迎接数字化通信时代的挑战

1、School of Communication and Information Engineering迎接数字化通信时代的挑战一、世界是数字化的二、数字处理的主要技术三、“蓝牙”技术中的数字通信郑国莘郑国莘School of Communication and Information Engineering一、世界是数字化的人类基因密码School of Communication and Information Engineering无处不在的数字化的技术-计算机一、世界是数字化的School of Communication and Information Engineering数字化的通

2、信Data/Voice Access PointsEvery Thing. Over IPIP Over Every ThingPSTNCATVINTERNETSchool of Communication and Information Engineering迎接数字化通信时代的挑战一、世界是数字化的二、数字处理的主要技术三、“蓝牙”技术中的数字通信School of Communication and Information Engineering知识构架数学数学计算机基础计算机基础物理物理数据结构数据结构电路、信号与系统电路、信号与系统通信原理通信原理数字电子数字电子模拟电子模拟电子计算

3、机网络计算机网络计算机接口计算机接口高频电子高频电子通信系统通信系统 移动通信移动通信微波通信微波通信 光纤通信光纤通信综合课程工程实践课程理论课程School of Communication and Information Engineering数字通信系统 CoderCodermodulationDemodulationDecoderSchool of Communication and Information Engineering模拟信号的数字化6 68 85 54 43 32 21 10 01 12 23 34 45 56 67 78 89 9时间时间幅度幅度00010010001

4、10100010110000110二进制：1234586数字序列：CoderCoderSchool of Communication and Information Engineering数字信号处理F F-1微积分富氏变换拉氏变换Z变换数字信号处理School of Communication and Information Engineering信源编码核心信源编码有效性编码 减少份量以降低成本语音编码：PCM M LD-CELP MBELPHi,how are you!图像编码： JPEG MPEG-1 MPEG-2 MPEG-4浊音清音喉形School of Communication

5、 and Information EngineeringMPEG-4视频编码原理视频编码原理MPEG-4的视频编码就是针对运动信息、形状信息和纹理信息等3种信息的编码技术School of Communication and Information EngineeringH.261H.261视频编码原理视频编码原理H.261所针对的可视电话信号最初考虑是在一般电话网中传输的，带宽和码率是其考虑的核心问题。 School of Communication and Information EngineeringMC MC 帧差编码原理帧差编码原理DPCM编码主要是利用同一帧图像中各像素之间的相关性

6、来对当前值进行预测School of Communication and Information EngineeringMPEGMPEG2 2音频压缩编码标准音频压缩编码标准MPEG2则针对数字电视的视音频压缩编码，对数字电视各种等级的压缩编码方案及图像编码中划分的层次作了详细的规定，其编码码率可从3Mbps到100Mbps。School of Communication and Information Engineering信道编码包装信道编码可靠性编码 增加冗余量以确保安全奇偶校验 100100010010001发现1位错误重复码 1111 0000纠正1位错误，发现2位错误GSMCRC

7、编码School of Communication and Information Engineering信道编码信道编码1000111许用码组禁用码组010100001110101011通过增加编码的位数，以牺牲信息传输速率为代价换取通信的可靠性。 0：come 1: not comeSchool of Communication and Information Engineering信道编码信道编码2纠错码（6） 信息位（9）GSM编码 15位CRC码 码间距000111School of Communication and Information Engineering数字电子技术计算机

8、大厦的砖瓦1+1=10A+B=CD000101100 0011011C DA BDABC加法器电路向下为1 向上为0世界万物微分除法减法减法积分加法乘法加法ABCDSchool of Communication and Information Engineering空中的数字无线电波1001000100111110101111000001.ASKFSKPSK10001001School of Communication and Information Engineering数字信道的多路复用TDM 时分复用时分复用FDM 频分复用频分复用CDMA 码分多址码分多址光纤School of Com

9、munication and Information Engineering无线电频谱LIGHTSHFUHFVHFHFMFLFF3*103*103*104456TVFMGSMBluetoothSatelliteVisible light(Hz)School of Communication and Information Engineering高频电子线路 -数字通信的实现振荡器放大器合成器天线微波IC化信号信号电路电路电磁场电磁场基础School of Communication and Information Engineering迎接数字化通信时代的挑战一、世界是数字化的二、数字处理的主

10、要技术三、“蓝牙”技术中的数字通信School of Communication and Information EngineeringBluetooth IntroductionGuoxin ZhengSchool of Communicationand Information EngineeringShanghai UniversitySchool of Communication and Information EngineeringArchitecture OverviewOverviewTechnicallyTopologyRadio/BasebandProtocol stackMo

