1篇文章搞定英语时态

1、1篇文章搞定英语时态月球之旅AJourneytothemoon一般现在时105一般现在时的构成Themoonandourearthareneighboursinspace.Themoonisaboutaquarterofamillionmilesaway.Ourearthhasonlyonesatellite,butsomeoftheplanetshaveseveral.Themoonmovesaroundtheearthwhiletheearthandtheeightotherplanetsmovearoundthesun.106一般现在时用于表示客观事实107一般现在时用于表示真理、格言和

2、谚语Humankindknowsmuchaboutthemoon.Togivejustonesmallexample,somethingthatweights1,000gramsontheearthisonly166gramsonthemoon.Newtonsaidmanyyearsagothatthereisagravitationalpullbetweenanytwoobjects.Ifamanwantstosteponthemoon,hehastoescapetheearthsgravity.Itsnoteasy,ofcourse.Butwherethereisawill,thereis

3、away.108一般现在时表示经常存在的状态或发生的动作Peoplealsoknowhowtomarktimebythecycleofthemoon.Thereisafullmoononceamonth.Somepeopleoftentakewalksonthenightoftherisingroom.Theysometimeswalkalongthebeachallnight.109一般现在时表示现在时刻的稳定状态Theythinkitisromantic.Theywanttoenjoylifetoitsfullest.MissBrownisoneofthesepeople.Shehopes

4、thateachmorningwillbringanewadventure.Shelovestheexcitementoflifeandhatestorepeatthesameworkdayafterday.MissBrownisasecretaryandworksforNASA.Shewritesletters,answersthetelephone,andmeetspeople.Sheisagoodsecretaryandusescomputersskillfully.Shehelpsherbosstoplanhistimeandtofinishhiswork.110 一般现在时表示严格按

5、方案发生的将来情形Hereisoneoftheplans:WeleaveWashingtonat9:00nextMondayandarriveinLondonat12:00.WespendthreedaysinLondonandleaveforPairsat17:30nextThursday.111 一般现在时可以代替现在完成时的个别表现形式Itissevenyearssinceshebecameasecretary.112 一般现在时表示将来的情形MissBrownistiredofherworkandherbossknowsthat.Ifnothinggoeswrong,shewillta

6、keanewjobwhenshecomesbackfromEurope.113 一般现在时用于表示操作性示范说明NowMissBrownworksasanarratorforvisitorstothespace.Youmaywonderhowthemoonalwaysappearstohavethesamefacetowardtheearthasitcirclesaroundit.Thereisaneasyanswer.Standinaroom,andplaceachairinfrontofyou.Youarethemoon.Thechairistheearth.Now,goaroundthe

7、chair,facingitatalltimesWanttoseearealspaceship?Okay.Gostraightthroughthehall,turnleftandcrossaplayground.114以here,there开头的感慨句中用一般现在时Youcaneitherwalkortakeabus.Oh!Herecomesthebus.115现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行的动作ThousandsofAmericansarewaitingforanexcitingmomentatCapeKennedyinFlorida.Infact,peopleallovertheworlda

8、retalkingaboutthejourneytothemoonthesedays.116现在进行时与一般现在时的比拟Thejournalistsarebusywritingspecialreports.Theyusuallywearverycasualclothesbuttheyarewearingsuitstoday.117现在进行时表示委婉的语气Iamwonderingifyoucantellusmoreaboutthisflight.118现在进行时表示临时性的情形Eventhetoughestjournalistsarebeingpolite.119现在进行时可用于表示对人或对物的

9、看法Journalistsarealwaystryingtheirbesttowritespecialstories.120持续性动词用于现在进行时以表示动作的生动性与临时性Thirtysecondsandcounting.avoicefromtheloudspeakerreachesfar.Thepowerfulrocketisstandingstillagainstthebluesky.121现在进行时可以表示将来的动作Five.Four.Three.Two.One.Then,suddenly,allenginesareroaringandApollo11isrisinggentlyint

10、othesky.Threemenaremovingtowardsthemoon.Theyarecomingbacktotheeartheightdayslater.122瞬间动词用于现在进行时的情形Fourdayslater,morethan500millionpeoplearewatchingonverypoorqualitytelevisionpicturesasthespaceshipreachesmoon.Then,afootmovesintothepicture.Thatisonesmallstepforaman,onegiantleapformankind.Peopleallove

11、rtheworldarejumpingandcheering.Beforelong,thousandsofengineersandscientistsinothercountriesarejoiningtheresearchgroupsforspaceexploration.一般过去式123一般过去时的含义与构成Inthepast,peoplewerenotclearabouthowahumanbeingcouldliveandworkoutsidetheearth.Infact,theyhadlittleknowledgeaboutspace.Beforethefirstmanwentint

