ASME-NDE人员培训大纲(修订版)

1、无损检测人员培训大纲NDE Pers onnel Trai ning Program编制：Prepared By_审批：Reviewed &Approved ByAccepted By(NDE Level III )(QC Man ager)日期：Date日期：DateDate(Al)xxxxxx有限公司XXXX Co., LtdRT Trai ning Course射线检测培训课程大纲培训内容Contents of CourseTraining hours培训课时Level I I 级A类B类1Radiographic equipme nt operati on and emerge ncy

2、 in structi on course射线透照设备的操作和应急处理552Basic radiographic physics course射线透照基础物理课20153Radiographic tech nique course射线透照的技术课1510Total总计4030Level n U级A类B类1Film quality and manu facturi ng processes course 底片质量和制造工艺课20152Radiographic evaluati on and in terpretatio n course 射线底片的评定和解释课2020Total总计4035Not

3、e :注A- High school graduate or equivale nt.A类：高中毕业或同等学历。BCompletion with passing grades of at least two years of engineering or scienee study at auni versity, college, or tech ni eal school.B类：在理工科大学、学院或技术学校至少2年学习的经历。Training Course for Level I RTI RT- I级人员的培训课程I Radiographic Equipment Operating and

4、 Emergency Instructions course一、射线透照设备的操作和应急处理1. Personnel monitoring 人员的监测2. Survey instruments 监测仪表3. Leak testing of sealed radioactive sources密圭寸辐射源的泄露检测4. Radiation survey reports 辐射监控报告5. Radiographic work practices 射线照相作业规则6. Exposure devices 曝光装置7. Emergency Procedures紧急处理程序8. Storage and sh

5、ipment of exposed devices and source放射性装置和射线源的储存和装运II Basic Radiographic Physics Course二、射线透照基础物理课1. Introduction 介绍2. Fun dame ntal properties of matter 物质的基本性质3. Radioactive materials 放射性材料4. Types of radiation 辐射的类型5. Interaction of radiation with matter 射线与物质的相互作用6. Biological effects of radiati

6、on 辐射的生物效应7. Radiographic Examination 射线检测8. Exposure devices and radiation sources曝光装置和射线源1) Radioisotope sources放射性同位素2) Radioisotope exposure device characteristic放射性同位素曝光装置特性3) Electronic radiation sources-500KeV and less, low-energy 500 Ke的低能量电子辐射源4) Electronic radiation sources-medium, and hig

7、h energy 中、高能量的电子辐射源5) Scree n to observe the radiati on sources 察辐射源的荧光屏III Radiographic Technique Course三、射线透照的技术课1. Introduction 介绍2. Basic principles of radiography 射线透照的基本原理1) Geometric exposure principles 曝光的几何原理2) Radiographic intensifying scree ns射线透照用增感屏3) Radiographic cassette胶片暗盒4) Compos

8、ition of industrial radiographic film 工业射线胶片的构成5) The “ heel effect-wyhtXbes X 射线的倾斜效应3. Radiographs 射线透照1) Formatio n of the late nt image on film 底片上潜影的形成2) In here nt un sharp ness 固有不清晰度3) Arithmetic of radiographic exposure 射线曝光的计算4) Characteristic (H and D) curve 曝光曲线5) Film speed and class de

9、scripti ons胶片的感光速度和分类6) Selection of film for particular purpose 特殊用途胶片4. Radiographic image quality 射线透照影像质量1) Radiographic sen sitivity 射线照相灵敏度2) Radiographic contrast 射线照相对比度3) Film contrast 胶片对比度4) Subject contrast 被检件的对比度5) Definition 清晰度6) Film grai nin ess and scree n mottle effects胶片颗粒度和增感屏的

