非谓语做宾补

1、一、动词不定式作宾补不定式的基本属性是表示“将来”。在英语中有些动词要求接动词不定式作宾补,表示了动作将发生在谓语动词的动作之后。这些动词常见的有:ask, tell, cause, force, want, enable, feel, find, get, let, allow, wish, want, like, know, intend, expect, prefer, permit, request, hear, help, order, invite, encourage, warn, remind, oblige etc.例题1 (2003常州高三模拟测试题24His parent

2、s meant him _ science research, but he showed no interest and turned poet.A. going in forB. to have gone in forC. to go in forD. having gone in for解析本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。动词mean(想要后接不定式作宾补。题干的后半句“对此没有兴趣,就当了诗人”表明他已使父母的愿望落空。所以,用不定式完成体。答案:B例题2 (2004太原高三模拟考试(二24Parents should encourage their children _ their own

3、 decisions in order to develop their independenceA. makingB. madeC. to makeD. to have made解析本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。Allow 后面要跟带to 的不定式作宾补。D项表示动作处于完成状态,不合题义。答案:C例题3 (2004昆明市高三模拟题24Do you have anything _, sir?No, thank you.A. to typeB. to be typedC. typeD. typing解析本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。题干中的have sth to be done 不同于have sth

4、 to do。前者中的to be done作宾补,表示有事情让他人做;而后者中的to do 作定语,表示自己有事要做。答案:B例题4 (2004湖北省重点中学高三第二学联考题31What would you need, besides a sewing-machine, _ a dress?Youd have to have some material and a pair of scissors.A. makeB. madeC. makingD. to make解析本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。题干中的besides a sewing-machine是插入成分。简化后可以清晰地看出“Sb nee

5、d sth to do sth”这一基本句型。答案:D二、To be 不定式作宾补在英语中有些动词要求接to be不定式作宾补,用来说明逻辑主语的身份特征。这些动词常见的有:Believe, consider, discover, declare, dind, feel, know, think, prove, suppose, turn out, judge, imagine, guess etc.例题5 (2003广州市高中毕业班综合测试(一25What does Mr. White think of Tom?He _ Tom a good student.A. recognizeB. b

6、elievesC. considersD. agree解析本题考查动词的用法。题中的believe 和consider 都可以跟to be 不定式作宾补。如果是名词作不定式的表语,consider后的to be 可以省掉,而believe 只有在形容词作表语时才可以省掉to be。答案:C例题6 (2004宁波十校联考30How old is he?I should suppose _ about twenty.A. him to beB. him beingC. to beD. he be解析本题考查suppose后面跟复合结构作宾语。Suppose 后可以接从句,但一般用陈述语气。所以选A

7、, 即用to be 不定式作宾补。答案:A这种结构在书面语言中使用较多,而在口语中多用宾语从句。在think, believe, consider, find 等词后,to be 不定式通常可以不用,例如:They found the answer (to be quite satisfactory.I believe him (to be right.三、省掉to 的不定式作宾补在英语中有两种动词可以接省掉to 的不定式作宾补。一类是使役动词let, make 和have,表示动作发生在谓语动作之后;另一类是感官动词see, watch, notice, observe, look at,

8、listen to, hear, feel 等。这些动词后使用省掉to 的不定式强调动作的结果,表示动作发生了。例题7 (2003烟台市高考适应性练习(三29It is encouraging to see millions on the earth who had nothing but a record of misery and hunger _ the chance to improve their life.A. havingB. to haveC. haveD. who have解析本题考查省掉to的不定式作宾补。题干中的who引导的定语从句连同介词短语on theearth都可以

9、理解为干扰成分。简化后便成“It is encouraging to see sb have the chance to do sth”答案:C但是在被动语态中必须在不定式前再加上to。例题8 (2002陕西省高考模拟考试(二23Does anyone want an extra ticket to go to the movies?Whom would rather _ with you, Gorge or me?A. to goB. have goneC. have goD. going解析本题考察省掉to 的不定式作宾补的用法。疑问词whom作使役动词have的宾语,因为被提前,而增加了

10、本题的难度系数。答案:C例题9 (2004南阳市高三第二次模拟考试26Do you have any clothes _, sir?No, thank you, I had my daughter _ them this morning.A to wash; washedB washing; washC washed; to washD to be washed; wash解析本题既考查不定式的被动形式作宾补,又考查了省掉to的不定式作宾补。第一have sth to be done中的不定式被动形式表示让主语以外的人去做;第二句中have是使役动词,后面要求跟省掉to 的不定式作宾补。用答案

11、:D四、现在分词作宾补在英语中感官动词后还可以接现在分词作宾补,强调动作(当时正在发生。这类动词有:see, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen to, hear, feel 等。例题10 (2003北京海淀区高三第二学期期末练习26ONeal works hard. He is often seen _ heavily before his teammates have even arrived at practice.A. sweatedB. to be sweatedC. sweatingD. being sweated解析本题考查非谓语动词作

12、主补。在本题的主动语态see sb doing结构中,现在分词作宾补,表示动作当时正在进行。所以选用sweating,描写人们看到奥尼尔大汗淋漓的景象。答案:C例题11 (2003NMET 22A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked解析本题查考非谓语动词。例题12 (2004北京春招32He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passen

13、ger.A. putB. to be puttingC. to putD. putting解析本题考查现在分词作宾补。Catch sb doing sth 意思是“无意发现某人(正在做什么”。B 项是不定式的进行体,表示将来正在做某事,不合题义。答案:D五、过去分词作宾补在英语中有少数动词可以跟过去分词作宾补, 表明过去分词和逻辑主语之间呈被动关系。这类动词有:Find, feel, hear, see, have, get, leave, like, keep, expect, want, wish, make, order 等。例题13 (20022NMET22The manager di

14、scussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A. carry outB. carrying outC. carried outD. to carry out解析定语从句they would like to see修饰先行词the plan,关系代词that则指代plan, 做see 的宾语,carry out 的对象是plan, 故用过去分词作宾补。例题14 (2003北京宣武区高三质量检测27You will find the word “psychology” _ under “P” in you r dicti

15、onary.A. have listedB. listC. listedD. listing解析非谓语动词“列”同逻辑主语“psychology”之间呈被动关系,所以使用过去分词作宾补。答案:C例题15 (2003临汾市高考模拟考试32What are you up to tomorrow morning?Im going to the passport office _.A. for stamping my passportB. to stamp my passportC. to have stamped my passportD. to have my passport stamped解析B和C分别使用了动词不定式的一般体和完成体,但实质含义都是说明由不定式的逻辑主语“I”去给护照盖章,所以不合题义。而D项的意思是(叫人给护照盖个章,所以使用由名词+过去分词组成的复合结构作宾语。答案:D例题16 (2004桂林市高考第一次模拟试题23The tea