动词不定式复习六要素

1、动词不定式复习六要素动词不定式是学生感到最难，用法最复杂，又是近几年高考考查最多的非谓语动词形式。笔者认为，复习不定式应重点掌握以下六个方面的内容：一、 识别不定式与动名词作主语和表语表达意义的差异。动词不定式一般表示具体的动作，而动名词则表示抽象的、习惯性的动作。试比较：She likes dancing very much, but she doesnt like to dance with strangers today. 第一处划线部分用 dancing，表示她喜欢跳舞，即习惯性的动作。第二处划线部分用to dance，表示具体的动作，不跟陌生人跳舞。例题 _ is a good fo

2、rm of exercise for both young and old. A .To walk B. Walking C. The walk D. Walk (NMET92) 析：答案是B。walking在句中作主语，表示一种习惯，散步是老少皆宜的一种好的锻炼形式。二、 弄懂不定式与动名词作宾语的区别。1 只接不定式作宾语的动词（短语）：decide, learn, hope, wish, expect, want, intend, would (should) like (love )等。2 只接动名词作宾语的动词（短语）：admit, avoid, bear, cant help, c

3、onsider, delay, dislike, escape, finish, feel like, hate, imagine, insist on, keep (on), mind, miss, put off, practise, resist, stand, suggest等。3 接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词。见表一。 表一 接动名词作宾语接不定式作宾语remember过去发生的动作将来的动作try尝试做某事努力做某事regret对做过的事表示后悔对要做的事表示遗憾mean意味着做某事企图（打算）做某事cant help禁不住做某事不能帮助做某事go on继续做未完成的事情做

4、完一件事后，接着做另一件事forget忘记以前曾做过某事忘记做某事stop中断正在做的事情中断正在做的事，去做别的事例题1 The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed _. A. to catch B. to be caught C. catching D. being caught (MET87) 析：答案是D。miss只能接动名词作宾语，being caught表被动动作。例题2 - I usually go there by train. - Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B

5、. try going C. try to go D. try and go (NMEEET92) 析：答案是B。try doing something, 尝试着做某事。 例题3 - Let me tell you something about the journalist. - Dont you remember _ me the story yesterday ? A. told B. telling C .to tell D .to have told (99年高考上海卷) 析：答案是B。remember doing something, 表示曾发生的事情。 例题4 - The lig

6、ht in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _. (NMET91) A. turn it off B. to turn it off C .turning it off D. having turned it off 析：本题答案是B。说话者一方提醒对方，办公室的灯依然还亮着。对方忽然想到自己忘了关灯了，用forget to do something, 表示忘记做某事。 三、 掌握动词不定式的时态与语态 动词不定式有时态和语态的变化 ，以动词do为例，列表如下：表二主动语态被动语态一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing_完

7、成式to have doneto have been done完成进行式to have beendoing_1. 不定式的一般式所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在它之后发生，而不定式的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示动作之前发生。试比较：Hello, Mr Brown. Im very glad to meet you. 两人见面时的用语。本句用不定式的一般式to meet，表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作。Good-bye, Mr Brown. Im very glad to have met you. 两人告别时的用语。本句用不定式的完成式to have met，表示在谓语

8、动词之前发生的动作。 例题 Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know which country he studied in. A. to study B. to have studied C. to be studying D. to have been studying (NMET99) 析： 答案是B。从后一句中的studied得知，去国外学习是过去发生的事情，因此要用不定式的完成式。2. 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动形式。1. 例题1 Having a trip is certainly good for the

9、old couple, but it remains _ whether they still enjoy it. A .to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen (NMET2002) 析：答案是B。不定式的逻辑主语it是动词see所表动作的承受者，因此不定式应用被动形式。例题2 He claimed (声称)_ in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday. A. being badly treated B. treating badly C. to be badly treated D.