10、斑点7) Penetrometers 像质计5. Film handing, loading, and processing 胶片取放、拆装和处理6. Exposure techniques-radiography 射线透照和曝光技术1 ) Single wall radiography 单壁射线照相2) Double wall radiography 双壁射线照相 、 Viewing two walls simultaneously 双壁双影法 、 Offset double-wall exposure single-wall viewing 双壁单影法 、 Elliptical techn

11、iques 椭圆技术3) Panoramic radiography 全景射线照相4) Use of multiple-film loading 使用多胶片法5) Specimen configuration 透照排列配置的实例7. Fluoroscopic techniques 荧光屏观察技术Training Course for Level II RTRT-H级人员的培训课程I Film Quality and Manufacturing Processes Course 一、底片质量和制造工艺课1. Review of basic radiographic principles 射线透照

12、基本原理的复习2. Darkroom facilities, techniques and processing暗室设施、技术和底片处理1) Facilities and equipment 设施和设备2) Film loading 胶片的拆装3) Protection of radiographic film in storage 储存胶片的保护4) Processing of film-manual 底片手工处理a. Developer and replenishment 显影液及其补给b. Stop bath 停显液c. Fixer and replenishment 定影液及其补给d.

13、 Washing 冲洗e. Prevention of water spots 水渍的预防f. Drying 干燥5) Automatic film processing 底片的自动处理6) Film filing and storage 底片的归档和储存7) Un satisfactory radiographscauses and cures不 合格底片产生的原因及纟片正方法a. High film density 黑度过高b. Insufficient film density 黑度不足c. High contrast 对比度过高d. Low contrast 对比度不足e. Poor

14、definition 清晰度不足f. Fog 灰雾g. Light leaks 漏光h. Artificial 人为缺陷8) Film density 底片的黑度a. Step wedge comparison film 阶梯试块黑度比较片b. Densitometers 黑度计3. Indications, discontinuities, and defects 显示和缺陷1) Indications 显示2) Discontinuities 不连续性a. Inherent 本身固有的b. Processing 加工过程造成的c. Service 使用中产生的3) Defects 缺陷4.

15、 Manu facturi ng Processes and associated Disc on ti nuitie审 9 造工艺及由此产生的不连续1) Cast ing processes and associated disc ontin uitie铸造工艺及由此产生的不连续2) Wrought processes and associated disco nti nuitie鍛造工艺及由此产生的不连续3) Weldi ng processes and associated disc on ti nuitie 焊接工艺及由此产生的不连续a) Submerged arc welding (

16、SAW) 埋弧焊b) Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) 手工电弧焊c) Gas metal arc welding(GMAW )熔化极气体保护焊d) Flux corded arc welding (FCAW)药芯焊丝电弧焊e) Gas tungsten arc welding( GTAW)钨极气体保护电弧焊f) Resistance welding 电阻焊g) Special welding processes-electron beam, electroslag , electrogas , etc 特殊焊接 方法，电子束焊，电渣焊5. Radiologi

17、cal safety principles review 辐射安全防护的复习II Radiographic Evaluation and Interpretation course二、射线底片的评定和解释课1. Radiographic Viewing 射线透照底片的观察1) Film -illuminator requirements 评定照明装置的要求2) Background lighting 背景照明3) Multiple -composite requirements 综合观察4) Pe netrometer placeme nt透度计(或像质计)的放置5) Personnel da

18、rk adaptation and cisual acuity6) Film identification 底片的辨认7) Location markers 标记的位置8) Film-density measurement 底片黑度的测定9) Film artifacts 胶片的伪缺陷2. Application techniques 使用的技术1) Multiple -film techniques 多胶片法a. Thickness variation parameters厚度改变参数b. Film speed 胶片的感光速度c. Film latitude 胶片曝光的时限2) Enlarg

19、ement and projection 放大和投影3) Geometrical relationship 几何关系a. Geometrical unsharpness几何不清晰度b. Penetrometer sensitivity 透度计(像质计)灵敏度c. Source-to-film distance 射线源至胶片的距离d. Focal spot size 焦点尺寸3. Evaluation of castings 铸件底片的评定4. Evaluation of weldments 焊件底片的评定1) Welding method review 焊接方法的复习2) Welding di

