mm沉埋隧道工程对环境的影响

1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。mm沉埋隧道工程对环境的影响沉埋隧道工程对环境的影响 土木工程专业英语课程考核论文系别：工程造价 班级：1118341 学号：111834110 姓名：付威 成绩： Buried tunnel project on the environment Abstract: a deeply buried tunnel far-reaching impact on the environment through the waterways with the sinking pipe related. Under

2、 the tunnel on the mainland in the region and the impact of surface water in the tunnel design and construction method of choice to play the most important role. In considering the impact of the recent construction of a problem is the need to trench excavation for the tunnel may appear to be contami

3、nated soil. And transporting the excavated soil up to the specialized equipment in order to receive their storage place is a series of important new technologies and quality control measures for environmental problems. The most common is in any construction project will encounter environmental probl

4、ems, namely, noise, dust and traffic congestion. In this paper, these issues and the current technology to address these issues and measures are discussed. Key words: tunnel environment Characteristics of a Buried deeply buried tunnel tunnel has two fundamental characteristics: (1) It is part of an

5、underground structure of the site, to ensure that heavy traffic conditions, construction, and does not mean that this area is full use of The. Therefore, the construction space is very valuable. Will eventually be installed in the location of the river or canal bottom section of tunnel is very close

6、 in other areas to build manufacturing plants, ways, and this condition is unlikely in the field and reached the site. The advantages of planning and construction of pipe manufacture and the site will be ready to separate from the logistical advantages are obvious, there are extremely easy to implem

7、ent effective quality control advantages.   Tunnel work site on the environmental impact is also considerably less than the construction of the tunnel fully all the circumstances at the scene; such as space requirements and construction of transport, these two issues is greatly easing.

8、60; Of course, a prerequisite for these benefits is a ready-made for pipe suitable site. It must meet the conditions for a series of environmental impact. In the Netherlands such as densely populated countries, to find a suitable site is not easy, but it is clear that once selected an available

9、 position, can be used repeatedly for quite a draw a crowd. Therefore, the overall plan for the tunnel construction is a common topic for discussion.   Both ends of the structure of a new underground tunnel link to the original structure to the existing underground, often in fact across th

10、e waters to replace an existing facility, such as ferry or bridge. It can also be a complement existing facilities in tunnels or bridges. Whether the decision to build a new tunnel the reason, its location will be in large part by the constraints of existing underground structure layout, and its con

11、struction design must also meet the existing transport only by the requirements of minimal interference. This means that the location in the tunnel area designers rarely have a choice, and thus have the position according to the established conditions and requirements to modify the tunnel design. &#

12、160; This situation mainly affects the approach roads connecting part of the tunnel itself. However, because the approach road through the water by the formation of sub-components, it may require new measures to control the approaches to the scope of the construction pit drainage impact.  

13、 Buried Tunnel approach roads are almost always located in the deposition zone, where the tunnel approach road down to the groundwater level below. At its completion, they are impervious structure, the surrounding water can not penetrate, there's just the nature of the environmental impact

14、of a simple structure.   However, during construction, environmental issues will play an important role. To build from the structures, construction of foundation must be excavated until the water table following a number of meters deep, the traditional construction method requires the cons

15、truction period in the continuous draining of the water. Unless further measures, or drainage will definitely lower the water level in the surrounding area, and will lead to a series of undesirable consequences. Subsidence will occur, based on the surrounding buildings and structures will be affecte

16、d, and even deep pile foundation soil settlement will also be passed by the friction down to the pile on the extra load. Subsidence and elevation of the dam sinking, and agricultural drainage water will be affected.   May also result in a completely different nature of environmental proble

17、ms: the construction area may be contaminated soil. In this case, the construction of the excavation pit special attention to requirements and, if possible, should be used, such as soil mixed with water and water transport by pipeline, special methods. There must also be able to accommodate an appro

18、ved place of contaminated soil.   Number of measures must be taken to prevent the pumping of contaminated water caused by the rapid distribution of the soil to a large area on the ground.   Technically speaking, is always possible to eliminate the impact of these kinds. However, it is

19、 extremely complex and do take a lot of money and time, therefore, tend to look at present the greatest extent possible the construction of approach roads and tunnels in the water imported methods. Ideally, the empty pit in the construction of a drainage of water should be no impact on the approach

20、roads and the surrounding groundwater single operation.   The obvious conclusion is that as far as possible the construction pit designed as part of the final product.   Approach a wall can be designed to image the wall of the dam impervious core in the form of a slurry wall, cur

21、tain or plastic sheet of steel sheet pile walls common. On the final form (steel sheet pile wall) (off panel through the use of heavy anchor piles and soil) to increase its retaining function, you can save valuable space and can be easily achieved in the water and impermeable floor connection.  

