机电专业英语第2版电子教案

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Unit 18 MicrocomputerI. Lead-in Why is it important to know how a computer works?  Easy, if you don't, it will be hard to control.  Computers were never built to control us even though that is how it appears.  Their creation was just another tool God gave man to use t

2、o benefit society.  What can you do to learn more about computers?  I have an easy answer.  Just read, and use computers more.  They are not that hard and with time you too can become the master over this tool. Computers, the ones we know and love have not been around all th

3、at long. The first home personal computer was not sold until 1977.  We have come a long way since then.  Did you know that in 1983 there were approximately 2 million personal computers in use in the United States. However, just 10 years later in 1993 the number had jumped to more than

4、 90 million.  And now in 2009 the number is estimated at over 200 million. Computers, today are small, fast, reliable, and extremely useful.  Back in 1977 that really was not the case.  However, they both operated in basically the same way.  They both receive data, stored data, p

5、rocessed data, and then output data similar the way our own brain functions.  This article deals with those 4 functions: Memory, Processing, Input, and Output. II. Word Study1. component km'punntn. 元件,部件,组件；成分,部分1) Cannot perform this operation on a component without a site. 如果没有站点，将不能在组件上执

6、行此操作。2. ignorant'inrnt adj.（常与of, in连用）无知识的；不知道的1) If so, an ignorant investor may pick and choose at random, knowing that her selections will be priced as keenly as any others. 如果是这样的话，无知的投资人就可以随机选取，因为她知道自己所选资产的价格会和其他资产一样公道。3. architecture 'a:kitekt n. (计算机) 体系结构；计算机的物理结构（包括组织结构、容量、该计算机的CPU

7、、存储器以及输入输出设备间的互连）Traditionally, a workstation's throughput depends on its bus and memory architecture, as well as its CPU speed. 传统上讲，工作站的吞吐量与其总线和存储器体系结构以及CPU的速度有关。4. processor 'prusesn. 处理机, 处理器1) Yes, I often operate the word processor. 会的，我经常操作文字处理机。2) There was a spreadsheet file, a word

8、 processor file, a graphics editor file. 其中有电子表格文件、字处理文件，图形编辑器文件。5. semiconductor,semikn'dkt n. 物 半导体This fall in demand compounds another problem for the semiconductor industry. 需求下滑还加重了半导体行业的另一个问题。6. capacitor k'pæsit n. (= capacitator) 电容器A capacitor, super or otherwise, is made of t

9、wo conductors separated by an insulator. 电容器，超级的也好，一般的也好，都是由绝缘体分开的两个导体组成。IIILanguage points1. Although you can write software that is ignorant of these concepts, high performance software requires a complete understanding of this material. 虽然你在编写软件程序时可以不考虑这些概念，但编写高性能的软件却需要对这些部件有一个完整的了解。be ignorant o

10、f：v. 不知道，不了解  (1) As a result, many Americans are surprisingly the basic mechanics reproduction. 结果造成许多美国人竟对生育的基本原理一无所知，真令人吃惊。(2) I do contend that we have put poisonous and biologically potent chemicals Powerful Adhesive Tape indiscriminately into the hands persons largely or wholly their

11、 potentials for harm.我要说的是，我们不分青红皂白地将这些有毒的、具有强大生物功能的化学制品，交给了那些对这些制品的潜在危害基本上或者完全的人去使用。2. The major difference between memory and I/O locations is the fact that I/O locations are generally associated with external devices in the outside world.存储器和输入/输出口最大的不同是输入/输出口是与外部世界的外部器件相连接的。be associated with: 和

12、联系在一起(1) In this case, inflation would most be associated with the grand unification of the fundamental forces. 在此状况下，暴胀极可能与基本作用力的大一统过程有关。 (2) Specifying the format should not be associated with the act of saving the file to disk.指定文件的格式不应该和保存文件到磁盘的操作相关。3. However, each bus carries compatible inform

13、ation on all processors. 但是，对所有的处理器而言每种总线都携带兼容的信息。compatible km'pætbl a. 适合的; 兼用式的; (电脑) 相容的(1) As more manufactures produce compatible equipment, the standard will become even more widespread. 随着更多的厂家生产兼容设备，该标准将会更加普及。(2) An industry imitating this and other organic principles would be more

14、 compatible with the organic domain around it. 工业效法这条以及其他的自然原理，就更能与其周边的有机领域相兼容。4. If the write line is low, the system transfers data from the CPU to memory. 如果写控制线是低电平，系统把数据从CPU传输到存储器中。transfer from :从调动(1) The LRT provides free transfer from one route to another within the same fare zone and with

