专项复习：名词

1、专项复习：名词2.village5.bag8.family11.box14.factory17.watch20.man23.tomato26.human29.shelf32.American35.wife38.sheep写出以下名词的复数形式:1.house4.orange7.brush10.city13.class16.dictionary19.match22.German25.kilo28.Chinese31.leaf34.tooth37.knife【考点】3.map6.exercise9.bus12.baby15.glass18.woman21.wish24.policeman27.po

2、tato30.Japanese_33.life36.foot39.half40.child1 .可数名词和不可数名词的用法；2 .名词所有格的构成及用法；3 .近义名词的辨析.【重点】一、名词的数1 .单数和复数可数名词分单数和复数两种.复数形式通常在单数形式后加词尾-s构成,主要变法如下:（1） 一般情况在词尾加-s,例如：bookfbooks,girlfgirlboyfboyspenfpens,doctorfdoctors,boy台boys（2） 以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词加-es,例如：busfbusesclassfclassesboxfboxes,watchfwatchesbrus

3、hfTushes（3） 以ce,se,ze,dge结尾的名词力口s,例如：orangeoranges4以辅音母加y结尾的词变“而"i再加-es例如：cityfcities,factoryffactories,countryfcountries,familyffamilies但是：以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s,如：boy-boys,day-days5以.结尾的,有时加es,有时加so哪些t后加es,哪些t后加s.如果机械记忆费时费力,于是笔者编成口诀：宥生命的动植物加es,无生命的加sForexample:potato土豆,tomato西红柿,hero英雄,Negro黑人,

4、等等这些有生命的加es；photo照片,piano钢琴,radio收音机,zoo动物园,kilo公斤等等无生命的加s,另附一个例外kangaroos袋鼠,学生记住以下两句话增强记忆.1英雄和黑人吃土豆和西红柿下划线词变复数加es2小公斤边弹钢琴边播送,还到动物园看袋鼠.下划线词的复数加s6以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f为v再加-es,例如：knife-knivesleaf-leaves,half-halves【以f,fe结尾的名词变为复数时,记住下面这首顺口溜,相信你就不会觉得难了.妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌；躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光.这就是中学阶段学过的九个以一fe结尾的名词：wif

5、e妻子,knife小刀,wolf狼,thief小偷,shelf架子,self自己,life生命,half一半,leaf树叶.这九个词变复数时,都是改-fe为ve再加-s.由self构成的复合词,其变化与self相同如：myself-ourselvesyourselffyourselveshimself,herselfitselffthemselves复数词尾s或esS的读音方法如下：情况读法例词在ptkf等清辅音后scups,hats,cakes在szt由F等音后izglasses,pages,oranges,buses,watches,faces在bd即v等浊轴音后zbeds,dogs,ci

6、ties,knives7少数名词有不规那么的复数形式,例如：marrmen,womanswomen,toothfteethfootffeetchildfchildrenmousesmice.【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women.例如：anEnglishman,twoEnglishmen.但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans；man,woman等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定,如：menworkers,womenteachers有个别名词单复数一样,例如：Chinese,Japanesesheepdeer,巾sh等.但当

7、fish表示不同种类的鱼时,可以加复数词尾.8单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people,police等.9数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保存单数形式,中间加连字符.例如：十分钟的路程ten-minutewalk=tenminutes'w0k个11岁的男孩anelevenyear-oldboy,800词的作文an800-wordcomposition10还有些名词仅有复数形式,如：trousersW子,clothes衣服,chopsticks筷子,glasses艮镜,goods货物,ashes骨灰,scissors网刀,compasses同规,savingsB蓄,earningsX资

8、,thanks谢谢.11只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：科学名词：physics,mathematics/maths游戏名称：bowls保龄球专有名词：theUnitedStates,NiagaraFalls其他名词：news,falls,tennis网球12一些表示度量的名词,其复数形式在使用时表示单数含义,因此谓语动词用单数.例如：Twoyearsisn'talongtimetoSs.的时间对我们来说不长.2 .不可数名词量的表示方法：在英语中,不可数名词如果要表示量的概念,可以用以下两种方法：1用much,alittle,alotof/lotsof,some,any等表示多少,例如