20、scontinuities 焊接产生的不连续性3) Origin and typical orientation of discontinuities 不连续形成的原因和典型部位4) Radiographic appeara nee射线底片的显示5) Welding codes/standard-sapplicable acceptancecriteria 使用的合格标准 -焊接规程 /标准6) Refere nee radiographs or pictograms参考的射线底片5. Standards, codes and procedures for radiograph射线透照的标准、

21、规范和规程1) Acceptable radiographic tech niq ues and equipme n适用的射线透照方法和设备2) Procedure for radiograph parameter Verificatio n 射线透照工艺参数的验证规程3) Radiographic reports 评片报告Training Course for Level 山 RTRT -M级人员的培训课程1. Principles/Theory 原理 /理论1) Nature of penetrating radiation 穿透辐射的性质2) In teracti on betwee n

22、 pen etrati ng radiati on and matte穿 透辐射与物质的相互作用3) Radiography 射线透照a. Imaging by film 胶片的成像b. Imaging by fluorescent materials 荧光材料的成像c. Imaging by electronic devices 电子装置的成像4) Radiometry 辐射测量2. Equipment/Material 设备、材料1) Electrically gen erated sources 电离射线源a. X-ray sources X射线源2) Particulate radia

23、tion sources 粒子辐射源3) Radiation detectors 辐射探测器a. Imaging 影像b. Nonimaging devices 非影像装置4) Gamma 伽马源3. Techniques/Calibrations 技术/校准1) Imagi ng con sideratio ns 成像因素考虑a. Sensitivity 灵敏度b. Contrast and Definition 对比度和清晰度c. Geometric factors 几何因素d. Intensifying screens 增感屏e. Scattered radiation 散射的辐射f.

24、Sources factors 源的因素g. Detection media 检测介质h. Exposures curves 曝光曲线2) Film processing 胶片处理过程a. Darkroom procedures 暗室工艺b. Darkroom equipment and chemicals 暗室的设备和化学物质c. Film processing 胶片处理程序3) Viewing of radiographs 底片的观察4) Judging of radiographic quality 射线底片质量评定a. Density 黑度b. Contrast 对比度c. Defin

25、ition 清晰度d. Artificial 人为缺陷e. IQIs 像质计f. Causes and correction of unsatisfactory radiographs 不合格射线底片产生的原因及 纠正5) Exposure calculations 曝光量的计算6) Radiographic techniques 射线照相技术4. Interpretation/Evaluation 解释 /评定5. Procedures 规程6. Safety and Health 安全与健康PT Tra ining Course渗透检测培训课程大纲Training hours培训课时A类B

26、类Level II级44Level nn级84Note :注AHigh school graduate or equivale nt.A类：高中毕业或同等学历。BCompleti on with pass ing grades of at least two years of engin eeri ng or scie nee study at auni versity, college, or tech ni eal school.B类：在理工科大学、学院或技术学校至少2年学习的经历。Training Course for Level I PTPT-1级人员的培训课程1. Introduct

27、ion 介绍1) Brief history of non destructive test ing and liquid pen etra nt testi ng NDE 和 PT 简史2) Purpose of liquid pen etra nt test ing PT的目的3) Basic prin ciples of liquid pen etra nt testi ng PT 的基本原理4) Types of liquid penetrant commercially Available 工业用渗透剂的种类5) Method of personnel qualification 人

28、员资格评定的方法2. Liquid penetrant processing 渗透检测的工艺过程1) Preparation of parts 工件的准备2) Adequate lighting 适当的照明3) Application of penetrant to parts 在工件上施喷渗透剂4) Removal of surface penetrant表面渗透剂的去除5) Developer application and drying 喷洒显像剂并干燥6) Inspection and evaluation 检验和评定7) Post cleaning 后清洗3. Various pen