11、dules&SiliconDevelopment KitsQualificationSchool of Communication and Information EngineeringWorld Penetration501001502002503003504001998200020022004PhonesSmart Phones4228211622372123241716203636586167827375709710910110%20%40%60%80%100%April-May 96Aug-Sept 96Dec-Jan 96/97April-May 97Aug-Sept 97Dec-J

12、an 97/98Feb-March 98April-May 98June-July 98EntryMidHigh*70% of total sales volume Source: GFK retailer panelSource: Ericsson official forecastReplacement2003400100Market Penetration 1997 & 1998 0%10%20%30%40%50%60%FinlandDenmarkSwedenJapanAustraliaItalyUnited StatesSwitzerlandUKKuwaitCanadaGreecePu

13、erto RicoFranceSpainGermanyEstoniaNetherlandsMalaysiaTaiwanArgentinaPolandSouth AfricaThailandLatviaBrazilChinaIndonesiaRussiaIndiaAdd. 981997(est.)Industry Forecast in million phonesSource;Ericsson All (SP,GER, UK, FRA, ITA) - % Distribution by Price segment of Total Sales Volume*(units)1995School

14、of Communication and Information EngineeringForecast Worldwide Sales 2005Million units1002003004005006007008009001000mobile phonesmobile accessoriesportable computers and PDAsdesktop PCsdesktop accessoriesprinterscordless phonestelephone answering devicesTV/VCR/DVDCD-playerMobile devicesDesktop devi

15、cesConsumer electronicsSource: IDC, Strategy Analytics, Ericsson, Silver InstituteInternet connection devicecameras & misc.Remote controlSchool of Communication and Information EngineeringThe Future?Mobile phones is by far the largest segment within Mobile Devices 250 million mobile phones will be s

16、old year 2000 630 million mobile phones will be sold year 2005Desktop PCs is the largest segment in Desktop Devices 80 million desktop PCs will be sold year 2000 140 million desktop PCs will be sold year 2005Cordless phones is the largest segment in Consumer Electronics Devices 150 million cordless

17、phones will be sold year 2000 350 million cordless phones will be sold year 2005School of Communication and Information EngineeringPersonal Ad-hoc NetworksCable ReplacementLandlineData/Voice Access PointsWhat does Bluetooth do for you?“Usage Models”School of Communication and Information Engineering

18、“Design a radio to replace the cable and its connectors” Design Goals Small implementation size Low implementation cost Low power consumption Secure and robust for open ISM band Challenges Fast frequency hopping Single chip integrationSchool of Communication and Information EngineeringGlobal Operati

19、onIndustrial - Scientific - Medical80 MHz at 2.45 GHzGlobally availableUnlicensed and free to useSchool of Communication and Information EngineeringUnprecedented Cross Industry Commitment Special Interest Group Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia and Toshiba And today there are more than 2000 Bluetooth adop

20、ters.School of Communication and Information EngineeringTechnically Speaking . . .Bluetooth Module Small Size 0.5 square inches in production Eventually moving to a single chip solution Low power 2.7V (1.62 - 2.75V) 300 A standby, 30 A in sleep, 60 A hold/park 3 - 30 mA when transmitting 1 or 100 mW

21、 active power Low Price $25 projected to come down to around $5 OEM integration cost Designed for CMOS single chip solution Bluetooth RadioBluetooth Link ControllerSchool of Communication and Information EngineeringTechnical Features 2.4 GHz ISM Open band Globally free available frequency, 89 MHz of

22、 spectrum available FFH/DS Hybrid Radio 10 -100 m range, personal bubble 8 active devices per piconet (share datarate) Up to 10 piconets in bubble (full datarate) 1 Mbps gross rate Future version: 2 Mbps Simultaneous voice/data capable432 Kbps (full duplex), 721/56 Kbps (asymmetric)or3 simultaneous

23、full duplex voice per piconet (CVSD64 Kbps).or a combination of data and voiceSchool of Communication and Information EngineeringBattery Life TimeEstimates calculated with 600 mAh battery and internal amplifier, power will vary with implementation and applicationLow power consumption Standby current

24、 0.3 mA 3 months Voice mode 10 mA (one voice channel) 60 hours Data mode average 6 mA (20% utilization) 100 hours Low Power Architecture Programmable data length (else radio sleeps)Hold and Park modes 60 ADevices connected but not participatingDevice can participate within 2 msSchool of Communicatio