9、：TherichmanhasalotofmoneyThereissomemilkinthebottle.IsthereanywaterintheglassIdon'tlikewinterbecausethere'stoomuchsnowandice2用apieceof这类定语,例如：apieceofpaperapieceofwoodapieceofbreadabottleoforangeaglassofwatermilkacupofteaacupofteaabagofricethreebagsofrice如果要表示两杯茶"、四张纸这类概念时,在容器后加复数,例如：tw

10、ocupsofteafourpiecesofpaperthreeglassesofwater3 .看我名词七十二变"：Friend-friendlylove-lovely,carefcareful,helpfhelpful,colourfcolourful,cloudfcloudy,sunfsunny,windfwindy,rainfrainy,healthfhealthy,carefcareless,hopeeless,homehomeleswpocHwooden,woolfwoolen,ChinafChinese,JapanfJapanese,AustraliafAustrali

11、an,二、名词的所有格名词所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系.1 .表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加,s,其复数形式是s',例如：astudent'sroom,students'rooms,father'sshoes2 .如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加,s,如：Children,sDay.3 .在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用,s,例如：atwentyminutes'walk,tenmiles'journey,aboat'slength,twopounds'weight,tendolla

12、rs'worth4 .无生命名词的所有格那么必须用of结构,例如：amapofChina,theendofthisterm,thecapitalofourcountry,thecoloroftheflowers.5 .双重所有格,例如：afriendofmyfather's.6 .表示在某人的家"、在某商店、在某诊所均有两种表示方法.atMrBrown's=atMrBrown'shouse布朗先生的家里；atatailor'sshop=ata&ilo成衣店；atadoctor'soffice=atadoctor'在一家诊

13、所.【注意】如果两个名词并列,并且分别有,s,那么表示分别有",例如：John,sandMary'srooms约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间；Tom'sandMary'sbikes两人各自的自行车.两个名词并列,只有一个,s,那么表示共有",例如：JohnandMary,sroom约翰和玛丽共有一间；TomandMary'smother即Tom与Mary是兄妹.看例题识所有格1. BeijingisthecapitaLofChina.BeijingisChina'capital.2. ThisisMaryandhersisterbeefr

14、oom.BobandLucy'sisterisanurse.3. TheseareToMsandLilybags.4. Sheisthetwoboys'mother.5. thedooroftheroomtheleavesofthetree6. thegirlname=thename_ofthegirl7. Heisafriend_ofmybrother.'&文里brother's=brother'sfriends【实例解析】1. 2004年上海徐汇区中测试题Thesehavesavedmanychildren'slives.A.woma

15、ndoctorsB.womendoctorC.womendoctorsD.womandoctor答案：Co该题考查的是名词作定语时的变化.woman作定语时要和被修饰的名词保持数的一致.2. 2004年河北省中测试题Thisisbedroom.Thetwinsisterslikeitverymuch.A.AnneandJaneB.Anne'sandJaneC.Anne'sandJaneD.AnneandJane's答案：D.该题考查的是并列名词的所有格.两人共有一个房间时,只在后面的名词后加3. 2004年吉林省中测试题-Arethereanyonthefarm?-Ye

16、s,therearesome.A.horseB.duckC.chickenD.sheep答案：D.该题考查的是特殊名词的复数形式.从谓语动词来判断,主语应该是复数名词.只有sheep可用作复数名词.4. 2004年佛山市中测试题-Whatwouldyouliketodrink,ororange?-Orange,please.A.hamburgerB.chipC.tea答案：Co该题考查的是名词的类别.三种东西中只有tea能喝.【中考演习】一.单项填空1. -Wherehaveyoubeen,Tim?-I'vebeento.A.theHenryhouseB.theHenryfamilyC

17、.TheHenry'shomeD.Henry's2. InEngland,ifisinthemiddleoftheday,theeveningmealiscalledsupper.A.foodB.lunchC.breakfastD.dinner3. Youlookedforittwice,butyouhaven'tfoundit.Whynottry.A.threetimesB.athirdtimeC.thethirdtimeD.once4. -Theyarethirsty.W川youpleasegivethem?-Certainly.A.somebottlesofwat

18、ersB.somebottlesofwaterC.somebottleofwaterD.somebottleofwaters5. Mikehurtoneofhisintheaccidentyesterday.A.toothB.feetC.handD.ear6. Thereissomeontheplate.A.cakesB.meatC.potatoD.pears7. InEngland,thelastnameisthe.A.familynameB.middleC.givennameD.fullname8. ThearegoingtoflytoBeijing.A.GermenB.GermanyC.

