高一英语定语从句讲解

1、高 一 定 语 从 句 讲 解 嘉定二中高一英语组第一讲1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语一：先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词二：关系代词：用来连接定语从句，并在从句中代表先行词的代词。先行词是物：which that先行词是人： who whom that在从句中充当的成分：主语、宾语(1)先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。e.g.把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句1. They had a radio. It could_send out messages.They had a radio which/ that could sen

2、d out message.(主 语)2. The girl is my best friend. She spoke just now.3. He always buys some books. He never read them.、/、q ,，、厂 t_K注息点：1 .)定语从句一般直接跟在先行词的后面：e.g. 4. The man who lives next door sells vegetables.The man sells vegetables who lives next door. (x )5. The car which my uncle just bought was

3、 destroyed in the earthquake.The car was destroyed in the earthquake which my uncle just bought. ( x )2 .)关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略：e.g. 6. The young man ( whom ) you saw was our manager.7. There is something ( that ) we must keep in mind.找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分1. The man who told me the news refused to g

4、ive me the name.2. The airline has a booklet which will tell you most of the important things about a trip to Europe.3. He found a dollar bill that he had forgotten in a suit .4. He is the man whom we all respect.5. There is somebody who wants to see you.6. The house I would like to buy is not for s

5、ale.7. The bicycle my uncle gave me was very expensive.第二讲whose的用法：关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格,即“的”时，它既可以修饰指人的先行词，也可以修饰指物的先行词。e.g. 1. The girl is my daughter. Her work got the first prize.The girl whose work got the first prize is my daughter.2. The book is not mine. The cover of it is red.The book whose cover

6、is red is not mine （ The book thecover of which is red is not mine）3. Do you know anyone? His family is in Xi ' an.4. I live in the room. The windows of it face south.5. The chair has been repaired. The leg of it was broken.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。e.g. I was the o

7、nly person in our office who was invited. （去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。e.g. Tom ' s father, who is over sixty, still works hard dayand night.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）that 与which的区另11）用that而不用which的情况先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing,little,few,muchsomethi

8、ng someone;先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；先行词有 the only, the very, any,the same , the last等词修饰；先行词既有人又有物时。5.避免重复Who is the person that is standing there?e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it.没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.一标林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 这部

9、电影是我看过 的最好的一部。史密斯先生是他认 识的唯一的外国人。2）用which而不用that的情况：引导非限制性定语从句； 指代前面整个主句的意思； 介词+关系代词。e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father veryangry.This is the room in which my fathe门ived last year.找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分1. What is the address of the factory whose advertisement we noticed t

10、he other day.2. I saw some trees whose leaves were black with disease.3. It was a meeting whose importance I didn ' t realize at the time.4. The Great Wall was the first place that went to visit while they were in China.5. Miss Smith, who you met at our house, is going to marry Mr. Harry.6. He f

11、ailed in the exam, which made his classmates surprised.第三讲关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时，关系代 词只酢用which 或whome.g. 1. The man is a famous runner. You talked to him just now.The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.2. The chair is made of wood. He is sitting on it now. The chair on which he

12、is sitting now is made of wood.3. He is a library assistant. I borrowed some books from him.4. It is a famous school. He graduated from it 3 years ago.介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配，Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?(shake handswith是习惯性搭配)介词常受先行词的制约(即介词和先行词的搭配)，He built a telescope through which

13、 he could study the skies.(through which 即 through the telescope)有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，(look after takecare of look for)e.g. 5. He is the student. / The teachers are looking for him.He is the student who the teachers are looking for.6. The number of the children is 30. / She takes care of the child

14、ren.The number of the children who she takes care of is 30.找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分1. This is the house about which we wrote to you.2. Wu Dong, with whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.3. He used to live in a big house in front of which grew many banana trees.4. This is Peter in whose

