初中英语语法宾语从句讲解专项练习与答案

1、英语语法宾语从句讲解小口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受 限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述转化that弓I, 一般疑问用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。一.基本讲解来源：直接引语变间接引语概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，可做 V谓/介词短语的宾Oeg. He said, “I am good at drawing ” .He said he was good at drawing.动词宾语)Miss Zhang is angry at what you said.介词宾语)1 .引导词(1) that引导宾语从句时，通常用陈述

2、句充当，that可省略。e.g. She said, “I want to go there ”She said (that) she wanted to go there.They all know (that) Jim is good at skating.(2) whether或if引导的宾语从句，由一般疑问句/选择疑问句充当，陈述语序。e.g. "Are yoUnterested in geography? ” she said.She asked if/whether I was interested in geography.I wonder if /whether sh

3、e has told the new to Li Lei .m not sure whether he will come or not.注意：一般情况下，whether和if可以互用， 但有些情况例外a.介词短语后只用whether不用ife.g. We are talking about whether we'll go on the panic.b.引导词与动词不定式或 or not连用时，只用 whether.e.g. I can ' t say whether or not he will come on timec. if当如果讲时，引导的是条件状语从句，表示 如果

4、，不能用 whether.e.g. If you want to be a good teacher, it will take times.Whether you can succeed depends on how much effort you pay.（3）特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时，不可省略，陈述句语序。特殊疑问词为： how , when, where, why ,which whose.What引导宾从时做主语或宾语或表语等。e.g. What do you want? ' He asked.He asked me what I wanted.I have no idea

5、where he is now.I don ' now how to deal with it.He asked whose handwriting is the best in the class.对比下列句子，看what做什么成分：He askedwhat was the wrong/matter with me. （what 做主语）He doesn ' t knowhat to do now.（做宾语）He asked mewho he was. （who 做表语）2 .宾语从句时态a.主句为一般现在时，从句不受主句的限制e.g. Do you know if/whet

6、her he has seen the film?I ' m sorry to hear that your father is ill.She says she is going to go to Beijing next week.He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.b.当主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的相应某种时态She didn，t knwhy the boy was late again.（过去一般）I didn't know if/whether he had seen the film.（过去完成）I wo

7、ndered when she was going to America.（过去将来）注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：e.g. He said (that the earth moves round the sun. / that light travels much faster than sound)The teacher told us (seeing is believing.)3 .语序：陈述语序，主+谓+其他* when will you leave for Beijing? （Could you plea

8、se tell meCould you please tell me when you will leave for Beijing?*Has she seen the movie （ He asked）He asked if she had seen the movie.*Could you tell me what's the matter/wrong with you?二、宾语从句的转化1 .当主句谓语动词是 hope, wish, decide, forget, plan, agree等， 且主从句主语一致时可简化为不定式结构。如：e.g. She agreed that sh

9、e could help me with my math. She agreed to help me with my math.2 .当主句的谓语动词是 know, learn, forget, remember, decid等后面 有特殊疑问词引导的宾从时，可以简化成疑问词+不定式结构”如：e.g. She forgot what she should take. fshe forgot to take it3 .当主句谓语动词是find, see, watch, hear等感官动词时，从句 常简化为 宾语+宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形 式。如：e.g. She fou

10、nd that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.三.否定转移e.g. I don ' t think he is CooL为他并不酷常用词：believe, suppose等四.注意问题和易错点1 .由粗心大意导致语序的错乱，长从句也只有主谓宾语序，不要受引 导词的影响（可暂时忽略引导词，直接看从句）2 . Whether/if用法傻傻分不清（whether是否，if是否/如果）3 .从句中介词短语的介词弄丢e.g. I don ' t kn

11、ow who she is looking MB（了 at ）4 .宾从和定从同时出现完全不知所措（宾从是作宾语，谁做了什么，说了什么，谁想知道什么等，定从修饰名词，引导词只有who/that/who/whose/which/as/when/where/why , what 不能用语定从, 只用于宾从）5 .混淆视觉的句子，错当是疑问句e.g. Jim didn ' t know what was wrong with his computer.宾语从句专项习题巩固练习1 .Have you decided for Australia?A. when will you leaveB.