19、GermanysD.Germans9. Thehastwo.A.boys;watchesB.boy;watchC.boy;watchesD.boys;watch10. Thelittlebabyhastwoalready.A.toothB.toothsC.teethD.teeths11. What'syourforbeinglateagain?A.ideaB.keyC.excuseD.news12. -It'sdangeroushere.We'dbettergooutquickly.-ButIthinkweshouldletgooutfirst.A.womanandch

20、ildrenB.womenandchildC.womanandchildD.womenandchildren13. -YoucanseeMr.Smithifthereisasign""onthedoorofhisshop.-Thanks.A.ENTRANCEB.BUSINESSHOURSC.THISSIDEUPD.NOSMOKING14. Aretheygoingtohaveapicnicon?A.Children'sDayB.Childrens'sDayC.ChildrensDayD.ChildrenDay15. Wherearethestudents?A

21、retheyin?A.theRoom406B.Room406C.the406RoomD.406Room16. Pleasegivemepaper.A.oneB.apieceC.aD.apieceof17. Thistableismadeof.A.manyglassB.someglassesC.glassesD.glass18.Billrunsfast.Hewonthe800metreraceyesterday.A.boysB.boys'C.boyD.boy's.19. Somecametoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.GermansB.GermenC.

22、GermanyD.Germanies20. Inthepicturetherearemanyandtwo.A.sheeps;foxesB.sheeps;foxesC.sheep;foxesD.sheep;foxs21. Thisisnotmycap,butmy.A.brothersB.brother'CsbrothersD:brother22.TheywritemostoftheirinEnglish.A.businessletterB.businesslettersC.businessesD.businessesletters23.areforcuttingthings.A.Knif

23、e,usedB.Knives,usingC.Knife,usingD.Knives,used24.Johnboughtforhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoes25.Excuseme,whereisthe?A.men'sroomB.mens'roomC.men'sroomsD.menrooms26.Hisfatherwenttohisdoctorforabouthishearttrouble.A.anadviceB.someadviceC.advi

24、cesD.theadvices27.Swimmingisinsummer.A.agreatfrnB.greatfunC.greatfunsD.greatafun28.IwilltellyouA.agoodnewsB.goodanewsC.apieceofgoodnewsD.somepieceofgoodnews29.Hedoesnlikeverymuch.A.fishB.fishesC.fishsD.fishmeat30 .Childrenshouldmakeforoldpeopleinabus.A.roomB.aroomC.roomsD.theroom31 .Pleasehandyourin

25、!A.paperB.papersC.apaperD.thepapers32.1 wonderwhyareinterestedinwatchingTVplays.A.thepeopleB.peopleC.peoplesD.thepeoples33.Therearesixty-seveninourschool.A.womensteacherB.womenteachersC.womanteachersD.womenteacher34.Thechildrenareplantingtrees.A.applesB.anappleC.appleD.apples35.September10hisinChina

26、.A.TeacherDayB.TeachersDayC.Teachers'D蚓Teacher'sDay36.Whoisthemaninthebluecar?Heisfather.A.myuncle'B.ofmyunclesB.myuncle'sfamilD.myuncle37.Didyouaskforaleave?A.two-daysB.twoday'C.twodays'D.two-days'38.OnthewallthereisaA.China'smapB.mapofChinaC.ChinamapD.Chinesemap39.H

