主谓一致单独讲解

1、第四章 主谓一致(Subject-verb Concord)主谓一致指的是谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语一致。处理一致关系，有以下三个原则可遵循。a) 语法一致（grammatical concord）从语法形式上取得一致。主语为单数形式，谓语也为单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语也为复数形式。 【例如】The content of these books is very good. The questions he raised are very important.b) 意义一致（notional concord）在意义上取得一致。如果有时主语在语法形式上虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词采用复

2、数形式。反之，如果主语在语法形式上是复数，而在意义上可视为单数，随后的动词也用单数。The family were having their dinner at the table.Fifteen minutes is a short period of time.c) 就近原则（principle of proximity）谓语动词的人称和数和靠得最近的主语的人称和数保持一致。Either my brothers or my father is coming.Not only he but also I am to be responsible for the error.71 名词作主语时

3、的主谓一致1）单、复数同形的名词作主语单、复数同形的名词，特别是以-s结尾的单、复数同形的名词：deer, sheep, aircraft飞机, species物种, series, works, headquarters总部，司令部, means方法, crossroads紧要关头 等。要根据句中出现的限定词或代词确定其单复数。Every means has been tried to help him out of trouble.Many means have been tried to help him out of trouble.2）集体名词作主语只能作复数的集体名词：cattle

4、(牛，牲畜), poultry（家禽）, people, folk（民族）, police警察 等。The police were trying hard to catch the escaped prisoner.The cattle were grazing on the meadow.3）既可作单数又可作复数的集体名词作主语如audience, class, public, staff职员, team, government, couple夫妻, board委员会, army, family, committee委员会, crowd人群, jury陪审团 等。根据意义一致原则来决定谓语动

5、词的单复数。如果将该名词所表示的集体视为一个整体，则动词用单数。如果将侧重点放在组成集体的成员上，动词用复数。The government has imposed a ban on demonstrations.The government have discussed the matter for a long time.3） 通常只作不可数名词的集体名词作主语如furniture, equipment, machinery（机械）, foliage（植物，叶子）, merchandise（商品，货物）等作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。The furniture in the house mat

6、ches the color of the walls.All the machinery in the factory is made in the United States.The merchandise has arrived undamaged.5）表示学科、游戏或疾病的名词作主语这类名词即使是以-s结尾，其谓语用单数形式。Politics is the art or science of government.Has the skittles（撞柱游戏） been a popular game in English?Mumps（愠怒，生气） is a kind of infecti

7、ous disease.6）名词+介词（或分词）短语作主语如果主语是单数，尽管后面有with, together with, as well as, no less than, like, but, except, rather than, combined with等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数。An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in his work. No one except my parents knows anything about it.7）and连接两个并列名词作主语and连接两个或两个以上单

8、数名词作主语，指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。如果分别表示不同的人、物或概念时（这时两个名词前通常各有限定词），谓语动词用复数。Bread and butter（涂黄油的面包） is a good breakfast.Bread and butter are completely different things.The singer and dancer was to be present at our party.The singer and the dancer were to be present at our party.War and peace is often

9、 the theme of many novels.War and peace are alternatives between which man must constantly choose.Her opinion and Kates are the same.72 关联连词引导并列成分作主语时的主谓一致用or, eitheror, not onlybut also, neither or等连词引导的并列主语，根据“就近原则”，应以第二个主语的人称和数来确定谓语的形式。Either her father or her mother is very kind to her.（比较Both h

10、er father and her mother are very kind to her.）Not only the switches but also the old wiring has been changed.73 非限定动词作主语时的主谓一致两个非限定动词（两个动名词或两个不定式）由and连接作并列主语，如果表示一个单一概念，谓语用单数；如果表示不同的概念，谓语用复数。To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness.爱与被爱是最大的幸福。To try and fail is better than not to try at al

11、l.尝试而失败也比不尝试好。Skating and skiing are two interesting sports.滑雪和溜冰是两项有趣的运动。To mean to do something and to actually do something are two separate things.想干一件事和真干一件事是两回事。74 代词作主语时的主谓一致诸如half, all, most, plenty (of), some, the remainder (of), the rest (of), the majority (of)等代词作主语时，根据“意义一致”原则决定谓语的数。如果它所

