中考英语任务式阅读试题的命题原则

1、中考英语任务式阅读试题的命题原则以2007、2008年江苏省盐城市中考题为例江苏 葛连干文章来源：2008年下半年度试题与研究任务型阅读是新课程下中考英语阅读的一种新题型，它能有效地考查学生提取文本信息及处理信息的能力。盐城市从2007年开始在中考阅读中尝试采用任务型阅读，笔者就这两年的试题谈谈对此类题型命制的一些思考。一、任务型阅读试题的主要特点任务型阅读语言材料和试题的生活化、实用化程度较高，在试题的设计中努力呈现英语在现实生活中的真实运用。该题型要求学生在阅读不同体裁的材料后，根据试题的要求和自己的理解对题目作出解答，强调考查学生在真实的语言环境中用英语完成任务的能力，是一种主观性试题。

2、二、 任务型阅读试题的命题原则1 体现课改理念，突出导向作用。任务型阅读试题以英语课程标准所规定的五级目标为命题依据，突出考查学生在地道、真实的语言情境中灵活运用英语基础知识与基本技能分析问题和解决问题的能力，考查学生学习中沉淀下来的积累与可持续学习的能力。目的是使那些把生动活泼的外语教学变成枯燥的应试技巧训练，靠做模拟考题、搞题海战术的学校占不到便易。以此引导外语教学朝着减少学生过多机械操练语法知识，增加课内外阅读总量，拓展学生的知识面的方向发展，最终达到“培养学生综合语言运用能力”的教学目标。盐城市2007、2008年的试题命制都遵循了以上原则。2 强化基础知识，突出语用能力。尽管任务型阅

3、读试题是一种主观性题型，试题有一定的区分度，但在试题设计上基础知识、基本技能题还占有一定的比例，考查能力的难题所占比例较小。考查双基的试题，努力把考点置于真实、充分的语言交际情境中，并从真实运用语言的角度去设题，以突出考查考生的综合语言运用能力。如2007年的第1、第2小题（见附1）：What was Yuan Longpings childhood dream?What are Yuan Longpings hobbies?2008年的第1、第3小题（见附2）：What do people think of Harrods? Its very_ and _.Alice went to the

4、 _ floor to buy the watch and the chocolate.这四个小题考查的都是对语篇的细节理解，要求学生在对文本信息进行一定的整合后，用自己的语言作答。2008年更是要求学生每空只能填写一个词，对学生的概括能力提出了较高的要求。 2007年的第3小题要求学生根据上下文推断代词“her”的含义，着重考查学生的分析判断能力。3尝试学科渗透，体现工具特点。为体现英语学科的工具性特点，试题在学科知识渗透上作了有益的尝试。2007的第4小题要求学生根据阅读材料首先判断袁隆平的杂交水稻研制成功七年后被引进到美国，然后在所给的世界地图上指出美国的地理位置，把地理知识与英语考试融

5、合起来（见附1）。2008年的第4小题要求学生读懂文章，看懂购物发票，并能算出购物的应付款，这是日常生活中的基本活动与技能（见附2）。4考查学习策略，关注文化意识。课标的五级目标明确要求学生在初中英语学习阶段要能利用字典等工具书进行学习。为了体现对学生这一英语语言学习策略的考查，2007年的第5小题要求考生根据阅读材料从某本字典对“variety”的四条解释中找出其中最适合文意的解释（见附1）。2008年的第5小题要求学生根据所给的商场各楼层商品示意图，写出在第一层可能买的商品。因为stationery这个词在教材中是一个三会词，只要求学生听、说、读，不作写的要求，但隶属于stationery

6、的名词却很多，而且有很多是四会词，答案也较开放。以上两个题目主要考查学生的认知策略，引导师生关注正确的学习方法的养成。在尝试考查学习策略的同时，我们也关注文化意识的渗透。2007年试题选材为名人介绍（袁隆平），2008年为国外生活（一位意大利女孩在英语商场购物的经历）。2008年的第2、第4小题引入外国商场内的公共标志和货币图案，引导学生关注社会，关注生活，关注文化差异。 is one of the signs Alice saw in Harrods, it means people mustnt _ _.The receipt shows how much Alice paid for t

