江苏省盐城市大丰市万盈第二中学年中考英语八下UnitPastandpresent复习课件牛津译林版

1、8B Unit 1Past and present(Revision) Learning aims: 掌握本单元的重点单词、短语和句子。掌握本单元的重点单词、短语和句子。2. 掌握现在完成时的基本构成和用法。掌握现在完成时的基本构成和用法。 Part1 Words1. 现在，目前现在，目前 2.街区街区3.废料废料 4.意识到，实现意识到，实现5.改进，改善改进，改善 (名词名词) 6.形势，情况形势，情况7.尽管，即使这样尽管，即使这样 8.环境，条件环境，条件9.到（在）国外到（在）国外 10.正是，没错正是，没错11.小学教育的，初级的小学教育的，初级的12.丈夫丈夫13.妻子妻子 (复

2、数复数)14.环境环境 (形容词形容词)presentblockwasterealizeimprovesituationanyway condition abroadexactlyprimaryhusbandwifewivesimprovementenvironmentenvironmental Part1 Words1. 北方 (adj.)2.南方 (adj.)3.结婚(vt.) (adj.) （n.） 4.污染 (vt.) (adj.) （n.） 5.采访(vt.) (n.) （n.） 6.进来，最近 (adv.) (adj.) 7.交流，交际(vt.) (n.) northsouther

3、nnorthernmarrysouthcommunicationpollute recentlypollutedinterviewcommunicatepollutionmarriedmarriageinterviewinterviewerrecent用所给词的适当形式填空：用所给词的适当形式填空： We can learn a lot about Yangzhous Past and _(现在现在). I cant imagine how terrible the _(形势形势) was at that time. Our government has done something to _

4、(改善改善) peoples living _(条件条件)。 -You were still at _(初级的初级的) school then.-_(正是正是). My cousin has decided to go _(到国外到国外) for further education. We should take active actions to protect our _(环境环境)。I would like to be a member of Green First, an _ group.improvepresentsituationconditionsprimaryexactlyab

5、roadenvironmentenvironmental用所给词的适当形式填空：用所给词的适当形式填空：1. Drinking _ water does harm to ones health so water _ is really terrible. (pollute)2. Guang dong Province is in the _ part of China. (south ).3. Mr. Sun is a great _. He has _ many famous people. (interview)4.- Do you know Mary got _ to a pilot?

6、-Yes, they_ for nearly two years. (marry)5.How do you keep in touch with your friends?- We mainly _ by email. The Internet makes _ much easier.(交流交流)southernpollutedpollutioninterviewerinterviewedmarriedhave been marriedcommunicatecommunication中考学案大本中考学案大本P65 1.change n./v.change a lotthe changes to

7、Yangzhou _over these years. 这些年来扬州变化很大！这些年来扬州变化很大！There _ Yangzhou over these years. Great changes _in Yangzhou over these years. has changed a lot have been great changes in/tohave taken place Part1 Phrases & sententces 1. get married 结婚 be/get married to Sb. marry Sb. 和某人结婚 Tom _ Mary in 1965.

8、 Mary _ Tom in 1965. Tom and Mary _ in 1965. They _ since 1965.易混淆短语：易混淆短语：use sth to do sth 用某物做某事用某物做某事be used to do /for doing sth 被用来做某事被用来做某事be used as sth被用为某物被用为某物be used to doing sth习惯于做某事习惯于做某事used to beused to studyFill in the blanks.1.There _(过去是）过去是）a clean river and it _(use) to wash cl

9、othes.2.Can you tell me different _(用处用处)of a computer?3.The new light rail _(投入使用投入使用)since 2005. 4.刀被用来切东西刀被用来切东西 Knives _5.以前，我不习惯早起以前，我不习惯早起 In the past, I _used to bewas used useshas been in useare used to cut things/for cutting thingswasnt used to getting up early中考学案大本中考学案大本P67 小试身手小试身手5He fe

10、els lonely .He feels lonely .He spent doing his homework.We will visit there next week. The Whites have been to Hongkong _. 4. from time to time 不时，有时，偶尔不时，有时，偶尔sometimes =at times易混淆单词或短语：易混淆单词或短语：some time sometime some timesfrom time to timesometimes at timessome timesometime一段时间一段时间某一时候某一时候几次几次s

11、ome times5. feel a bit lonely 感到有点儿寂寞感到有点儿寂寞 alone adj.&adv. lonely adj. eg. 1. 他一个人单独居住他一个人单独居住,但从不感到寂寞但从不感到寂寞. He lives _, but he never feels _. 2. 他一个人住在偏僻的村庄里他一个人住在偏僻的村庄里. He _.lives alone in a lonely village单独单独 , 一个人一个人 ( 用作表语或状语用作表语或状语 )孤独的孤独的,寂寞的寂寞的,偏僻的偏僻的 (作表语或定语作表语或定语 ) a bit/a little/

12、a little bit + adj.(adv.)a bit of /a little + 不可数名词不可数名词He knows _French.eg.他懂得一点法语。他懂得一点法语。Shes _afraid of her father.a bit/a little/a little bita bit of /a little 6.a little, a bit 有点儿有点儿她有点儿害怕她的父亲。她有点儿害怕她的父亲。拓展：拓展：not a bit not a little一点也不一点也不 很多，非常很多，非常你一点都不老。你一点都不老。You are _ old.我最近麻烦事很多。我最近麻烦

13、事很多。 I have_ trouble recently.not a bit not a little1. 现在完成时的肯定句句型现在完成时的肯定句句型 主语（第一、二人称单、复数主语（第一、二人称单、复数)+have 主语（第三人称复数）主语（第三人称复数） +have +过去分词过去分词 主语（第三人称单数主语（第三人称单数） +has 2. 现在完成时的否定句句型现在完成时的否定句句型 主语主语+have/has+not+过去分词过去分词+ I have not seen the movie yet. He hasnt been to Beijing since then. We ha