22、; Water under the concrete floor can be built. This approach has been developed to control the elevation and surface roughness, which completely drained to the approach road after finishing requires less work.   Another method is the use of impermeable plastic sheet, add water to the

23、town of emphasis placed on the bottom and cover the pit slope. In the Netherlands, this approach not only for the tunnel approaches, and the groove for the public network segment.   Use large plastic sheet, to the soil to the water for the town re-placed by a major highway intersection in

24、the play a long-term good results, it shows that this technology has been widely used. Soon, the Netherlands, the tunnel approach roads may be to show a lush green slope, thereby replacing the gray concrete vertical wall.   Approach can also be prefabricated elsewhere and in the form of in

25、stallation of floating structures. This method only with trench excavation and dredging vessels do not have to drain. But not yet able to adequately address basic problems of buoyancy and appropriate design. Buried tunnel project on the environment   Pipe manufacturing approaches to the ex

26、cavation of underground water and the discussion of the relationship between the way the majority can be used to produce the same pipe excavation of the temporary venues. Expensive solution to bring an unreasonable burden to the project. Moreover, the manufacture of pipe near the site have repeatedl

27、y flooded the open waters and open to the precast tunnel segments into the transportation to the dock at the other pipe section in order to make room. Rarely a large enough place for all of the pipe manufacturer.   In short, the choice of the location of manufacturing pipe dock not chosen

28、as the location of the tunnel approach roads to be strictly determined by functional requirements, so choose the location of manufacturing pipe dock with the advantages of flexibility. Therefore, the manufacture of docks will be allowed to use the traditional water method, if the reasons listed abov

29、e that do not allow the use of traditional water law, and the dock had to separate from the surrounding water, this places impermeable plastic plate because of its low cost to have obvious advantages.   Another does not affect the drainage around the water table is "pumping recharge L

30、aw" This law is the foundation of the water into the pump discharge and pump water through the filter of these tube wells to the water source recharge area. As long as the penetration rate is not too large and can be maintained roughly a constant, the row, when the closed-loop irrigation can be

31、 maintained. The new measures, now being expanded in the Netherlands approaches to the construction of a pit, but also because the foundation of the dock as the manufacture of pipe it to be expanded.   Construction of foundation trench trough structure deeply buried tunnel excavation metho

32、d is dredging. In this paper, we only stress the importance of dredging requirements of foundation trench excavation method can achieve high accuracy, and this requires that the work will determine the most suitable type of device. Given the strict positioning tolerances, preferably dredging boat an

33、chor or pile in positioning the dredging equipment. However, because they can not move freely, it could become an obstacle to shipping vessels.   If there is water in the dredging area, or the wave of the impact of dredging will become the base slot to carry water along the bottom or sedim

34、ent accumulation over the place. If the foundation trench excavation in place pipe for long periods, it will soon form a deposition. In these circumstances, the base section of tank excavation and tunnel installation of the interval between the two processes must be as short as possible, and thus th

35、e arrangement of the two procedure are to be particularly accurate, you can use a special device to clean the base before the installation of pipe slot. In the Netherlands, this operation has been developed to be used in the East (Eastern Scheldt) anti-dam pier storm waves reach a very high precisio

36、n installation.   Dredging stir up the river sediments, resulting in a certain time a certain area of the water turbidity. Eventually become a suspended fine particles of these substances will spread out and gradually settle down again. Although this process had limited impact on the envir

37、onment, and harmless, but in a certain range or the increasingly strong criticism.   If you want to have dredged soil is contaminated, it is even more complicated, because in such conditions, the dredging operation will cause the spread of contamination. Dredging technology has now develop

38、ed to the drain by using a special mud head to eliminate this effect. Under the floating boat by hanging curtains from the dredging area will be completely separated from the surrounding method may also reduce the spread of pollution.   Further development in this regard we have taken note

39、 of the current, most waterways in the Netherlands contain contaminated bottom sediments have been very clear, so dredging the mud is bound to take some special environmental requirements.   Currently, these requirements have not been unified to form, but made different for each specific p

40、roject requirements. Hope that this delay in the development of key technologies of the chaos can be quickly resolved.   According to the type and extent of contamination, contaminated soil can be divided into 1 to 4 classes. For dredging mud (including dredging process water in the proces