12、ospace,somescientistsbelievedthattheastronautsmightbeveryconfusedbysilenceandloneliness.124would和usedto的异同Thescientistswouldtrytoimaginehowtheastronautswouldsurvive,forthereusedtobeatheorythattheheartmightbeweakenedbyhavingtoolittleworktodoinspaceandsobeunabletostandthetrainofcomingbacktotheearth.Be

13、causeofthesefears,somepeopleusedtogiveuptheattempttotravelinspace.125含有usedto的一组短语的不同用法However,whathappenedlaterchangedtheirminds.Adogwassentintospacewithasatellite.Thelittledogseemedabituneasyatfirst,butshesoongotusedtolivinginspace.Thatsuggestedthatastronautscouldalsobeusedtolivingandworkinginspac

14、e,iftheyhaveacarefultraining.Actually,somescientificinstrumentswereusedtogetthenecessarydataforthetraining.过去进行时126过去进行时的根本含义与构成Thetrainingforlandingonthemoonwassoeasy.Itwouldalsobedangerous.Oneday,threeAmericanastronautsweretrainingthemselveswhenfiresuddenlybrokeoutinsideaspaceshipontheground.127过去

15、进行时表示背景时的用法128过去进行时可以表示两个动作的比照Whiletheastronautsweretryingtoopenthehatchfromtheinside,theengineersweretryingtoopenthehatchfromtheoutside.Buttherewasnowaytoopenthehatchquickly,eitherfromtheinsideorfromtheoutside.Thethreeastronautssoondied.129过去进行时可以表示过去将来时的含义However,anewerawascomingnomatterwhathadhap

16、pened.130一般过去时与过去进行时的区别Intheyearthatfollowed,theengineerswereworkinghardtoredesignthespaceship.131过去进行时与always等连用时所表示的意义Theywerealwaystryingtheirbesttomakeeachpartaperfectone.WhattheApollopeoplerememberedmostwasnotthethreeastronautsdeathsbutsomethingoneofthemhadsaid:Ifwedie,wewantpeopletoacceptit.Th

17、econquestofspaceisworththeriskoflife.过去完成时132过去完成时的含义与构成BeforeApollo11visitedthemoon,Americanshadsenttenotherspaceshipsintospace.HumanshadbeentospacemanytimesbeforeApollo10returnedtotheearth.133过去完成时表示的“经历含义BytheendofJuly,1969,theAmericangovernmenthadpaidover$5billiononthespaceprogram.Humankindhadnt

18、hadanyothergreaterprojectthanProjectApollo.134过去完成时表示的持续性动作或状态Landingonthemoonrequiresalotoftimeandeffort.Scientistshaddonetheirresearchforyearsbeforetheygotwhattheyneeded.Engineershadworkedhardsincetheybegantodesignthefirstspaceship.135过去时表示过去完成时的情形TheyreadthefirstbookonspacetravelbyaRussianhighsch

19、oolteacher,studiedtherocketsmadebytheGermanscientistsduringWorldWarII,talkedwithhundredsofplanepilotsandmadefivesetsofplansforthemoonlanding.136表示“打算含义的动词在过去完成时中的多义性Theyhadintendedtosendaspaceshipweighing150,000poundsdirectlytothemoon.过去将来时137过去将来时的根本含义与“would+动词原形表示的过去将来Butthatmeantthathumanswouldl

20、andonthemoonmanyyearslater.138was或weregoingto+动词原形表示的过去将来Americanswerenotgoingtospendmuchmoremoneyandwaitforyearstobuildagiantrocket.Theywerealsogoingtosendfivepartsofaspaceshipintospacewithfivesmallerrockets.139was或wereto+动词原形表示的过去将来Engineersonthegroundweretohavethefiveseparatepartsmeetinspace.140表

21、示“移动含义的动词用过去进行时表示的过去将来Buttherewouldbeseriousproblemifthefivepartsfailedtocometogetheratthesametime.Atlast,NASAdecidedtoadoptaplansuggestedbyanengineernamedHoubolt.Accordingtothisplan,Apollowouldgointoorbitaroundthemoon.AsmallspaceshipnamedEaglewouldseparatefromApolloandlandonthemoon.Apollo11wasleavi

22、ngforthemoonsoon.141was或wereaboutto+动词原形表示的过去将来、Anexcitingdaywasabouttocome.142现在完成时的根本概念及其“已完成与“未完成含义Forward,forward.good!Fortyfeet.Drifttotherightalittle.Okay.Enginesstop.TheEaglehaslanded!Avisittothemoonhasbeenadreamofhumanbeingsforthousandsofyears.TheworldhaslistenedtothenewsreportsaboutApollo11

23、forseveralmonths.ForAmericans,theyhavewaitedforthegreatdaysince1961.143一般现在时代替现在完成时的情形ItwasinthatyearthatPresidentKennedyannouncedanationalgoalinhisspeechtotheAmericanpeople:Bytheendof1960s,theUnitedStatesofAmericaistolandamanonthemoonandreturnhimsafelytotheearth.ItiseightyearssincePresidentKennedyw