10、to have been badly treated (98年高考上海卷) 析：claimed (声称)后接动词不定式作宾语，故排除A, B。treat所表示动作发生在谓语动词claimed之前，因此答案是D。四、 分清动词不定式与现在分词作宾补的区别。不带to的不定式与现在分词均可跟在感官动词后作宾语补足语，但两者表达的意义是不同的。现在分词做宾补，表示正在进行的动作，即动作的一部分；不定式做宾补时，往往表示已完成的动作，即动作的全过程。试比较：How glad we were to see the crops and vegetables growing so well. 本句用growi

11、ng作宾补，表示庄稼和蔬菜长势良好。They knew her very well. They had seen her grow up from childhood. 本句用grow up作宾补，表示他们是看着她从小长大的。例题 The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. A . playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play (NMET94) 析：答案是A。当人们见到走失的孩子时，他们正在河边玩耍，因此要用playing。带to的不定式用在被动句中，表示已完成的动作，故排除答案D。答案B为不定式

12、的进行式，不跟在感官动词后。五、 掌握不定式的省略不定式的省略包括不定式符号to的省略和不定式的省略结构两种情况，见表三。表三 不定式符号to的省略情况不定式的省略结构情况1 why not, had better, would rather, rather than之后。2 感官动词及使役动词后作宾补时。3 do nothing but, cannot but ,cannot help but 之后。4 不定式作表语，主语结构中含有do的各种形式时。5 两个或多个不定式（短语）用在同一句中时。1 would (should) like (love)之后。2 be glad (happy, a

13、ble, willing., sure ) 之后。3 want, intend, hope, like, plan, afford, wish, try等动词之后。4 在ask, tell, expect, force invite, beg等之后作宾补时。5 be going 或used之后。 例题1 Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. A. ride, ride B. riding, ride C. ride, to ride D. to ride, riding (NMET94) 析：答案是C。ra

14、ther than接不带to的不定式。prefer to do something rather than do something表示取舍关系，意为“宁愿也不”。例题2 Sandy could do nothing _ to his teacher that he was wrong. A .to admit B. admit C. admitted D. admitting (01年春高考上海卷) 析：答案是B。do nothing but表示“不得不，只能”，后跟不带to的不定式。 例题3 - Does your brother intend to study German ? - Ye

15、s, he intends _. A. (不填) B. to C. so D. that (98年高考上海卷) 析：答案是B。intend后跟的不定式用了省略结构，以避免重复，但要保留符号to。 六、 不定式的状语功能1不定式的状语功能主要是在句中作目的状语和结果状语，它的否定形式是在to前加not (never)。例题1 Tom kept silent about the accident _ to lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to (MET90) 析：答案是B。so a

16、s to do something为目的状语的一种标志，其否定形式是so as not to do something。例题2 - Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day ? - _ enough protein and nutrition as youre growing up. A. Get B. Getting C. To be getting D. To get ( 99年高考上海卷) 析：答案是C。不定式在答语中作目的状语。 2only与不定式连用，表示意想不到的结果，而现在分词作状语则往往表示自然产生的结果 误 It

17、took him nearly ten years to find her address, only learning that she had passed away ten years before. 正 It took him nearly ten years to find her address , only to learn that she had passed away ten years before. 析：她早在十年前去世是原来未预料到的事情，应用现在分词作状语。 巩固性练习 1. She cant help _ the house because shes busy m

18、aking a cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C. to be cleaning D. being cleaned 2. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. A. to persuade B. to be persuaded C .persuading D. being persuading 3. We agreed _ here, but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A. having

19、 met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met 4. - You were brave enough to raise the objections at the meeting. - Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to doing C. to have done D. having done 5. Little Tom should love _ to the theatre this evening. A .to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking 6.

20、 Ive got a terrible headache. I tried _ some medicine, but it didnt help. A. to take B. having taken C. taking D. to have taken 7. - Would you join us tonight ? - I _, but I have to prepare for tomorrows test. A . would love so B. would love to C. would love it D. would love 8. I would love _ to the

21、 party last night, but I had to finish extra hours to finish a report. A .to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 9. he let me repeat his instructions _ sure that I understood what was _ after he went away. A .to make, to be done B. making, doing C. to make, to do D. making, to do 10. - You should have thanked her before you left. - I meant _, but when I was leaving, I couldnt find her anywhere. A . to do B. to C. doing D. doing so 11. In some parts of London, missing a bus m