高中定语从句讲解与归纳

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上高中定语从句精讲 一、误认为关系代词whose只用于修饰人whose用作疑问代词时，主要用于指人；但用作关系代词时，它既可指人也可指物。如：It was an island, whose name I have forgotten. 它是一座岛，名字我忘了。The factory, whose workers are all women, is closed during the holidays. 这家工厂工人都是妇女，在假期中工厂关门了。二、混淆定语从句与并列句请看下面两题：1. He has two children, and both of _ are abr

2、oad.A. them B. which C. whom D. who2. He has two children, both of _ are abroad.A. them B. which C. whom D. who第1题选A，第2题选C。由于第1题中用了并列连词and，从而使整个句子为并列句，and后应是一个独立的简单句，所以选A不选C；第2题没有并列连词and，both of whom are abroad为非限制性定语从句。另外，请比较下面一题：He has two children, both of _ being abroad.A. them B. which C. whom

3、D. who此题答案为A，其中的both of them being abroad为独立主格结构，用作状语。请再看一组类似的例子：1. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _ translated into foreign languages.A. it B. them C. which D. that2. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _ were translated into foreign languages.A. it B. them C. which D. that第1应选B，而不能选C，是因为句中的 trans

4、lated 是过去分词(非谓语动词)，若选C，则该从句无谓语；第2应选C，因为句中有谓语 were translated。比较下面一例：He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _ were translated into foreign languages.A. it B. them C. which D. that此题与上面的第2题不同，两句间多了一个并列连词and，说明这是一个并列句，故应选B，则不能选C。三、混淆关系代词与关系副词有的同学一看到先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词，就认为一定要用关系副词，其实也不一定。在此情况下，还要看关系词在定语从句中

5、是用作什么成分，若是用作状语，则用关系副词，若不是用作状语(如用作主语、宾语等)则不能用关系副词，而用关系代词。比较：This is the factory where I want to work. 这就是我想工作的工厂。(work为不及物动词where在从句中用作状语)This is the factory that I want to visit. 这就是我想参观的工厂。(visit为及物动词，that用作visit的宾语)The reason why he cant come is that he is ill. 他没来的是因为他病了。(come为不及物动词，why在定语从句中用作状语

6、)The reason that he put forth is very important. 他提出的理由很重要。(put forth为及物动词，that在定语从句中用作其宾语)比较下面的考题：1. This is the room _I lived ten years ago.A. that B. where C. who D. what2. This is the room _I lived in ten years ago.A. that B. where C. who D. what3. This is the room _I bought ten years ago.A. tha

7、t B. where C. who D. what4. This is the room _I visited ten years ago.A. that B. where C. who D. what5. This is the room _I was born ten years ago.A. that B. where C. who D. what第1题选B，因为 live 是不及物动词，它无需接宾语；第2题选A，因为虽然 live 不及物，但live in 却是及物，它应有自己的宾语；第3、4题也应选A，因为 buy 和 visit均为及物动词，它们应有自己的宾语；第5应选B，因为 b

8、e born 无需有自己的宾语。四、误认为逗号后一定是非限制性定语从句有的同学一看见逗号，就以为一定要选which而不选that，但问题是有时根本就不是定语从句。如：1. If a book is in English, _ means slow progress for you.A. as B. which C. what D. that2. When I say two hours, _ includes time for eating.A. as B. which C. what D. that以上两题均应选that，而不能选which，因为它们根本不是定语从句。之所以选that，是因为

9、句中已有if和when引导的状语从句，逗号后为主句，that为主句主语。第一种类型：考查which引导的非限制性定语从句which指代整个主句的内容，它引导的定语从句一般位于主句的后面，它的意思是“这(那)件事”，在这些从句中which作主语或宾语。如：1. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. (浙江卷)A. which B. that C. this D. it解析：which引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语。答案为A。 第二种类型：考查as引导的非限制性定语从句as也可指代整个主句的内容，但

10、不同于which的是，它引导的定语从句既可以位于主句的前面，也可以位于主句的后面。它的意思是“正如”，在这些从句中as 作主语或宾语。如：1. _ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. (浙江卷)A. When B. After C. As D. Since解析：引导非限制性定语从句且位于主句之前，用as引导。答案为C。 第三种类型：考查由“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句用于这种情况的关系代词一般为which(指物)和whom(指人)。在这种结构中，介词的选择非常关键，可以遵循

11、以下四个原则：(1)根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词，其动词与介词搭配，构成动词短语。(2)根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词，其形容词与介词搭配，构成形容词短语。(3)根据定语从句修饰的先行词确定介词，其先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词，它们与介词之间有一定的联系。当“介词关系代词”在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语时，可分别用when, where, why替换。(4)根据句子的意思确定介词。有些句子，先行词完全一样，定语从句中谓语动词不是由固定的动词短语构成的，这时，要根据句子所要表达的意思，选用不同的介词。如：1. He was educated at a local