15、 house I have lived for five years.第四讲关系副词： when where why当先行词是表示时间的名词，用 when,在定语从句中充当时间状语，这时 一般可以用介词+ which来代替：e.g. 1. I will never forget the day./ I went to university on that day.I will never forget the day when/ on which I went to university.2. He still remember the morning. / The earthquake ha

16、ppened onthat morning.当先行词是表示地点的名词，用 where,在定语从句中充当地点状语，这时一般可以用介词 which 来代替 :e.g. 3. This is the house. / He used to live in the house.This is the house where/ in which he used to live.4. I know of a place in which/where we can swim先行词是表示原因的名词， 即 reason ， 用 why， 在定语从句中充当原因状语，这时一般可以用 for which 来代替 :e

17、.g. 5. I don t know the reason. / He did it for this reason.I don t know the reason why/ for which he did it.6. The reason for which/why he was fired was not clear.I will never forget the day _which/that/ 不填 _ we spent together in the countrysideI will never forget the days_during which/when_ we sta

18、yed together in the countrysideThis is the reason_that/which/ 不填 _ they told meThis is the reason_for which/why_ he turned the jobf 找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分1. I know a forest where you can find wild strawberries.2. Is there any reason why you should have a holiday.3. I will show you the way to the

19、 Friendship Hotel where foreign visitors are staying.4. Be sure to call on us next time when you come to town.5. We shall never forget the days when we were united as one to fight against the Japanese.第五讲注意点：要注意判断关系词及 关系词在从句中所充当的成分。e.g. 1. This is the house He visited it yesterday. This is the house

20、. He once lived in it. _This is the house which/that / / he visited yesterday.This is the house where/in which he once lived.2. We will remember the day. We spent the day together.We will remember the day. We worked on this day together.找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分1. I will show you to the factory whi

21、ch produces this kind of TV sets.2. I will show you to the factory where he has worked for five years.3. I will showyou to the factory whoseworkers are all disabled people.4. I will show you to the factory which your factory once visited five years ago.第六讲定语从句时特别注意的几个问题as引导定语从句时的用法1. as引导限制性定语从句通常用于

22、 the sameas, such as结构 1e.g. Such machines as are used in our workshop are madein China. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。我要一件 跟我朋友一样的衬衫。2. as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用 来修饰整个句子。常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。e.g. As I expected, he got the fi

23、rst place again in this mid-term examination.正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了 第一名。关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决 一e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently.The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.He is the only one of the students who has got very good mark

24、s.(one为先行词)He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.( students 为先行词)定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I can t understand.引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词 + which ”来代替。e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the People s Republic of Chin

25、a was founded.几个特殊的定语从句句型：1. Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?Is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday ?2. situation 后常用 where,in which 引导定语从句：Can you imagine a situation where/in which you can use the word?3. way(方式，方法)后常用in which或that或省略来引导定语从 句，也可省略：Do you know the way

26、(in which/that/how) he worked out the problem?4. Hestood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分1. He is a teacher, as is clear form his manner.2. As is known to all, water resources are very limited on

27、 the earth.3. He used such expressions as he could find in the texts.4. They stayed for the night in the same room as they had once rented5. I don t like the way he speaks.6. He is one of the students who know the Japanese.7. He is the only one of the students who knows the Japanese.定语从句配套练习第一讲一、把下列

28、每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.2. The manis in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.4. The students will not pass the exam . They don t study hard.5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the par

29、k.6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分The thief who had robbe

30、d the man was caught by the policeman.I have to make up for the test that I missed last week.The car I hired broke down on my way home.Thank you very much for the present you sent me.Do you know anyone who wants to buy a second-hand motorbike.第二讲一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：1. Here is the girl. Her brot

31、her works in this shop.2. That s the child. We were looking at his drawing just now.3. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.4. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework haven t been handed in.5. Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my class.把下列每对句子合并成含有非限制性定语从句的主从复合句：6. He has a brother.