12、when do you leaveC. you will leave whenD. when you will leave2 .Can you tell me?A. where does Tom liveB.where Tom livedC. Tom lives whereD.where Tom lives3 .The old man asked me.A. where was the cinemaB. where isthe cinemaC. where the cinema wasD. where wasthe way to the cinema4.1 think you will lik

13、e him.A. that B. if C. why D. how5.I didn ' t know he willcome or not.A. that B. whether C. weatherD. how6.1 wonder.A. how much cost these shoesB. howmuchdo theseshoes costC. how much these shoes costD. howmucharethese shoescost7.She asked me.A. who he was B. who was heC. who is he D. who he is8

14、.Ask him.A. whose cup this is B. whosecup isthisC. this is whose cup D. whoseisthiscup9.1 don ' t know .A. what time the movie startsB.what timestarts themovieC. the time to start the movieD.the moviewhat timestarts10 .The doctor asked me how long .A. was I illB. have I been illC. I have been il

15、l D. I had been 川11 .The weather forecast doesn ' t.sayn.A. if it rains tomorrowB. if does it rain tomorrowC. if it will rain tomorrowD. if will it rain tomorrowB. whose pen this isD. whom the pen belong to12 .Do you know?A. whose pen is thisC. whom does the pen belong to13 .Could you tell me wh

16、ere? A. the tape wasB. was the tapeC. the tape isD. is the tape14 .They want to know?A. where is the hospital B. how old are youC. when the train will leave D. why is the boy crying15 .Tony wanted to know.A. what had Father Christmas put in his stockingB. when Father Christmas had put in his stockin

17、gC. what Father Christmas had put in his stockingD. where Father Christmas had put in his stocking16 .No one knows the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.A. when B. whether C. where D. if17 .July didn ' t know .A. where is Tim' s fatherB. when was the first w

18、atch madeC. who the old man isD. what was wrong with her watch18 .No one told us, so we need your help.A. how should we doB. what we should doC. what to doD. what should we do19 .We don' t know_ with the rubbish and it pollutes out landand sea.A. how do itB. how to doC. what do itD. what to do20

19、 .He asked me .A. whether I find out the sender of the moneyB. whether did I find out the sender of the moneyC. whether the sender of the money found outD. whether I found out the sender of the money能力提高练习1. I don't knowhe will come tomorrow.he comes,I'll tell you .A. if; Whether B. whether;

20、 WhetherC. if; ThatD. if; If2. I don't knowthe day after tomorrow.A. when does he come B. how will he comeC. if he comesD. whether he'll come3. Could you tell me the nearest hospital is?A. whatB. howC. whether D. where4. Could you tell me the radio without any help?A. how did he mend B. what

21、 did he mendC. how he mended D. what he mended5. I want to know.A. whom is she looking afterB. whom she is lookingC. whom is she lookingD. whom she is looking after6. Do you know where now?A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live7. Do you know what time?A. the train leave B. does the t

22、rain leaveC. will the train leave D. the train leaves8. I don't know. Can you tell me, please?A. how the two players are oldB. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how oldD. how old the two players are9. The small children don't know .A. what is their stockings inB. what is in t

23、heir stockingsC. where is their stockings inD. what in their stockings10. I can't understand .A. what does Christmas meanC. what mean Christmas doesB. what Christmas does mean D. what Christmas means11. I don ' t know he will be back home.A. who B. what- C. when D. where12. Could you tell me

24、?A. where do you liveB. who you are waiting forC. who were you waiting forD. where you live in13. Do you still remember ?A. that he said B. what he saidC. did he say that D. what did he say14. I can ' t understand the boy alone.A. why she left B. why did she leaveC. why she had left D. why had s

25、he left15. She told me the sun in the east.A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen16. They tried to find outthe new trainA. how far/ had goneB. how long/ has goneC. how far/ wentD. how far / had run17. The manager came up to see.A. what was the matterB. what the matter wasC. what the matter isD. what

26、' s the matter18. Can you tell me?A. what are you doing B. where do you studyC. what you were doing D. what to do it19. He asked his father.A. where it happens B. where did it happenC. how it happened D. how did it happen20.No one tells us so we need your help.A. how we should do B. what should

27、we doC. how to do itD. what to do it直击中考1. Some of my friends are interesting in science, but none of them can tell.A. when UFOs will appear next timeB. why do horses know the wayC. where was this kind of plant foundD. how do elephants communicate2. -What time will Mr. Brown be back to China?Sorry.

