名词性从句及专练

1、八.名词性从句名词性从句一一主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句名词性从句是由if, whether, that和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功能同名词一样。一. 主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句 子末尾。1. It作形式主语It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。例如：It is a pity that you didn 'goto see the film.It doesn ' irrterest me whether you succeed or not

2、.2. 用it作形式主语的结构It is +名词+从句It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that非常荣幸It is com mon knowledge that 是常识it is +形容词+从句It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是 (3) it is +不及物动词+从句It seems that 似乎It happened that 碰巧(4) it +过去分词+从句It is reported that 据报道It has been proved that 已证实3. 由连词that或者wheth

3、er引导的主语从句：这种情况下that和whether只是引导作用不担当成分，不能省略，并且可以转变成it形式主语。That the earth is round is true。it is true that the earth is round。Whether he will come or not hasn' t been decided.It has n'tbee n decided whether he will come or not.4. 由连接代词或者连接副词引导的主语从句：连接代词who, which和连接副词when, where, how, why都可以引

4、导主语从句，可以分别担任主语， 宾语和状语，不能省略，可以改为it引导的主语从句。Who let out the n ews rema ined unknownit rema ined unknown who let out the n ews.Why he didn ' t come here is not clear to anyone.it is not clear to anyone why he didn' t come.5. 以关系代词 what, whatever whoever whichever等引导的主语从句： whoever leaves the offi

5、ce should tell me。(这里 whoever 做主语)改成定语从句：Any one who leaves the office should tell me 。6. What与that在引导主语从句时的区别What引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that则不然。例如：1) What you said yesterday is right. 2) That she is still alive is a con solati on.二. 宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。1. 作动词的宾语(

6、1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略)，例如：I heard that he joined the army.(2) 由what, whether (if)引导的宾语从句，例如：1) She did not know what had happe ned.2) I won der whether you can cha nge this note for me.(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如：She told me that she would accept my in vitati on.2. 作介词的宾语：Our success depe nds upon how

7、well we can cooperate with one ano ther.3. 作形容词的宾语例如：I am afraid (that) I ' ve made mistake.That引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：an xious, aware, certa in, con fide nt, convin ced, determ in ed, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, tha nkful, as hamed, disappo in ted, anno yed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, con

8、tent 等。4. It可以作为形式宾语It不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语that (也可能是to do)从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：We heard it that she would get married next mon th.He found it pretty hard to lear n both En glish and French well at the same time.5. 后边不能直接跟that从句的动词这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condem

9、n, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive 等。这类词 后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如：I admire their winning the match. (right) I admire that they won the match. (wrong)6.否定的转移若主句谓语动词为：think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine 等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：I

10、 don' think this dress fits you well.(我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。)7. 注意事项：1) 宾语从句时态要与主语保持相应的一致和变化。2) 从句的语态要变为陈述语序。三. 表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that 一般不可省略。 另外，常用的还有 the reason is that和It is because等结构。例如：1) The questi on is whether we can ma

11、ke good preparati on in such a short time.2) This is why we can ' get the support of the people.3) But the fact rema ins that we are behi nd the other classes.4) The reas on he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.四. 同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。1. 同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内

12、容，一般由that引导，例如：1) The king ' dscision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is give n by the gen eral.2. 同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：He got the n ews from Mary that the sports meet ing was put off.1. 一般用

13、于同位语从句的抽象名词有：news, idea, belief, doubt, fact, rumor, order, hope, answer3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时可以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语)，而同位语从句 中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征；同位 语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad n

14、ext year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语)2) The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分)whether与if在名词性从句中：1. 引导宾语从句时，whether和if可以互换，但是出现or not时候只能用 whetherI don ' t knowhether/ if I can come.I don ' t knowhether I can come or not.2. 如

15、果宾语从句是否定结构，则用if。丨don ' t cifreie doesn ' t show up.3. 介词宾语从句只能用whether引导。We worried about whether he was in god health.4. 引导表语从句，主语从句和同位语从句时都用whetheroThe question whether he should come himself or send another one hasn' t been decided.Whether they win is all the same to me.The Questi on

16、is whether you can do it yourself.名词性从句专练1. he referred to in his article was unknown to the gen eral reader.A. ThatB. WhatC. WhetherD. Where2. The traditional view iswe sleep because our brain is“ programmed ” to make us do so.A. whe nB. whyC. whetherD. that3. Could I speak tois in charge of Intern