32、 He is an artist.7. This poem was written by the famous writer. Almost everybody knows it.8. They have invited me to dinner. It is very kind of them.9. My father arrived at the town yesterday. He had been on a visit to American.10. The travelers took another road. They knew about the floods.用that 、w

33、hich或whose将下列每一组句子合并成一个含有定语从句的复合句1. A plane is a machine. A plane can fly.2. Tea is mostly from China. It is loved by manypeoples in the world.3. All the students in my class like the book. The book tells about Harry Porter.4. I have a very smart brother. He is only seventeen years old now.5. An ear

34、thquake happened in 1976. The earthquake totally destroyed Tangshan.6. Everybody wants to enjoy the picture. You took the picture just yesterday.7. My wife is a very efficient woman. Her class always comes out first in the school.8. I stayed in a nice room in Qingdao. The window of the room opens to

35、 the sea.9. I m sorry to have killed the hen. It lays ten eggs everyday on average.1.1 I like this new book very much. Its cover is designed by a friend of mine.1.2 In front of myvillage flows a small river. It is not polluted yet.12 .Who is the gentleman? He is standing over there.13 .Did you see a

36、 novel named The Godfather? It was on my desk just now.14.I used to work with a computer company. The company has a staff of over 600.15.B. Gates is the richest man in the world. His wealth comesto some $50 billion.16 .These are the books. You will need them.17 .The car broke downhalfway to Hangzhou

37、. Wewere driving the car there.18 .Lecture Room （百家讲坛） is a famous program. Many people like it.19 .China is an ancient country. Its history covers about 5,000 years.20 .My father is a teacher of physics. His job is taking care of his students.第三讲一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：16. The service should be im

38、proved. The students complain a lot about it.17. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.18. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.19. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple.20. She came into a big ro

39、om. In the middle of it stood a large table.二、根据句子意思， 填入介词加关系代词费1. The person I spoke just nowis the manager that I told you about.2. The pencil he was writing broke.4. The two things Marx was not sure were the grammar and some ofthe idioms of English.5. Her bag, she put all her books, has not been

40、found.6. The stories about the Long March, this is one example, are wellwritten.7. The ship, the Europeans sailed to the American continent, wascalled the Mayflower.8. The family I stayed in Rome is coming to England soon.9. He has written a book, the name I have completely forgotten.10. It is a fam

41、ily of eight children, all are studying music.11. Can you suggest a time it will be convenient to meet.12. The town, they came, was in the north of the province.13. The fur coat the lady was dressed was very expensive.14. The emperor, the palace was built, was very cruel.15. He had a dream he was ta

42、ken to the amusement park.16. The money he bought the bike, was given by his grandfather.17. Ann White, we received the invitation, lives next door tous.18. The story, the film is based , is a true one.第四讲一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：1. I still remember the day. We first met on the day.2. Is there any s

43、hop around? I can buy a pen in the shop.3. The year 1986 was important in history. The American astronauts first landed on the moon in this year.5. The city is on the new railway line. I was born in this city.6. This is the reason. He left the company.第五讲e.g. This is the date we re proud of.This is

44、the date he was born.I will never forget the time we spent together.This is the factory my mother works.This is the factory we visited last week.A. when B. where C. which D. thatI don t believe the reason he gave for h is decision.Another reason he made this decision is that he had to considerthe fe

45、elings of others.第六讲一 填上合适的关系代词或关系副词1. A country is a nation has its own government, landand population.2. I ve looked the words up in the dictionary _I borrowedfrom my teacher.3. The man_have mademuchmoneydo not know what to do with their money.4. Wehaven t found a language would be accepted by peo

46、ple.5. He went to a friend knew a lot about money matters.6. Hand signs can be useful in places are very noisy and inplaces are very quiet.7. Mr Black would never forget the day he was bitterlypunished.8. The reason he did not buy the modern painting was thatit was not a painting at all.9. The winte