27、eis.此题考查of+词性物主代词和of+词所有格A.anoldfriendofmeB.anoldfriendofmineC.anoldfriendofmyD.myanoldfriend40.IwasborninWuhan,butTianjinismysecond.A.homeB.houseC.familyD.country41.Thedentist科医生didnottellmehowmanyIshouldpayforpullingoutthetooth.A.payB.moneyC.centD.dollars二.根据以下句子的情景及所给汉语注释,写出所缺单词.1. We'vegotal

28、otofnew(杂志)inourschoollibrary.2. Pleaseturntoanother(频道),Idon'tlikethisshow.3. Yesterdaythe(航班)toLondonwasputoffbecauseofthebadweather.4.Autumnismyfavourite(季节)5. -Howmany(小刀)doyouhave?-Three.6. 但月而)arewidelyusedinthemodernworld.7. June15tisQ童)Day.8. Mary,wouldyoupleasetellmeyournew(地址)sothatIca

29、nwritetoyou.9. -Doesthispieceof笆乐)soundnice?-Yes.It'swonderful!10. May12thistheInternational伊±)Day.Let'ssay"Thankstothemfortheirwork.三.根据根意和所给首字母写出所缺的单词.1. “What'syourn?""LiLei.2. Howmanyddoesyourunclehave?3. Pleaseclosethew.It'scoldoutside.4. IfyouwanttostudyEngl

30、ishwell,youmustpayattentiontoyourp.5. Acomputerisoneofthegreatestiintheworld.6. JoewillgotoJapanwithhispduringtheSpringFestival.7. Attheaofseven,thelonelygirlhadtoworktomakeliving.8. It'sonlyaboutanhflightfromQingdaotoBeijingbyair.9. Healthismoreimportanttomethanm.10. Becareful!It'sdcrossutl

31、nestreetnow.四.根据所给单词的正确形式填空:1. Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent.(idea)2. Ioftengotoworkon.(foot)3. Iknowoneofthe.(boy)4. Mr.Browniswearingapairof.(glass)5. Pleasegivethemtheir.(photo)6. Arethereanyinthebox?(watch)7. Therearetwelveinayear.(month)8. Wouldyoulikesome?(tomato)9. Lookatthoseintheboats!(pe

32、ople)10. Look!Thearesinging.(woman)11. September10thisDay.(teacher)12. Jimhassome.(knife)13. Howmucharethese?(vegetable)14. Myschoolistwentywalkfromhere.(minute)15. Thegirlunderthetreeisafriendof.(Lucy)五.判断句子的正误1 .TheBrownsisgoingtovisitChina.()2 .TheBrownsaregoingtovisitChina.()3 .Theyoungisdancing

33、there.()4 .Theyoungaredancingthere.()5 .Physicsareverydifficulttolearn.()6 .Physicsisverydifficulttolearn.()7 .WehavefiveGermeninthismeeting.()8 .WehavefiveGermansinthismeeting.()9 .ThisisoneoftheEnglish-Chinesedictionary.()10 .ThisisoneoftheEnglish-Chinesedictionaries.()六.典型考题解析11 Severalaretalking

34、underthetreeAndtheyare.A.woman;childrenB.woman;childC.women;children2.IHowfarisyourschoolfromhere?-Notveryfar.It'sabouttwentywalk.(2000杭州)A.minute'sB.minutesC.minutes'3. Therearethreeinmyfamily.(2004长春)A.peopleB.personC.child4. Moststudentscangotocollegeforfurtherinourcity.A.educationB.i

35、nformationC.science5. Thisisbedroom.Thetwinsisterlikeitverymuch.A.AnnandJaneB.AnnandJaneC.Ann'sandJane's七.选词填空1 .Tenyears(is,are)shorttimeforme.2 .Apairofshoes(is,are)underthebed.3 .Thenumberofthestudentsinourschool(is,are)2,000.4 .Thewomanwithtwochildren(is,are)cominghere.5 .NeitherhenorI(a

36、re,am)anAmerican.6 .Maths(are,is)hardtolearnfortheboy.7 .Theyareall(woman,teachers;womenteachers).8 .ThepopulationofChina(are,is)over1,300,000,000.9 .Therearemany(peoples,people)inthestreetinsummer.10 .Oneofthestudents(have,has)gonetoShanghai.八.各地中考题选编：1. -WhereisTom?-He'sleftasayingthathehassom