15、connecting feeder buses. 轻铁提供免费接驳巴士服务，乘客也可免费转乘同一收费区内不同路线的轻铁列车。 (2) This is a bit science to include here, but it still astounds me : they've actually measured the time it takes an electron to transfer from one atom to another.这里涉及一点科学知识，但它令我吃惊：他们实际是测量把电子从一个原子传送到另一个原子所需时间。 5. The principal techno

16、logy used for the main memory is based on semiconductor integrated circuits. 主存的主要技术基于半导体集成电路。be based on: 根据, 以为基础; 建立在基础上(1) Scientific theories are based on facts. 科学理论必须以事实为依据。(2) This kind of user profile is likely to be based on a stereotype and is not useful as a design tool. 这种类型的用户简要更像是一种用户

17、固定模式，而作为设计工具没有什么用处。6. The stored information remains valid as long as power is applied to the unit. 只要芯片与电源相连，贮存的信息始终有效。is applied to: 应用于; 施加于(1) When an electric is applied to the electrodes the piezoelectric material translates this into a mechanical strain along its radial axis, to vibrate.当两个电极

18、之间形成电场时，压电性物质便将电场转化为沿径向轴的机械压力，使纤维震动。(2) The reliability of mechanical equipment can be obviously raised when redundant technology is applied to the reliability design.运用冗余技术于军械装备的可靠性设计之中，可大大提高装备的可靠性。 IV. Translating Skills在英译汉的过程中常遇到这样一种情况，即原词表达的并不是其字面意义，而是其字面意义的反义，或者说是对其字面意义的否定，但这种否定又往往不出现否定词。为了符合汉

19、语习惯，往往必须使用与原文相反的字样或句式才能确切地译出原文的含义。这种翻译方法称为“反译法”。下面分5个方面举例说明。1添加否定词反译为使译文通顺，翻译时需要使用同原文意义相反的词，可采用“否定词+反义词”的翻译法，在反义词前面加上否定词。例如：Mechanical seal and ball bearing may be left assembled unless it is necessary to service them.机械密封和滚珠轴承若不需维修，就不必拆卸。(left assembled意为“让它装着”，此处译为“不必拆卸”更为通顺。)There are many other

20、sources in store. 还有多种其他能源尚未开发。2删去否定词反译为了使译文通顺，译出原文所强调的含意，翻译时需要删去原文中的否定词，再将被否定的词反译出来，使原意不变。例如：Owing to rigidity of the spindle and bearings, the fluid bearings never lose their accuracy. 由于主轴和轴承刚性良好，流体轴承能够永久保持精度。3双重反译将句中两个否定词都反译出来，即为双重反译，可使汉语清晰、确切而严密地表达原文意义，例如：A silicon radiation pyrometer is the on

21、ly available transfer pyrometer with a stability of better than ±0.1% annually. 硅辐射高温计是唯一年不稳定性不超过±0.1%范围的传热高温计。There is no material but will deform more or less under the action of force. 在压力的作用下，任何材料或多或少都会变形。（but是含有否定意义的关系代词，等于that not。把no和but都译成肯定，使译文比较简明。）4固定结构反译英语中有些固定结构形似否定意为肯定，或形似肯定意

22、为否定。译成汉语时，往往以表意为主，也可算是一种反译法。例如：We cannot be too careful in doing experiments.我们做实验要尽可能小心。（cannot.too的结构是用否定的形式表示肯定意思，译为“无论怎样也不过分”，而不是“不能太”。）5句式反译句式反译指的是否定句和肯定句两种句式的转换翻译法。有时在翻译时必须使用与英语相反的句式才能确切地表达原文的意思。譬如：Dont start working before having checked the instrument thoroughly. 要对仪器彻底检查才能开始工作。V. Key to Exe

23、rcises of the text.I.1.The basic components that make up a computer system are: the CPU, memory, I/O, and the bus that connects them.2. The system bus connects the various components of a VNA machine. The 80x86 family has three major buses: the address bus, the data bus, and the control bus.3. The a

24、ddress bus decides which memory location or I/O device.4. There are two lines on the control bus, read and write, which specify the direction of data flow. Other signals include system clocks, interrupt lines, status lines, and so on. 1. a unique memory address 2. high performance software 3. I/O de

25、vices (input/output) 4. impact system performance 5. different implementation 6. recharge the capacitors . 1.所有的计算都在中央处理器内部进行，数据和指令贮存在存储器，由中央处理器调用。2.这就提出了一个问题“是发送数据还是接收数据?”控制总线中有两根线，读和写就是用来指定数据流动的方向的。3.集成电路RAM芯片有两种可能模式，静态的和动态的。4.动态RAM功耗小，单一芯片的贮存量大。5.只要芯片与电源相连，贮存的信息始终有效。Key to Exercises of the Reading.I. 1. A computer is controlled by a stored program. 2. The first step in using the machine is copying the program from diskette or tape into memory. 3. Memorys contents are easy to change, thus, when one set of data has been processed, the program