28、I don ' t know .A. when did he go abroadB. why he is going abroadC. how soon will he be backD. how long he will stay abroad3. -May I come in ? I ' m sorry I am late.-Come in, please. But could you please tell me. ?A. why you are late againB. what were you doing thenC. who you talked withD. h

29、ow do you come to school4. -Could you please tell me. ?-Bus No.32 will take you right there.A. where is Henan MuseumB. what Henan Museum is likeC. how can I get to Henan MuseumD. which bus I shall take to Henan Museum 5. Peter says that the Whites are on holiday, but no one knows _A. where they have

30、 beenB. where are theyC. where are they fromD. where they have gone6. -Do you know -Next Friday.A. when will they visitC. when did they visitthe Capital Museum?B. when they will visit D. when they visited7. He wanted to know A. when will we have C. when would we havethe English party.8. when we will

31、 haveD. when we would have8. I want to know .A. when we should arrive at the airportB. when should we arrive at the airportC. when the airport we should arrive atD. when the airport should we arrive at9. -David, look at the man in white over there. Can you tell me-He is a doctor.A. who is he B. who

32、he is C. what is he D. what he is11. -1 wonder without water-About a week.A. how long man can liveB. how long can man liveC. when man can liveD. when can man live宾语从句巩固练习参考答案1 .参考答案D 你决定什么时候去澳大利亚了吗？宾语从句用陈述 语序。2 .参考答案D宾语从句用陈述语序，where作从句的宾语。3 .参考答案C宾语从句用陈述语序，where表示地点。4 .参考答案A if表示选择，我想你是否将喜欢他。5 .参考答案

33、 B 有or not, 所以用 whether.6 .参考答案C宾语从句用陈述语序.7 .参考答案A宾语从句用陈述语序,who作从句的宾语。8 .参考答案A whose是所有格，所以后面要有一个名词，整体做从 句的宾语。9 .参考答案A 宾语从句用陈述语序。10 .参考答案D主句是过去时，从句也要用过去相应的时态，医生 问我之前我已经病了，所以用过去完成时态。11 .参考答案C if连接宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序。12 .参考答案B whos镰所有格，所以后面要有一个名词，整体做从 句的宾语。13 .参考答案C宾语从句用陈述语序。14 .参考答案C宾语从句用陈述语序，时态不受限制。15 .参

34、考答案C 主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去相应的时态，因 为圣诞老人是之前就把礼物放进袜子里了，所以用过去完成时态。16 .参考答案 B 有or not就用whether.17 .参考答案D 宾语从句用陈述语序，主句用一般过去时，从句要 用过去相应的时态。18 .参考答案B没有人告诉我们应该做什么，所以我们需要你的帮 助。宾语从句用陈述语序，如果选 B就是没有人做什么，us后面是 宾语从句，而us是宾格不能作从句的主语，所以C选项缺少宾语从 句的主语，应选B.19 .参考答案D我们不知道用垃圾做什么并且垃圾污染陆地和海洋。What做to do的宾语。20 .参考答案D宾语从句用陈述语序，他问我是

35、否我能找出寄钱的 人，主句用过去时态，从句用过去相应的时态。能力提高练习参考答案1 .参考答案D.前一个if引导宾语从句，表示选择 是否"，后一个 if引导的是条件状语从句表示将来的动作，所以用主将从现。2 .参考答案D.我不知道后天他是否回来，宾语从句用陈述语序。3 .参考答案D. where表示地点，最近的医院在哪里。4 .参考答案C宾语从句用陈述语序，已经说了是修理录音机，所以 不用 what,而用 how.5 .参考答案D宾语从句用陈述语序，whom作照顾的宾语。6 .参考答案A主句用现在时态，从句不受限制，住在哪里用一般现 在时，宾语从句用陈述语序。7 .参考答案D宾语从句

36、用陈述语序，从句是客观事实，用一般现在时。8 .参考答案D宾语从句用陈述语序。9 .参考答案B宾语从句用陈述语序，what在从句中做主语。10 .参考答案D 宾语从句用陈述语序，what在从句中做宾语。11 .参考答案C.因为后面的从句是说他将回家，所以前面应该是我 不知道他什么时间回家。12 .参考答案B. B是陈述语序，D可以用where you live或which you live in.13 .参考答案B.宾语从句用陈述语序，what在宾语从句中做 said 的宾语。14 .参考答案A.宾语从句用陈述语序，主句用现在的时态，从句根 据事实用相应的时态。15 .参考答案C.客观真理用一