37、ethingimportanttodo.A.excuseB.messageC.exerciseD.news2. Thereisnointhebussowehavetowaitforanotherbus.A.roomB.aroomC.roomsD.seats3. -Wouldyoulikesome?-Oh,yes.Justalittle.A.pearsB.orangesC.sugarD.apples4. YoucanfindthefollowingINSTRUCTIONSon.KEEPINACOLDPLACEA.foodB.moneyC.clothesD.books5. Mr.Greenhasl

38、ivedinthehotelsincehecametoChina.A.five-starB.five-starsC.fivestar'sD.fivestars6. ShewasborninWuhan,butBeijinghasbecomehersecondA.homeB.familyC.houseD.place7. -What'sthetoday?It'sJune26.A.dayB.dateC.timeD.hour8. Englishisspokenasafirstlanguagein.A.theUSAB.France9 esfromcows.A.WoolB.Chick

39、en10 .Letthechildrengoaway.TheyC.JapanD.ChinaC.PorkD.Milk'remakingtoomuchhere.A.noiseB.voiceC.noisyD.sounds九.选择填空:1. Iwanttobuy.A.twobottlesofinkB.twobottleofinkC.twobottleofinksD.twobottlesofinks2. Theydon'thavetodotoday.A.muchhomeworkB.manyhomeworksC.manyhomeworkD.muchhomeworks3. Theofmach

40、inemadeusfeelsick.A.voiceB.noiseC.sound4. Theblouseismadeof.A.awoolB.thesewoodC.wools5. Therearethreeandseveninthepicture.A.cows,sheepsB.cows,sheep6.June1is.A.children'sdayB.children7.roomisnexttotheirparentsA.Kate'sandJoan'B).Kate'8.MissGreenisafriendof.A.Mary'smother'sB.Mar

41、y'C.cow,sheep'sDayC.Children'sDay,.sandJoanC.KateandJoansmotherC.MarymotherD.cow,sheepsD.Children'sdayDsKateandJoansD.mother'sofMary9. Tomis.Hewillcometoseeme.A.myafriendB.afriendC.minefriend10. Sheepwhiteandmilkalsowhite.A.is,areB.are,isC.is,isD.noisesD.woolD.afriendofmineD.are,

42、areA.twobreadsB.twopiecesofbreads12. It'salongtoParis.ItA.streetB.road13. Manyaresingingoverthere.A.womanB.womenC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopieceofbread'stwothousandkilometers.C.wayD.endC.girlD.child11. I'dliketohaveaglassofmilkand.14. Hebought.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoesC.twopairsofsho

43、eD.twopairofshoe15. Mr.WhitehasthreeA.childB.childrenC.childsD.childrens16. Beijingisoneofthebiggestintheworld.A.citysB.cityC.cityesD.cities17. -WheresMr.White?-Hesin.A.theroom202B.Room202C.theRoom202D.room20218. Shops,hospitalsandschoolsareallD.buildingsD.20-minutewalkA.placesB.homesC.rooms19. Ever

44、ymorningMr.Smithtakesatohisoffice.A.20minutes'walksB.20minute'swalC.20-minuteswalk20. -Arethese?-No,theyaren't.They're.A.sheep,cowsB.sheep,cowC.sheeps,cowD.sheeps,cows21. Therearemanyinthefridge.A.fishB.fruitC.eggsD.bread22. -Whoseroomisthis?-It'sA.LiMingB.LiMing'sC.LiMings23

45、. Hereareforyou,Sue.A.potatosB.somepotatoesC.threetomatos24. Herearesomebirthdaycardswithourbestforher.A.wishB.hopeC.wishes25. IalwaysgotothattobuyfoodonSunday.A.shopB.parkC.zoo26. What'stheChinesefor"PRC'?A.中国人民解放军B.中华人民共和国C.联合国27. SamgaveAnnsometolookafterPollywhilehewasaway.A.picture