17、 atio nal Sales ,please?A. anyoneB. some oneC. whoeverD. no matter who4. matters most in lear ning En glish is eno ugh practice.A. WhatB. WhyC. WhereD. Which5. You can only be sure ofyou have at prese nt; you cannot be sure of someth ingyou might get i nthe future.A. that; whatB. what; /C. which; th

18、atD. /; that6. It is none of your bus in ess other people think about you. Believe yourself.A.howB.whatC.whichD.whe n7. Having checked the doors were closed , andall the lights were off, the boy opened the door to hisbedroom.A. whyB. thatC. whe nD. where8. Choos ing the right dict ionary depe nds on

19、you want to use it for.A. whatB. whyC. howD. whether9. parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.A.ThatB.WhichC.WhatD.As10. By improving reading skills, you can read faster and understand more of you read.A . thatB. whatC . which D . whether11. The seaside here draws a lot of touri

20、sts every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands makeit is .A. whatB. whichC. how D. where12. Why not try your lu ck downtown, Bob? That ' sthe best jobs are.A. whereB. whatC. whe n D. why13. The lawyer rarely wears anything other tha n jea ns and a T-shirtthe seas on.A. whateverB. whereverC. whe

21、neverD. however14. was most important to her, she told me, was her family.ATlt B. ThisC. WhatD. As15. The companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means of transport in thest ,21 cen tury.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. who16. The last time we had great fun waswe were visiti ng t

22、he Water Park.A. whereB. howC. whe nD. why17. People in Chongqing are proud of _ they have achieved in the past ten years.A. that B. which C. what D. how18. Stude nts are always in terested in finding outthey can go with a new teacher.A. how farB. how soonC. how oftenD. how long19. is known to us al

23、l is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.A. ItB. WhatC. AsD. Which20. When askedthey n eeded most, the kids said they wan ted to feel importa nt and loved.A. what B. why C. whom D. which21. An imals suffered at the hands of Manthey were destroyed by people to make way for agricult

24、ural la nd toprovide food for more people.A. in whichB. for whichC. so thatD. in that22. wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who23. Some childre n want to challe nge themselves by lear ning a Ian guage differe nt fromtheir pare nts speakat home.A. wha

25、tB. thatC. whichD. one24. All people, _ they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since thedisaster.A. even ifB. whetherC. no matterD. however25. As his best friend , I can make accurate guesses abouthe will do or think.A. whatB.whichC. whomD.that26.It ha

26、s been provedeating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.A. ifB.becauseC. whe nD.that27 We should con sider the stude nts ' request the school library provide more books on popular scie nee.A. thatB.WhenC. whichD.Where28. Many young people in the W

27、est are expected to leave _ could belife ' s most important decishoarriagealmost en tirely up to luck.A. asB. thatC. which D. what29. The little girl who got lost decided to rema inshe was and wait tor her mother.A. whereB. whatC. howD. who3O.She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do i

28、t takes to save her life.A. whicheverB. howeverC. whateverD. whoever31. The fact has worried many scie ntiststhe earth is beco ming warmer and warmer these years.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. though32. Could I speak tois in charge of Intern ati onal Sales please?A. whoB. WhatC. whoever D. whatever33. The

29、 how -to book can be of help to wants to do the job.A. whoB. whomeverC. no matter who D. whoever34. As a new diplomat, he often thinks of he can react more appropriately on such occasi ons.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. how35. News came from the school officeWang Lin had bee n admitted to Beiji ng Uni ver

30、sity.A. which B. what C. that D. where36. It is obvious to the stude ntsthey should get well prepared for their future.A. as B. whichC. whether D. that37. Is there any possibility No problem.WhenB. thatyou could pick me up at the airport?C. whetherD. What38. You have to knowyou're going if you a

31、re to pla n the best way of gett ing there.A. what B. that C. where D. who39.1 truly believebeauty comes from with in.A. thatB. whereC. what40.1 truly believebeauty comes from with in.A. thatB. whereC. what41. If you swim in a river or lake,be sure to investigaterocks or bran ched hidde n in the water.D. whyD. whyis below the water surface. Ofte n there areA. whatB. whoC. thatD. whoever42. We must find outKarl is coming, so we can book a room for him.whe nB. howC. whereD.