定语从句和名词性从句总结（自己整理）

1、定语从句总结概念：定语从句（Attributive Clauses）：定语从句在复合句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导。定语从句又称为形容词性从句。关系词引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用： 连接主从句。 指代先行词，甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。 在定语从句中充当句子成分。考点： 关系词的选择（先行词不完整的情况要补充完整）解题

2、步骤： 找出先行词。找出定语从句。判断定语从句中缺少什么成分。把先行词带入定语从句中，构成一个完整的句子。题型示例：1.The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.（主）解析： 先行词是 the man. 定语从句是 里面的. 定语从句中缺少主语，而先行词指人，所以关系词可以用who或that. The man lives next to us.是一个完整的句子。 2. October 1, 2008 is the day that I will never forget. 解析： 先行词是 the day. 定语从句是 里面的. 定语从句中缺少

3、宾语，而先行词指物，所以关系词可以用which或that.还可以省略。 I will never forget the day.是一个完整的句子。关系代词用法小结：That：指人又指物，做主语也可以做宾语。做宾语时可以省略。但不能引导非限制性定语从句。（注：只能用that不能用which的情况详见英语必修一练习册第四单元，在此不作详述）。 Which：只能指物（除了人都是物，比如时间，地点，原因），可以做主语也可以做宾语。做宾语时可以省略Who: 只能指人，做主语也可以做宾语。做宾语时可以省略。Whom： 只能指人，只能做宾语。做宾语时可以省略。Whose： 表示从属关系，即“的”可以指人也可

4、以指物的从属。特别注意：1. 只有whom 和which前面可以加介词。2. 限制性定语从句中，先行词做宾语时，关系代词可以省略。如：A: She is the girl _I want to visit.(她是那个我想拜访的女孩)解析: the girl是先行词，指人，做宾语，所以关系词可以用that，who, whom还可以省略。I want to visit the girl.是一个完整句子。对比: B: She is the girl_I want to speak.(她是那个我想和她说话的女孩)解析：the girl是先行词，指人，做宾语。但是 speak是不及物动词，不能直接跟宾语

5、。要跟介词 to.即：I want to speak to the girl.才是完整的句子。所以该题的答案是 to whom.以上A.B两题的唯一区别就是:从句中谓语动词是及物动词还是不及物动词。As的用法: 1.在限制性定语从句中，构成the sameas和 such(a)asEg.He isn't such a man _he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 2.在非限制性定语从句中，一般有如下短语： As we/you know 众所周知 As is known to all 众所周知 As is reported/ as ha

6、s been reported 正如所报道的 As is expected/ as has been expected 正如所预料的 Eg. He is good at English, _we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what关系副词的用法小结：When：做时间状语，表示“在时候”，可以等于相应的介词+ whichEg: 1985 is the year when I was born. Where：做地点状语，表示“在地方”，可以等于相应的介词+ whichEg: This is the school where I have been wor

7、king for 3 years. Why: 做原因状语，表示“因为”，只能等于 for which,且先行词一般为the reasonEg: That was the reason why I was late this morning.非限制性定语从句（Why 和 that 不能引导非限制性定语从句.）非限制性定语从句对先行词起附加说明的作用，可以去掉。而限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限定的作用，不能去掉。Beijing, which is the capital of China, has a long history.She was late again, which made her

8、boss very angry.The old man has two sons, both of whom are doctors.定语从句专项练习题1.  The place _interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _las

9、t month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day _I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.Great changes h

10、ave taken place since then in the factory _we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 7.Can you lend me the book _the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 8.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on w

11、hom C. with which D. with whom 9.I'm interested in _you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 10.He isn't such a man _he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 11.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 12.You&

12、#39;re the only person _I've ever met _could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who 13.I lost a book, _I can't remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that 14.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. fo

13、r that C. in which D. what 15.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when 16.The way _he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./ 17.This machine, _for many years, is still working per

14、fectly. A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after 18.The reason _he didn't come was _he was ill. A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what 19. I have bought two ball pens, _ writes well. A. none of them B. neither

15、 of them C. neither of which D. none of which 20.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago. A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which 21.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 22. Is _ some German friends visited last week?

16、 A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 23. - Did you ask the guard _ happened? - Yes, he told me all _ he knew. A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 24. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _ has a great eff

17、ect on my life. A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 25. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing. A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 26. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it 27. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he c

18、ould see _ was going on inside house. A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that 注： 限制性定语从句修饰限定非限制性定语从句补充说明同位语从句解释说明1. The girl who is playing basketball is my sister.2. She is too fat, which makes her unhappy.3. Do you know the news that she was married last week?判断句型

19、：1. The news that she told me yesterday is true.2. The news that she had an accident yesterday is true.名词性从句（by Mr.Frank）一概念：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses）。名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。1. 引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连 接 词：that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, who

20、se, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why二. 比较：whether与if 均为 "是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下，只用whether不用if.1. whether引导主语从句并在句首2. 引导表语从句和同位语从句3. whether从句作介词宾语4.从句后有"or not"Whether he will come is not clear.三 大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。 It is not important who will go. It is still unknown whic

21、h team will win the match.四. 名词性that-从句1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语。例如： 主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。 宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期 三要到伦敦去。 表语：The fact is that he has not been se

22、en recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。 同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。 形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.你对工作满意我感到很高兴。2）That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。五. 名词性

23、wh-从句1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。例如：主语：How the book will sell depends on its author.书销售如何取决于作者本人。宾语：In one's own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。表语： My question is who will take over presid

24、ent of the Foundation.我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。同位语：I have no idea when he will return.我不知道他什么时候回来。形容词宾语：I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。介词宾语：That depends on where we shall go.那取决于我们去哪儿。2）Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末，例如： It is not yet decided who will do that job.还没

25、决定谁做这项工作。 It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。名词性从句练习题1. _ we need more practice is quite clear.A. When    B. What    C. That    D. /2. _ I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business.A. If    B. Whet

26、her    C. Even if    D. No matter when3. _ he is doing seems quite difficult.A. How    B. That    C. Which    D. What4. _ that there is another good harvest this year.A. It says    B. It is said    C. It was said    D. He was said5. _ that