12、grammar school, _ he went on to Cambridge. (山东卷)A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this2. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _ they are being trained. (江西卷)A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which解析：第1题选C，after which 指“在此之后”；第2题选D

13、，考查的对应搭配是be trained for the jobs。第四种类型：考查由where, when, why引导的定语从句关系副词where, when, why引导定语从句时，它们分别在从句中充当地点时间、原因状语。如：1.Is that the small town you often refer to?Right, just the one _ you know I used to work for years. (福建卷)A. that B. which C. where D. what解析：选where，表示“的地方”，引导定语从句，表示地点。定语从句中如何判断关系代词与关系

14、副词 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。） （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never

15、 forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum

16、 _ you visited a few days age? A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one答案：例1 D，例2 A例1变为肯定句： This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum _ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that

17、, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。定语从句中that和which的区别；首先，that和which在从句里都可以做宾语和主语，做宾语时可以省略。在定语从句中,有种说法叫"关宾省",意思是关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语可以省略,不管是that，which，还是whom。但是which能引导

18、非限制性定语从句，that则不行。其次，记得以下只能用that的几种情况：1. 当先行词为all, much, little, none及由any, every, some, no所构成的复合不定代词时。如：We should do all that is useful to the people. 我们应该做一切有益于人民的事情。Please tell me anything that you know about the matter. 有关此事，凡是你所知道的请告诉我。2. 当先行词被any, few, little, no, all, much, some等词修饰时。如：You can

19、 take any seat that is free. 任何空着的座位你都可以坐。There is little work that is fit for you. 几乎没有适合你的工作。3. 当先行词为序数词或被序数词所修饰时。如：When people talk about the cities of China, the first that comes to my mind is Beijing. 人们谈论起中国的城市的时候，我首先 想到的是北京。This is the fourth film that has been shown in our school this term.

20、这是我们校本学期放映的第四部电影。4. 当先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。如：The best that I could do was to apologize. 我唯一能做的就是赔礼道歉了。This is the most interesting story book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的一本最有趣的故事书。5. 当先行词被the very, the only, the last, the just, the same等修饰时。如： This is the very book that I'm looking for. 这正是我在找的

21、书。The only thing that we could do was to wait. 我们唯一能做的事就是等待。注意：先行词被the same修饰时，关系代词也可用as。如：I need the same book that / as you have. 我需要有你一样的书。6. 当先行词既包含人又包含物时。如： They are talking of the heroines and their deeds that interest them. 他们正在谈论他们感兴趣的女英雄及她们的事迹。7. 当先行词是疑问代词who，which，what或主句以这些词开头时。如：Who that

22、 has ever worked together with him doesn't admire him? 曾经和他一起工作过的谁不钦佩他？Which is the star that is nearer to the earth？ 哪个是离地球比较近的星星？8. 当先行词为主句表语或关系代词为从句表语时。如：That's a good book that will help you a lot. 那是本对你很有帮助的书。Our school is no longer the place that it used to be. 我们的学校现在已不是过去的那个样子了。9. 先行

23、词为time时，当time表示次数，引导词用that, 可省略。 当表示时间，可用that或when引导，都可省略。如：I do remember the first time(that) I had ever heard the sweetest voice in the world.我很清楚地记得当我第一次听到世界上最美的声音的时候。I did't remember the exact time （when/that） I arrived in Shanghai last month. 我不记得上个月到达上海的确切时间了。最后，请注意以下几种只能使用which的情况:1. 在“介词

24、关系代词”结构中，关系代词必须用which。如： The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. 这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。注意： 如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首， which就可换为that， 例如： This is the question which/that we've had so much discussion about. =This is the question about

25、 which we've had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。2. 先行词为“those表事物的复数名词”时， 关系代词通常只用which而不用that。如：you should grasp well those skills which may be used in the future work.最后，记得这个特殊情况吧：当先行词是表示原因或方式的名词时，可以用that引导定语从句，相当于介词+which，that可以省略。如： She likes the child for the very reason that (=for whic

26、h) she loves his father. 她喜欢那个孩子因为她爱着孩子的父亲。He didn't like the way that (=in which) she speaks to his mother. 他不喜欢她对他的母亲那样说话。Imagine the speed that (=at which) he drives the car. 很难想象，他开车开得那么快。The reason (that /for which /why) he came here was to ask for our help.他来这里的原因是寻求我们的帮助。关系副词when引导定语从句，从句的现行词一般都是表示时间的名词。此时，关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语。When的含义有时候相当于"介词+which"，因此常常跟"介词+which"交替使用。下面和小编一起详细了解一下关系副词when引导的定语从句的具体用法吧！When引导限定性定语从句是对先行词进行修饰限定，在语法功能上就是一个定语。例句1：There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。例