46、-booksB.inventionsC.instructions28. -WhichofthefollowinganimalslivesonlyinChina?-TheA.monkeyB.elephantC.panda29. roomisonthe5thfloor.A.LucyandLilyB.LucyandLily'sC.Lucy'andLilyLily's30.Thethirdmonthoftheyearis.A.MarchB.JanuaryC.February31. Mum,I'mquitethirsty.Pleasegivenne.A.twoorange

47、B.twobottleoforangesC.twobottlesoforangeD.twobottlesoforanges32. Howwonderful!Theismadeof.A.house,glassB.house,glassesC.houses,glass33. Imetsomeintheparkandtalkedwiththemtheotherday.A.JanpanesesB.AmericanC.Chineses34.isthebesttimeforplantingtrees.A.SummerB.WinterC.SpringD.LiMings'D.sometomatoD.h

48、opesD.gardenD.中国共产党D.messagesD.catD.Lucy'andD.AprilD.houses,glassesD.EnglishD.Autumn35. Tomwasbadlyhurtinthematch.Theycarriedhimtotheasquicklyaspossible.A.bankB.postofficeC.shopD.hospital36. Therearetwointheroom.A.shelfB.shelfsC.shelfesD.shelves37. Thereareseveninaweek.A.yearsB.monthsC.daysD.min

49、utes38. Myfatherisa.Heworksinahospital.A.teacherB.doctorC.farmerD.writer39. It'sverycoldtoday.Whydon'tyouputonyour?A.watchB.shirtC.sweaterD.glasses40. -Excuseme,areyou?-Yes,I'mfrom.A.Japan,JapaneseB.China,ChineseC.England,EnglishD.American,America41. Theytookalotofinthechildren'spark

50、.A.photoB.photoesC.photosD.thephoto42. Thereisinthebottle.A.noanyorangeB.notaorangeC.notanyorangeD.nooranges43. Mathsanimportantsubjecttaughtinthemiddleschool.A.areB.isC.wasD.were44. Therearemoreinthishospitalthaninthatone.A.womandoctorsB.womendoctorC.women'sdoctorD.womendoctors45. Theeatalotofr

51、ice.A.JapanpeopleB.JapaneseC.JapanesesD.peopleofJapanese46.TwoandfivearestudyingChineseatBeijingUniversity.A.German,EnglishB.Germans,EnglishC.Germans,EnglishmenD.Germen,Englishmen47. Thenthebegantoeatthegreenofyoungtrees.D.deers,leafsD.anyricesD.afewA.deer,leafsB.deer,leavesC.deer,leaf48.Wouldyoulik

52、e?A.somericeB.anyriceC.somerices49. Don'thurry!Westillhavetimeleft.A.littleB.fewC.alittle50. ThesemountainswillbecoveredwithtreeinA.afewyear'stimeafewyears'tinaefewyear'stimDsafewyears'times51.Thechildrenhadinthepark.A.goodtimesB.goodtimeC.thegoodtimeD.agoodtime52. Iambusywithmyw

53、orkthesedays.Idon'tget.A.manysleepB.muchsleepC.moresleepD.mostsleep53. Thisisaninteresting.A.newsB.informationC.workD.job54. Herparentsare.A.EnglishB.AmericaC.FrenchmanD.twoEnglish55. Room110onthesecondflooristheoffice.Iknowsomeofthem.A.doctorsB.doctor'sC.doctors'D.doctors's56. Thero

54、omis.Theyarebrothers.A.TomandMike'sB.Tom'sandMike'sC.Tom'sandMikeD.TomandMike57. Theboxismadeofakindofhard.A.woodenB.woodC.woodsD.word58. Canyouseesomeonthehill?A.sheepsanddeersB.sheepsanddeerC.sheepanddeersD.sheepanddeer59. Howmanyshallwepayforthespecialservice?A.moneyB.yuansC.dollarsD.pound60. Ihavemanyfriendshere.Lilyis.A.minefriendB.afriendofmyC.oneofmyD.oneofthem61. -Wouldyoulikesome?-Thankyou,butIamnothungry.A.breadsB.cake