12、代的是复数名词，谓语用复数；如果它所代的是单数名词或不可数名词，谓语用单数。Half of the workers have left for home.Half of the milk has been left in the bottle.The rest of the books were distributed to the students.The rest of the book is quite boring, Im afraid.75 以-ings结尾的名词作主语时的主谓一致谓语通常用复数。这类名词有：earnings薪水, surroundings, findings零件,

13、winnings奖金, savings储蓄, belongings财产, lodgings住所, tidings消息 等。Their earnings come to 1000 yuan a month.The happy tidings were brought to her last week.76 表示时间、距离、重量或金额的复数名词作主语时的主谓一致如果这个复数名词被当作一个整体的单位时，意义上是单数，因此谓语也用单数。Two hours is the limit of this test.Twenty acres is a lot to plow.如果这个复数名词是作为一个一个单位来

14、计算，这时数字的复数性很明显，谓语相应地用复数形式。Two pounds are more than he can afford.Twenty acres are ready for him to plow.77 名词性分句作主语时的主谓一致how, when, where, why, what等引导的单个名词性分句作主语，其后的动词通常用单数。How the prisoner escaped from the jail is still a mystery.When they will leave for London has not been decided yet.Why he ente

15、red the room without being seen remains a mystery to us all.What they do has nothing to do with what they say.两个由and连接的并列名词性分句作主语，如果主语表示两件事，动词用复数。What he says and what he does are always different.When they will leave for London and how they will go have not been decided yet.78 主谓一致的补充说明1）如果单数名词前有ma

16、ny a, each, every, more than one等修饰时谓语动词必须用单数。Each man and each woman is asked to help.Many a boy was disappointed after seeing the film.More than one person is injured in the accident.2）“there be”结构的主谓一致遵循“就近原则”。谓语的单、复数由紧跟be后面的这个名词的数决定。There are some old magazines and a football under the bed.There

17、 is a football and some old magazines under the bed.3）one of和the (only)one of结构中的主谓一致one of之后定语分句中的动词通常采用复数形式，因为此时关系代词的先行词是of之后的那个复数名词或代词而不是one。而the (only)one of后定语分句中的动词只用单数形式，因为此时关系代词的先行词是the (only)one，而不是of后面的那个复数名词或代词。He is one of those students who speak perfect English.He is the only one of th

18、ose students who speaks perfect English.练习1. The owner and editor of the newspaper _ the conference. （2002年6月）A) is to attend B) were to attendC) are to attend D) were attending2. This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen _ comfortably. （2000年1月）A) is worn B) wears C) wearing D) are

19、 worn3. What he wants _ nothing but an apple. A) is B) are C) be D) were4. The poor _ to receive aids from the government.A) is entitled B) are entitledC) entitles D) entitled5. Fifty minutes _ long enough for me to get the meal ready. A) are B) be C) is D) were6. Every means _.A) have been tried B)

20、 have triedC) were tried D) has been tried7. Ninety people _ a huge party. A) means B) mean C) are meaning D) is meant8. Neither you nor he _ anything about it. A) know B) knows C) is known D) are known9. The company, who _ their losses, are discussing an important problem. A) is cutting B) are cutt

21、ing C) cuts D) has cut10. The company, which _ in the suburbs, has more than 200 employees. A) locate B) locates C) are located D) is located11. The police _ that the suspect has been arrested. A) say B) says C) has said D) had said12. The Chinese people _ a great people. A) are B) be C) is D) were1

22、3. All the furniture in the office _ old-fashioned. A) are B) were C) be D) is14.The scissors _ so sharp that I like them. A) are B) is C) being D) was15. All his earnings _.A) has been spent B) has spentC) have been spent D) have spent16. Politics _ in all universities in China.A) is now taught B)

23、are now taughtC) is now teaching D) teaches17. Each boy and girl _ eager to serve the people in the future. A) are B) is C) be D) being18. Many a visitor _ by the workers story.A) were deeply moved B) deeply movedC) deeply moving D) was deeply moved19. More than one cadre _ in the scandal of corrupt

24、ion.A) are involved B) is involvedC) involve D) involves20. The great scholar and poet _ dead. A) are B) is C) were D) have been21. The Chinese teacher and class adviser _ a young man graduated from a famous university. A) is B) are C) be D) were22. Bread and butter _ my favorite breakfast. A) are B)