7、he things she bought. The total price was . Which note did she pay with? _（A or B）A. B. 5 呈现介面友好，体现人文关怀。这两年我市任务型阅读试题均采用了图文或图表的形式，不仅与知识和能力考查点密切相关，而且使卷面形式活泼、图文并茂，介面友好。附1：2007年盐城市中考英语任务型阅试题阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成相关任务。（共5小题，每小题2分，计10分）Every scientist has a childhood dream. A scientist in China once had a dream.

8、 He wished to grow a new type of rice. This new type of rice would be as big as peanuts. This person is Yuan Longping “Father” of Hybrid rice(杂交水稻).Yuan Longping was born in 1930. He graduated from the Southwest Agricultural(农业) University in 1953. He came up with an idea for a Hybrid rice in the 19

9、60s. Since then，he has devoted himself to research and to the development of new varieties.In 1973, together with other people, he succeeded in the development of Hybrid rice. This made China a worldwide leader in rice production(生产). In 1980, the technology(技术) for hybrid rice was introduced to the

10、 United States. Now his “super rice” has been introduced to more than 20 other countries. Because of Professor Yuan's hard work, China now produces enough rice to feed her people every year. Last November an online survey showed that most Chinese believed that Yuan deserved(应得) a Nobel Peace Pri

11、ze.In his spare time, Yuan Longping loves playing the violin and listening to music. Every night, he reads for half an hour before he goes to sleep. He likes swimming, too. It is said that Professor Yuan is one of the richest people in China. But he cares about nothing but his research.1. What was Y

12、uan Longpings childhood dream?2. What are Yuan Longpings hobbies?3. The underlined word “her” in the 4th paragraph means _.4. Seven years after the successful development of Hybrid rice, it was introduced to _. On the map No._is where the country is.5. According to the following explanations of the

13、word “variety” in a dictionary, the word “varieties” in the 2nd paragraph probably means _.varietyvraitin 1多样化的；变化：giveto the programme 使节目丰富多彩/His writing lacks .他的文体缺乏变化。2种类：a choiceof black tea特级红茶/varieties of cloth各种布匹3种种：Iron has a variety of uses.铁有种种用处。【生】变种；品种；【语】异体：a new variety of apples

14、苹果的新品种 （4） (5) 附2：盐城市2008年中考英语任务型阅读试题阅读下面材料，完成相关任务，每空一词。 （共5小题，每小题2分，计10分） HarrodsWelcome to the biggest store in EuropeHarrods! If you want to go shopping in London, the best place is Harrods.Harrods is in one of the most expensive areas of London, Knightsbridge.Harrods sells everything. You can bu

15、y anything hereeven a plane or an elephant!Harrods is one of the busiest shops in London. Nearly 35 000 people come to the shop every day and more than 4 000 people work here. Harrods KNIGHTSBRIDGE87-135 Brompton Road, London SWIX 7 XLTelephone 020 7730 1234VAT No. 629 2734 23Date Assistant Ref No.0

16、6/03/08 22927 T0376-000002Harrods watch 9.98Harrods chocolate 6.50Total: ? Harrods is a big shop. It can be difficult to find what you are looking for. Yesterday an Italian girl, Alice, went to Harrods and bought a watch and some chocolate. She found the things with the help of the store guide. Harr

17、ods STORE GUIDELG stationeryG the food hall/mens shoes/watches 1 ladies fashion/ladies shoes2 Harrods pet shop/books/magazines and newspapers/travel3 musical instruments/electric goods4 toys/childrens wear/young fashion5 sports/hair and beauty G: ground floor; LG: lower ground floor (Alices Receipt)1. What do people think of Harrods? Its very_ and _. 2. is one of the signs Alice saw in Harrods, it means people mustnt _ _.3. Alice we