47、r Olympics are always held in a mountainous countrythere is plenty of snow.10. The greeting “ Good afternoon ” is given to anyone youare passing quickly.11. Tomstop to speak someone makes an inquiry about friends.12. Adults sometimes envy children, can run out to play.13. I d like to borrow a book c

48、over is blue.14. This is the very work I m after.15. I have the same book you lent me.16. Some soldiers arrived at a farmhouse, in front of sata little boy.17. This is the shop sells books.18. This is the shop we can buy books.19. I ll never forget the day we once stayed together.20. I ll never forg

49、et the day we spent together.二 翻译1. 众 所周知 , 台湾属于中国。2. 这 是我们上个学期参观过的工厂。3. 那 把用来切面包的刀很锋利。4. 只 有二位在教室里学习的学生。5. 我 想要知道你学习的方法。6. 他 们住在一间前面有一个大花园的房屋里。7. 这 是一家生产电视机的工厂。8. 我 从不忘记我们曾一起呆过的日子。9. 他 迟到的原因是因为他未能赶上汽车。10. 你认不认识那个和我们老师交谈的学生。11. 这是他仅能记得的事情。 ( only )12. 他的同桌是一个让他在困难时得以依托的人。 (turn to for help)13. 众所周知，

50、中国是一个具有悠久文明历史的国家。 (As).14. 那个在地震中失踪的男孩最终被找到了。( who)15. 你还记得我们拜访过的那个城市吗？ (pay a visit to)16. 李宇春所唱的歌中，哪一首是最吸引你的？(which)17. 我所能做的所有的事情便是等待。( all )18. 很多中国学生非常羡慕西方人的生活方式。(way)19. 我到超市去买了和你一样的笔。 ( the same as )20. 他们全家住在一个窗户被人打破了的房子里。( whose)This is the only thing that he can remember.His desk mate is a

51、 person who he can turn to for help when in trouble.His desk mate is a person to whom he can turn for help when in trouble.As is known to us all, China is a country with a long history of civilizationThe boy who was lost/missing in the earthquake was finally found.Do you stillremember the city that

52、we have paid a visit to?Do you stillremember the city to which we have paid a visit?Which of the songs that has been sung by Li Yuchun most attracts you?All that I can do is to wait.Many Chinese students envy the way (that/in which) the westerners live.I bought the same pen as you did in the superma

53、rket.The whole family lived in the house whose window had been broken by others.1 . I will never forget the day _which/that/ 不填 _ we spent togetherin the countrysideI will never forget the days_ _during which/when_ we stayed together in the countryside2 .This is the reason_that/which/ 不填 _ they told

54、 meThis is the reason_for which/why_ he turned down the job非限制定语从句1. 逗号隔开2. 翻译成并列句，去掉之后句子完整3. 不能用that4. which 可以指代某一个先行词也可以指代一句话He lost his book, which made his mother very angeryas 在非限定性从句中的使用1. 表示正如。 。 。 。一样2. 替代 which 放句首He must be from Africa, _which_ can be seen from his skinAs can be seen from

55、 his skin, he must be from AfricaAs is known to all, he is a heroHe is a hero, which is known to allIt is known to all that he is a heroHe has 2 sons , one of whom is a doctorHe has 2 sons and one of them is a doctorHe has 2 sons, neither of whom is a doctorHe has 2 sons, _ _both_ _ of whom are doct

56、orsHe has 3 sons, none of whom is a doctorHe has 3 sons, all of whom are doctorsHe is one of the scientists who _are _known by the worldHe is the only one of the scientists who _ is _known by the worldHe is such a good student that everyone likes him very much( 如此以至于 )He is such a person as you told meHe invited me to the party, and it is kind o f himHe inviten me to the party , which is kind of himHe failed in the exam, _as_ we had expectedCan you see the closet _ on the top of which_ I put the flower vase ?Can you see the closet _ on whose top _ I put the flower vase?All