41、s) and disposal are subject to strict restrictions by category; particular, 3 and 4 the soil must be isolated, and in possible to be purified.   In the Rotterdam area, has built a store of these solid waste and other hazardous substances the center of the dump site. In addition, Type 4 is

42、placed in temporary dredging spoil heap smaller point, let it be purified and then transferred to another isolated place repository. Place in the absence of such facilities to be established by dredging this dump sites. This measure is a clear need to do a lot of work.   Transportation and

43、 installation of pipe work and dredging the shipping obstacles to transport and install pipe sections are brought about environmental problems. To open the pipe system and installation of marinas and docks to deepen the shallow waters between the points need to channel dredging operations. Some of t

44、he previous discussion about dredging also apply to this situation.   The installation procedures in a particular area may involve the end of the tunnel-based clean-up slot. To make clean-up and installation of the two processes reduce to a minimum interval of time, placed in the pipe to i

45、ts final position before the bottom of the sand filling has been successfully used to shoot clean water law section of the base tunnel. With a powerful water jet to remove the last layer of the sediment washed into the suspension, followed by water flow away.   Left in the pipe manufacturi

46、ng dock, anchored at the temporary terminal and leave the temporary pier, floating point and transported to the installation during installation are likely to hinder shipping. Only the last one caused by the shipping process will complete in the short term temporary interruption or partial interrupt

47、ion.   In this respect, a deeply buried tunnel across a river and there are differences across a canal. In the latter case, the absence of flow effects to make the sinking and installation of pipe can be better controlled. The advantage of this control to allow the use of more deeply burie

48、d sections of the tunnel tube pipe unit, but it must be large enough to create dock.   Therefore, in the Netherlands, in the past most deeply buried pipe unit length of the tunnel are varied between 100 150m, crossing the North Sea Canal between Amsterdam and the Trondheim area tunnel (Hem

49、tunnel) project has also used the unit for up to 268m of pipe . Use a longer pipe unit reduces the number of installation, which will slow down the barriers to shipping.   Buried pipe for the tunnel project, it seems to impede the shipping for the environment as a problem, but not a major

50、problem.   This process includes filling with sand filling pipe at the base, back to the filling tank, and, if necessary in the pipe at the top of the construction of a scour protection layer.   Backfill material must be uncontaminated. Ship in the tunnel construction work will interf

51、ere with the above shipping. However, by using a pipe installed in the tunnel were part of the operation of equipment, we can reduce such problems, for example, through the tunnel at the bottom of the holes by pumping sand and water mixture to backfilling. This system has been successfully applied i

52、n the Netherlands.  Tunnel operation and maintenance operations involving major environmental issue is ventilation.   Cleaning and maintenance of the tunnel wall to obstruct the road vehicle operation, they must be in the appropriate period of time quickly. Smooth wall and good coating hel

53、ps to clean the operating table, thus reducing the time limit traffic through the tunnel.   Road construction must be done to minimize future maintenance. 翻译 沉埋隧道工程对环境的影响摘要： 一座沉埋隧道对环境的深远 影响 都与穿过水道的沉放管段有关。隧道对这一地区内地下和地表水的影响在隧道设计和施工 方法 的选择中起最重要的作用。最近在考虑的一个影响施工的 问题 是必须为隧道开挖的沟槽有可能出现被污染的泥土。挖出与运送这些泥土至

54、专门装备起来以便接收它们的存放地点的方法是一系列重要新技术和质量控制措施的环境问题。最常见的是在任何建筑工程中都会遇到的环境问题，即噪音、灰尘以及 交通 阻塞。本文对这些问题以及 目前 用于解决这些问题的技术和措施作了评述。 关键词： 隧道 环境沉埋隧道的特征一座沉埋隧道具有两项基本特征：（1） 它是某一地下结构场地的一部分，要在繁忙的交通条件下保证施工，而并不意味这个地区是被充分地利用了的。因此，施工空间是很宝贵的。 （2）它基本上是一预制结构。最终将安装在河流或运河底部位置的隧道管段是在其它地方以非常接近工厂条件的方式筑造的，这种条件在现场和工地是不大可能达到的。施工规划上的优点和将管段制