29、etrant testing methods各种渗透检测方法1) Current ASTM and ASME standards ASTM E1208,1209,1210 现行的 ASTM 和 ASME 标准方法 ASTM E1208、1209、12102) Characteristics of each methods每种方法的特点3) Gen eral application of each method 每种方法的常规运用4. Liquid penetrant testing equipment 渗透检测设备1 ) Liquid penetrant testing units 渗透检测装

30、置2) Lighting for liquid penetrant testing equipment and light meter 渗透检测设备的照明及照度计3) Materials for liquid penetrant 渗透检测材料4) Precautions in liquid penetrant inspection 渗透检测中的注意事项Training Course for Level II PTPT-H级人员的培训课程1. Review 复习1) Basic principles 基本原理2) Process of various methods各种方法的工艺3) Equip

31、ment 设备2. Select ion of the appropriate pen etra nt test ing method选择适当的渗透检测方法1) Adva ntages of various methods 各种方法的缺陷2) Disadva ntages of various methods各 种方法的缺点3. Inspection and evaluation of indications 显示的检验和评定3.1 General 概述1) Discontinuities inherent in various materials 各种材料固有的不连续性2) Reason f

32、or indications 显示的原因3) Appearance for indications 显示的现象4) Time for indications to appear 显示出现的时间5) persistence of indications 显示的持久性6) Effects of temperature and lighting (white to UV ) 温度和照明的影响7) Effects of metal smearing operations (shot peening, machining, etc.) 金属表面工艺处理的影响(抛丸硬化、机械加工等)8) Preferre

33、d sequenee for penetrant inspectio渗透检测的首选顺序9) Part preparation(precleaning, stripping, etc.) 工件的准备(预清洗、打磨等)3.2 Factors affecting indications 影像显示的因素1) Pre-cleaning 预清洗2) Penetrant used渗透剂的使用3) Prior processing 预先的表面处理4) Technique used 使用的技术3.3 Indications from cracks 由裂纹形成的显示1) Cracks occurring duri

34、ng solidification 结晶过程中产生的裂纹2) Cracks occurring during processing 在加工过程中产生的裂纹3) Cracks occurring during service 在使用过程中产生的裂纹3.4 Indications from porosity 由气孔形成的显示3.5 Indications from specific material forms 由特定材料形成的显示1) Forging 锻件2) Castings 铸件3) Plate 板材3) Welds 焊缝4) Extrusions 挤压制品3.6 Evaluation of

35、 indications 显示的评定1) True indications 真实的显示2) False indications 伪显示3) Relevant indications 相关显示4) Uncorrelated indications 非相关显示5) Process control 过程控制a. Controlling process variables 控制过程的可变因素b. Testi ng and maintenance materials材料的检测和维护4. Inspection procedures and standard检测的规程和标准4.1 In spect ion

36、procedures(mi nimum requireme nts)检测规程(最低要求)4.2 Sta ndards/codes 标准 / 法规1) Applicable methods/procedures 适用的方法 /工艺2) Acceptance criteria 验收标准5. Basic Methods of Instruction 指示的基本方法Liquid Penetrant Testing Method Level 皿 topical Outline液体渗透检测方法皿级课程提纲1. Principles/Theory 原理 /理论1.1 Principles of liquid

37、 penetrant process 液体渗透程序的原理1) Process variables 程序可变性2) Effects of test object factors on process试验物体在处理过程中的因素效应1.2 Theory 理论1) Physics of how penetrants work 渗透检验物理原理2) Con trol and measureme nt of pen etra nt process variable渗透过程易变因素的控 制及测量a. Surface tension, viscosity and capillary entrapment表面张

38、力，粘度及毛细管 形成b. Measurement of penetrability, Washability and emulsification 渗透能力，清洗 及乳化能力的测量c. Con trast, bright ness and fluoresce nee对比度，亮度和荧光d. Contamination of materials 材料污染e. Proper selection of penetrant levels for different testing(sensitivity) 对不同检测方法中灵敏度的要求，正确选择渗透剂的级别1.3 Proper selectio n o