37、般现在时态。16 .参考答案D.距离多远一般用how far, go是个瞬间动词，所以 应该用可以表示持续动作的动词。17 .参考答案A.主句是过去时态，从句要用过去的相应时态，所以 C、D排除。What作宾语从句的主语。18 .参考答案D. what作动词不定式的真正宾语。19 .参考答案C.宾语从句用陈述语序，主句是一般过去时态，从句 也用过去时态。20 .参考答案C.因为不知怎样做，所以需要你的帮助，如果是不知 道做什么，会有人告诉你做什么的。如果对主语提问，则特殊疑问句 的语序不变。21 .参考答案C.如果对主语提问，则特殊疑问句的语序不变。22 .参考答案C.后面有or not疝前面

38、只能用 whether.23 .参考答案C.后面有or not时，前面只能用 whether.24 .参考答案C.在哪里买的电视，肯定是买回来了，所以应该用一 般过去时，主句用现在时，从句可用任何时态。25 .参考答案D.又一个五年之后，应用 another它将会变成什么样 子，所以应用what.26 .参考答案B.宾语从句用陈述语序，has gone to表示已经去了， 现在还在那里，has been to表示曾经去过，现在不在那里。27 .参考答案C.宾语从句用陈述语序，后面if引导条件状语从句， 用主将从现时态。28 .参考答案A. tomorrow时间状语表明宾语从句用一般将来时，后一

39、个句子是if引导的条件状语从句，所以用主将从现。29 .参考答案D. when引导时间状语从句，表示将来的动作，用主从 现。30 .参考答案A.宾语从句用陈述语序，主句用现在的时态，从句根 据事实选择时态。31 .参考答案D主句用一般过去时，所以从句的时态必须是过去的 相应时态，宾语从句用陈述语序。32 .参考答案B宾语从句用陈述语序，后面的时态是一般现在时， 所以从句的时态也可以是一般现在时态。33 .参考答案 A how many people在从句中作主语，宾语从句用陈 述语序。34 .参考答案D我想知道他的名字是什么。His name作主语，what 在从句中作宾语。宾语从句用陈述语序

40、。35 .参考答案D他问我，我怎么了。What在从句中作主语，with me 作伴随状语，宾语从句用陈述语序。36 .参考答案B你还记得在会上的时候，吉姆说什么了吗？what作从句的宾语。宾语从句用陈述语序。37 .参考答案D用where就不用the way 了，所以排除A、C。which 作从句的主语，宾语从句用陈述语序。38 .参考答案C用多久时间一般都用how long提问，it在从句中作 形式主语，真正的主语是to get there.宾语从句用陈述语序.39 .参考答案C你知道他教什么科目吗？宾语从句用陈述语序。40 .参考答案A主句是一般过去时，所以从句只能是过去的相应时态，宾语从

41、句用陈述语序。41 .参考答案C你知道那里发生什么了吗？不可能一只发生也不可 能是被发生，所以只能是正在发生，宾语从句用陈述语序。42 .参考答案A由后面的答语可知，问的是时间，所以用 when.43 .参考答案A宾语从句用陈述语序。后面有时间状语 tomorrow, 所以从句用一般将来时。44 .参考答案D宾语从句用陈述语序，他住在哪里是表示状态的，所 以用一般现在时态，又因live是不及物动词，后面不能直接跟宾语， 必须加个介词才可以，in the room,所以后同介词in.45 .参考答案D由1.75 meters得知，是问他有多高，所以用how tall.46 .参考答案C主句用一般过去时态，从句要用过去相应的时态， 因为在说话的时候，已经写了信，动作发生在过去的过去，所以应该 用过去完成时态。47 .参考答案C宾语从句中缺少waiting for的宾语，所以应该用宾 格 whom.48 .参考答案D我不知道他是否还住这里。因为不确定，所以应该 用 whether.49 .参考答案A what在宾语从句中做said的宾语。50 .参考答案D宾语从句用陈述语序，如果选 C的意思就是我非常 想知道他一直被忙，不应用被动语态，D选项是合理的。51