55、造与工地准备分开进行在后勤上的优点是显而易见的，还有极易于实现有效的质量控制的优点。隧道工点在环境上的影响同样也大大少于隧道完全都在现场施工的情况；如像空间的需求和施工运输，这两个问题就大大的缓和。当然，这些优点的先决条件是有现成的可用于管段制造的适宜工地。它必须满足一系列有关环境影响的条件。在如荷兰这类人口密集的国家里，要找到合适的工地很不容易，而且很显然，一旦选定一可用位置，可多次使用就相当引人。因此，隧道施工的总体规划是一个供讨论的普通主题。两端的地下结构一座新隧道连结到原来既有的地下结构中去，往往实际上是取代一既有的跨越水域的设施，如轮渡或桥梁。它也可为一既有隧道或桥梁的补充设施。无论

56、决定建造一新隧道的理由如何，它的位置将在很大程度上受到既有地下结构布置的制约，而且其施工设计也要满足现有交通运输只受最小程度干扰的要求。这就意味着设计人员在隧道位置方面很少有选择的机会，因而不得不根据这一既定位置的条件和要求来修改隧道设计。这一情形主要影响连接隧道本身的引道部分。然而，因为引道由穿过含水地层的分段组成，就有可能要求用新的措施以控制引道建造基坑排水影响的范围。引道沉埋隧道几乎总是位于沉积地带，在那里，隧道引道降到地下水位以下。在其完成时，它们是不透水的结构，周围的地下水不能渗入，存在的仅是单纯结构性质的环境影响。然而在施工期间，环境问题则起着重要的作用。为了建造起结构物，必须开挖

57、一施工基坑直至地下水位以下若干米的深处，传统施工方法要求在施工期中持续不断把水排干。除非采取进一步的措施，否则排水势必降低周围地区的水位，而且会导致一系列不希望的后果。沉陷将发生，周围楼房和建筑物的基础将受到影响，而且甚至深桩基础也将受到沉陷土体经磨擦传递至桩上的额外向下荷载。由于沉陷而堤坝高程下沉，而且农业地区的排水水位将会受到影响。还有可能造成一种性质完全不同的环境问题：施工区域内的泥土可能被污染。在这种情况下，施工基坑的开挖就要求格外注意，而且如有可能，就要采用诸如将泥土与水混合后经管道水力输送的特别方法。还必须有一个经批准能容纳被污染泥土的地方。必须采取若干措施以防止由于抽、排水而造成

58、被污染泥土迅速分布到大面积地面上。在技术上，总是可能消除这些各种各样的影响。然而，由于做起来极为复杂而且会花费大量资金和时间，因此，目前倾向于寻找尽最大可能在水下建造引道和隧道进口的方法。最理想的是，排空施工基坑中的水应该是一排干整个引道又完全不影响周围地下水位的单项作业。明显的结论就是尽可能将施工基坑设计成最终产品的一部分。引道边墙可设计成像有不透水芯墙的堤坝，其形式有泥浆墙、塑料板围幕或是常见的钢钣桩墙。对最后一种形式（钢钣桩墙）（通过使用重型断面板桩和土锚）增加其挡土的功能，就可节省有价值的空间，而且可容易地达到在水下与不透水底板的连接。底板可以用水下混凝土建成。这种方法已 发展 到能控

59、制其高程和表面平整，以致达到在引道完全排干以后，只需要较少的修整工作。另一种方法是采用不透水的塑料板材，加镇重安放于水下以盖住基坑底部和边坡。在荷兰，这种方法不仅用于隧道的引道，而且用于公络的凹槽段。使用大面积的塑料板材，以泥土作镇重安放到水下，用在一主要公路交叉口起到了长期的良好效果，它表明此技术已经推广使用。不久，荷兰的隧道引道可能会向人们展示有茂盛的绿色边坡，从而取代了灰色的混凝土竖墙。引道也可在别处预制并以浮运构件的形式安装。此种方法只需用疏浚船开挖沟槽而完全不必排水。不过目前还没有能充分处理浮力作用和基础问题的适宜设计。管段制造上述对地下水与引道开挖之间的关系的讨论大部分都可以同样的方式 应用 于制造管段临时场地的开挖。昂贵的解决办法给工程带来不合理的负担。而且，这个制造管段的场地必须多次被附近的开阔水域淹没并打开以使预制成的隧道管段运至船坞处以便为另一些管段让出地方。很少会有足够大的地方可供一次制造所有的管段。总之，由于选择制造管段船坞的位置不像选择隧道引道的位置那样要严格地用功能要求来决定，故选择制造管段船坞的位置具有可以灵活的优点。因此，制造船坞也就可以允许使用传统的排水法，如果由于上面列出的理由认为不允许使用传统的排水法时，而船坞