39、f PT as method of choice当 选择方法时，适当选择 PT 方法1) Differe nee betwee n PT and other methods P与其它方法的区别2) Complime ntary roles of PT and other methods PT与其它方法的互补的作用3) Potential for conflicting results between methods 方法间的不一致结果可能性4) Factors that qualify/disqualify the use of PT 限制/不限制 PT 应用的因素5) Selectio n

40、of PT tech ni que PT工艺的选择1.4 Liquid penetrant processing 液体渗透的检测过程1) Preparation of parts 工件准备2) Application of penetrants to parts 对工件施加渗透剂3) Removal of surface pe netra nts 去除表面渗透剂4) Developer application and drying 施加显像剂和干燥5) Evaluation 评定6) Post cleaning 后清洗7) Precautions 注意点2. Equipment/Materia

41、ls 设备 /材料2.1 Liquid penetrant test units 渗透检测设备2.2 Methods of measurement 液体渗透检测的照明1) White light intensity 白光强度2) Black (UV) light intensity ，warm-up time etc 黑光(荧光)强度，预热时间等3) Physics and physiological differences 物理与生理的差别2.3 Lighting for liquid penetrant testing 液体渗透检测的材料1) Solvent removable 溶剂可去除

42、的渗透材料2) Water-washable 可水洗的渗透材料3) Post emulsifiable 预乳化a. Water base(hydrophilic) 水基(亲水性的)b. Oil base(lipophilic) 油基(亲脂性)2.4 Testi ng and maintenance of materials检测和材料保养3. Interpretation/Evaluation 解释、评定3.1 General 概述1) Appeara nee of pen etra nt in dicati ons 渗透剂显示的出现2) Persistence of indications 显

43、示的持久性3.2 Factor affecting indications 影像显示的因素1) Preferred seque nee for pen etra nt in spectior渗透检测的优先顺序2) Part preparati on (preclea ning , stripp ing, ect)工件的准备(预清洗、打磨等)3) Effects of temperature and lighting (white to UV) 环境(灯光、温度等)4) Effects of metal smeari ng operati ons (shot pee ning, machi ni

44、ng, etc金 属表面工艺 处理的影响(抛丸硬化、及加工等)3.3 Indications from discontinuities 不连续性(缺陷)的显示1 ) Metallic materials 金属材料2) Nonmetallic materials 非金属材料3.4 Releva nt and un correlated in dicati ons 相关和非相关显示1) True indications 真显示2) False indications 伪显示4. Procedures 规程5. Safety and Health 安全与健康5.1 Toxicity 毒性5.2 Fl

45、ammability 易燃性5.3 Precautions for ultraviolet radiation 紫外线照射的防护5.4 MSDS 材料安全性数据表MT Tra ining Course磁粉检测培训课程大纲Training hours培训课时A类B类Level II级128Level nn级84Note :注AHigh school graduate or equivale nt.A类：高中毕业或同等学历。BCompleti on with pass ing grades of at least two years of engin eeri ng or scie nee stu

46、dy at auni versity, college, or tech ni eal school.B类：在理工科大学、学院或技术学校至少2年学习的经历。Trai ning Course for Level I MTMT-I级人员的培训课程1. Principles of magnets and magnetic fields磁体和磁场原理1 ) Theory of magnetic fields 磁场理论a. Earth s magnetic fie地球磁场b. Magnetic fields around magnetized materials 磁场周围被磁化的材料2) Theory

47、of magnetism 磁学理论a. Magnetic poles 磁极b. Low of magnetism 磁场定律c. Materials influenced by magnetic field 受磁场影响的顺磁性材料d. Magn etic characteristics of non ferrous materials 非铁磁性材料的磁特性3) Termino logy associated with magn etic particle test ing 与磁粉检测有关的术语2. Characteristics of magnetic 磁场的特性1 )Bar magnet 棒形