25、n and Information EngineeringRobust Data and Voice Transfer Bluetooth is designed to be robust Open band interference is negotiated by: 1600 frequency hops/s Short and flexible data packets Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) Forward Error Correction (FEC) 16 bit Cyclic Redundancy Check Speech coding:Con

26、tinuos Variable Slope Delta modulation (CVSD)School of Communication and Information EngineeringBluetooth Scalable SecurityProvides link layer security between any two Bluetooth radiosAuthentication (E1 algorithm) Challenge/Response systemEncryption (privacy) Encrypts data between two devices Stream

27、 cipher with E0 algorithmKey management and usage Configurable Encryption key length (0-16 bytes) Government export regulationsRadio negotiate key size Key generation with E2-E3 algorithmsAuthentication and Encryption keysSchool of Communication and Information EngineeringTopology Radio range has tw

28、o varieties Short range (10 meters or less) 0 dBm radio, 1mW Optimized for short range devices Headset, Mouse, Keyboard, etc. . Longer range (100 meters or less) 20 dBm radio, 100 mW Module has a power amplifier built-in Optimized for devices changing environments Notebooks, cellphones, access point

29、s, etc. School of Communication and Information EngineeringTopology Radio/Baseband Master/Slave medium access Radio/Baseband is symmetric Connected devices can be master or slave Could be master and slave concurrentlySchool of Communication and Information Engineering Piconet All devices in a picone

30、t hop together Frequency hopping sequence is determined by the masters ID Phase of the frequency hopping sequence is determined by the masters clockTopologySchool of Communication and Information Engineering Piconet Point to Point Point to Multipoint No base station is needed 8 concurrent devices Mo

31、re than 200 active devices 1 Mb/s gross rateTopologySchool of Communication and Information Engineering Scatternet Devices can share piconets Interpiconet communication Instant Ad-hoc connections 10 Piconets Aggregated 10 Mb/sTopologySchool of Communication and Information Engineering Mobile Topolog

32、y All device are mobile Walknet: The whole piconet cell is mobile Make and Brake ConnectionsTopologySchool of Communication and Information EngineeringTopology, Scatternetmasterslave 1slave 2slave 3masterslave 4slave 5School of Communication and Information EngineeringFrequency HoppingMasterMasterMa

33、sterMasterMaster0123457873747576776A1A2A4B1B22402B3240324042405240624072408248024792478247724762475A3MHz7451622400 Mz2483.5 Mz3Frequency DensitySchool of Communication and Information EngineeringInquiryPageConnectedAMATransmitdataAMATtypical=0.6sTtypical=2sHOLDAMAPARKPMATtypical=2 msTtypical=2 msRel

34、easesAMAAddressLow PowerStatesActiveStatesStandbyConnectingStatesUnconnectedStandbyDetachConnection Procedure Standby Waiting to join a piconet Inquire Finding devices Page Connect to a known device Connected Actively on a piconet (master or slave) Park/Hold Low Power connected statesSchool of Commu

35、nication and Information EngineeringPage and Inquire Scans A radio must be enabled to accept pages or inquires (also in connected state)InquireScanPage ScanTtypical=1.25SleepTtypical=11 ms18 slotsTtypical=11 ms18 slotsStandbyInquireScanPage ScanTtypical=1.25ConnectedTtypical=11 ms18 slotsTtypical=11

36、 ms18 slotsConnectedSchool of Communication and Information EngineeringBluetooth Protocol StackControlRFCommHIDTCP/IPStill ImageObexvCardWAPvCalBasicProvidedAdapted Application FrameworkRadioBasebandLink Man.L2CAPAudio HCISchool of Communication and Information EngineeringEricsson Bluetooth CoreFunc

37、tional PartitioningSRAMFlashBASEBANDLink ControlRADIORF SectionCPULink ManagerHost InterfaceSchool of Communication and Information EngineeringTX-balunRX-balunSwitchRF IC Antenna FilterVCO-tankLPfilterPASwitchControl &datal Filters and baluns integrated into LTCC substratel RF IC flip chip mountedl

38、Laser trimming used to optimize performancel 100mW optional version with PA and Optional Gain Control (- 30 to +20 dBm)l Small outline BGA type package 1mW: 10.2 x 14 x 1.6 mm 100mW: 10.2 x 16 x 1.6 mmRadio ModuleSchool of Communication and Information EngineeringFirst Complete ModuleRadioLinkController(Optional)FlashHost interface USBUART/PCM PAAntennaSchool of Communication and Information EngineeringFirst Complete ModuleKey Features FCC type approved Interface through USB, UART or PC