24、askilled.144从现在向过去追溯的时间段与现在完成时Inthepasteightyears,peoplehaventgotanysatisfactoryexplanationabouthisdeath,.145瞬间动词、持续性动词与现在完成时.,thoughtheyhaveaskedfromtimetotime.146现在完成时与时间状语连用与否时表达的不同含义Theyhavebeenkeenfortheexplanationbutinvain.147序数词、最高级和现在完成时的连用However,theyneverforgettheyoungestpresidentinAmerica

25、nhistory.Today,amillionpeoplehavemadetheircampsaroundthelaunchingsitecalledCapeKennedy.Itisthefirsttimethatahumanbeinghaseversetfootonanotherobjectinspace.ItisalsothemostexcitingTVprogrampeoplehaveeverwatched.148说话时仍处于“现在时间段中的现在完成时AmericanshavesentthreeApollospaceshipstoexplorethemoonthisyear.149hav

26、ebeento与havegoneto的区别Apollo9andApollo10havebeentothemoonorbittogetthenecessarydata.NowApollo11hasgonetothemoon.150现在完成时与一般过去时的区别Theastronautshavepreparedforthejourneyforsevenyears.Duringthepastfewmonths,theyhavealsopractisedlandingonthemoon.FollowingthevoyageofApollo9,engineersdecidedthatonemoretest

27、flightwasneeded.Theywantedtotestthelandingmodulenearthemoon.ThreeastronautsdidsoduringtheflightofApollo10.151现在完成时可以表示将来完成时的含义Itiscertainthatpeoplewillvisitotherplanetswhentheyhavemasteredmoreadvancedtechnologies.现在完成进行时152现在完成进行时的根本含义与结构InthecontrolroomatHouston,hundredsofmenhavebeenwatchingtheirin

28、strumentssinceApollo11tookoff.153现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别一Inordertosendinstantadviceaboutcorrectinganytrouble,theyhavebeenworkingonallproblems.154现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别二NowApollo11isreturningtotheearth.Suddenlytheastronautsradioisoutoftouchwiththeground.Fortunately,Armstrongbreaksthedeadsilencewithacalmvoiceafewm

29、inuteslater.EverythingisOkaynow.Wehavebeentryingtocontactyou.Wearestillbadlyshaken,“Armstrongsays.Sincetheastronautshavegainedcontrolofthespaceshipagain,thereisnothingforthemenonthegroundtoworryabout.155现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别三Apollo11iscominghome.Itfallsmoreandmoreslowlyuntilitsoftlytouchesthebluewave.Weh

30、avebeenlookingforwardtoyourreturnfromthemoon,“PresidentNixongreetsthethreeastronautswithasmile.Youlookgreat!Youfeelasgoodasyoulook?一般将来时156shall和will表示的将来含义Time:April11,1970Place:CapeKennedyinFloridaWellgoforlaunch.157beaboutto和现在进行时表示的将来含义Theloudspeakeriskeepingthethousandsofonlookerscomingtowardth

31、elaunch.Twominutesandcounting.Apollo13isabouttotakeoff.Fewerpeoplearewatchingthetake-offontelevision.Astronautshavemademoonflightseemroutine.Theyarecomingbackinafewdays.158begoingto表示的将来情形Wearegoingtocollectmorerockstostudywherethemoonisfrom,“scientistssay.Apollo13hasbeensailingsmoothlythroughspacef

32、ortwodayswhentheastronautshearaloudbangoutsidethespaceship.Thereisgoingtobeadisaster.159begoingto与will者B表示“打算时的区别Houston,wehaveaproblemhere.Oneoxygentankisemptyandtheotherislosingpressure.Wewillgotothelunarmodule.160beto+动词原形表示的将来情形Thecommander,Lovell,giveshisfirstordertotheothertwoastronauts:Youare

33、toleavehereatonce.DownonearthtelephonesareringingalloverAmerica.Theofficersinthecontrolroomhavetodecidewhattodonext.Odyssey,thisisHouston.Iamtoinformyouthatyourlandingonthemoonhasbeencancelled.Yournewtaskistogobackhome.Apollo13isnow320,000kilometersfromtheearthwithlittleoxygen,electricityorwater.The

34、engineersontheeartharetoworkoutawaytohelptheastronautstoconnecttheair-cleaningdevicesofthecommandmoduletothatofthelunarmodule.Odyssey,youcanmaketheconnectorfromplasticbags,cardboardsandtapes.Suchthingsaretobefoundinyourspacesuits.Believeitornot,thehomemadeconnectorworksperfectly!Houston,wearetocontactagainwhenwehavefinishedtheotherhalfoftheorbitaroundthemo