答案为 D。13：When a pencil is partly in a glass of wate,r it looks as if it ( NMET1995)AbreaksBhas brokenCwere brokenDhad been broken在as if引导的表语从句中，从句动词用虚拟语气或真实语气均可；在 as if 引导的状语从句中,从句动词应该用虚拟语气。对现在的虚拟用过去式,对过 去的虚拟用had +过去分词，对将来的虚拟用 would +动词原形C14. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, butdidn 't help. （20全05国卷 III）A. itB. sh