48、磁体2) Ring magnet 环形磁体3. Effect of discontinuities of materials 材料不连续性的影响1 )Surface cracks 表面裂纹2) Scratches 刮伤3) Subsurface defects 近表面缺陷4. Magnetization by means of electric Current 用电流进行磁化的方法1 )Circular field 周向磁场a. Field around a straight conductor 直导体周围的磁场b. Right-hand rule 右手定则c. Field in parts

49、through which current floes 通电零件内的磁场d. Methods of inducing current flow in parts 工件中产生感应电流的方法e. Discontinuities commonly discovered by circular fields 周向磁场检测中常见的 不连续性2) Longitudinal field 纵向磁场a. Field produced by current flow in a coil 线圈通电产生的磁场b. Field direction in a current-carrying coil 通电线圈的磁场方向

50、 c. Field strength in a current-carrying coil 通电线圈的磁场强度 d. Discontinuities commonly discovered by longitudinal fields 纵向磁场检测中常见的不连续性e. Advantages of longitudinal magnetization 纵向磁化的优点 f. Disadvantages of longitudinal magnetization 纵向磁化的缺点5. Selecting the proper method of Magnetization 选择合适的磁化方法1)All

51、oy, shape, and condition of part 工件的合金成分、形状和状态2)3)Type of magnetizing current 磁化电流的类型Direction of magnetic field 磁场的方向4)5)Seque nee of operatio ns 操作程序Value of flux density 磁通密度值6. Inspection materials 检测介质1)Wet partieles 湿磁粉2)Dry partieles 干磁粉7. Principles of demagnetization 退磁原理1)Residual magnetis

52、m 剩磁2)3)Reas ons for requiri ng demag netizati on 需要退磁的原因 Longitudinal and eireular residual Fields 纵向和周向剩余磁场4)5)Basie prineiples of demagnetization 退磁的基本原理Retentivity and eoereive foree 顽磁性和矫顽力6)Methods of demagnetization 退磁的方法8. Magnetic particle testing equipment 磁粉检测的方法1)Equipment-seleetion eons

53、iderations 选择设备考虑的因素a. Type of magnetizing eurrent 磁化电流的类型b. Loeation and nature of test 检测部位和性质 e. Test materials used检测用材料d. d. Purpose of test 检测的目的e. Area inspeeted 检测的面积2)Manual inspeetion equipment 手提式检测设备3) Stationary equipment 固定式检测设备4) Medium -and heavy-duty equipment 大、中型检测设备5) Mechanized

54、inspection equipment 机械化检测设备9. Types of discontinuities detected by magnetic particle testing磁粉检测中不连续性的种类1) Inclusions 夹杂2) Blowholes and porosity 砂眼和气孔3) Flakes, cracks 发裂、裂纹4) Pipes, lam in ati ons andlaps 缩孔和分层5) Forging bursts 折叠6) Voids 孔穴10. Magnetic particle test indications and Interpretatio

55、ns磁粉检测的磁痕评定1 )Relevant indications 相关显示a. Indications of nonmetallic inclusions 非金属夹杂的磁痕b. Indications of surface seams表面裂缝的磁痕c. Indications of cracks, bursts and flakes发裂和裂纹的磁痕d. Indications of laminations, laps and porosity 缩孔和分层的磁痕2)Nonrelevant indications 非相关显示Training Course for Level II MTMT-1级人员的培训课程1. Principles 原理1 )Theory 理论2)Magnets and magnetism 磁体和磁性2. Flux fields 磁场1) Direct current 直流电产生的磁场a. Depth of penetration factors 穿透深度的因素b. Source of current 电源2) Alternating current 交流电产生的磁场a. Cyclic effects 交流频率对磁场的影响b. Surface strength characteristics表面磁场强度的特性c . Safety precautions 安