14、ve lived in Beijing. He has lived in Beijing. I have finished my homework. Part3 Grammar Present perfect tense3.现在完成时的一般疑问句句型现在完成时的一般疑问句句型 Have/Has+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+. Have you finished the work? Has she arrived here?4.现在完成时的特殊疑问句句型现在完成时的特殊疑问句句型 特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+have/has+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+. How many times have yo

15、u been to the Great Wall?movelivelovelikevisitrepairwatchfinishvisited visited repaired repairedwatched watchedfinished finishedmoved moved lived lived loved loved liked liked verbed以以e结尾结尾dstopmoptrapplanstopped stopped mopped moppedtrapped trappedplanned planned注注:以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,

16、双写双写最后一个辅音字母最后一个辅音字母ed双写双写edstudy hurrystudied studiedhurried hurried去去yied注注:以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y结尾的词结尾的词,去去yied.Exercises:bringbuy fallfeel speak thinkwritebrought broughtbought boughtfell fallenfelt feltspoke spokenthought thoughtwrote written这种用法常与这种用法常与already, just, yet, ever, never, recently,before(

17、句末句末)等连用等连用1.I _ (do) my homework already.2.He _(not finished) his homework yet.3._you ever _(be) to Beijing?4.We _ never _ (see) such an exciting match before.5.Mother _ just _(clean) the house. Please dont come in.6.They _(practice) this dialogue twice.have donehas not finishedHavebeenhaveseenhasc

18、leanedhave practiced6.6.用法用法1 1：表示之前已发生或完成的动作或表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果和现在有联系或造成影响。状态，其结果和现在有联系或造成影响。注意：注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有当在肯定陈述句中含有alreadyalready或或just just 时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的already already 或或just just 去掉，在句末加上去掉，在句末加上yet. yet. I havent seen the film yet.2 I have done my homework alrea

19、dy.I havent done my homework yet.3. Mother has just cleaned the house.Mother hasnt cleaned the house yet.1 I have seen the film already. 这种用法还可与这种用法还可与 for +一段时间一段时间, since, these years, so far, in the past/last years等连用等连用1.We _ (learn) English for over three years.2.Mr. Green _ (be) in China these

20、 years.3.They _(write) 15 songs so far.4.The population _ (grow) more slowly in the past ten years.5.Great changes _ (take) place in my hometown since I was born.have learnedhas beenhave writtenhas grown7.7.用法用法2 2：表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始并一直延表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始并一直延续到现在续到现在, ,且有可能持续下去。且有可能持续下去。have takenAttent

21、ion: since的用法1. Since+ 过去某个时间（此时过去某个时间（此时 since充当介词）充当介词） Eg: He has been in this school since 1999.2. Since+一段时间一段时间+ ago （此时（此时 since充当介词）充当介词） Eg: She has known Susan since seven years ago.3. Since+ 从句从句 （此时（此时 since充当连词）充当连词）（此时主句使用完成时，从句则要使用过去时）（此时主句使用完成时，从句则要使用过去时）Eg: I have lived here since I

22、 was born.4.当主句的谓语动词为当主句的谓语动词为be或或seem时，则主句要采用一般现在时时，则主句要采用一般现在时,从句仍从句仍使用过去时。使用过去时。Eg: Its a long time since we left school. for or since1. We have lived here _ 1990.2. How long have you studied here ? _ 5 years .3. The boy has had a bad cold _ last night .4. Mr. Huang has kept the books _ a week ag

23、o .5.I have taught in the school _ I came here .6We have been friends _ a long time .sinceForsincesincesincefor中考学案大本中考学案大本P68 小试身手小试身手8 His father has died. (for 2 years) The football match has begun.(since9:00a.m) The twins have joined the army. (since they were 18years old) My teacher has just le

24、ft Nanjing. (since 3 days ago)His father has been dead for 2 years.The football match has been on since 9:00 a.m.The twins have been soldiers/ been in the army since they were 18years old. My teacher has been away from Nanjing since 3 days ago.8.延续性动词和非延续性动词延续性动词和非延续性动词在现在完成时中的使用在现在完成时中的使用延续性动词延续性动词

25、: : be, have, know, live, work, study, learn, teach, wait, wear, walk, sleep等，等，这些动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。这些动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。非延续性动词非延续性动词: :come, go, arrive, leave, begin, start, buy, join, die, borrow等，等， 这些动词这些动词可用于可用于现现在完成时，说明某个动作的在完成时，说明某个动作的结果还存在结果还存在，但但不能不能与表示与表示一段时间一段时间的状语连用。的状语连用。通常延续性动词可以表示一种状态，和表

26、示通常延续性动词可以表示一种状态，和表示一段时间的状语连用。一段时间的状语连用。He has been here for two hours.而非延续性动词通常表示某一动作的发生，而非延续性动词通常表示某一动作的发生，要想用非延续性动词和表示一段时间的状要想用非延续性动词和表示一段时间的状语连用，必须要用相对应的延续性动词进语连用，必须要用相对应的延续性动词进行转换。行转换。He has bought a new book.He has bought a new book for three days.had具体见课本具体见课本P 28 He has bought the book. He h

27、as bought the book for a week. He has had the book for a week. buyhavecome /go/get tobe injoin be inbe a member of leave be away borrow keep begin be on finish be over die be dead return be back She has bought the computer for two years.hadbuyhave/has hadHow long have you come to the United States？

28、been income tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadAnn has gone to China since three months ago.been income tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been inMy brother has joined the army for five years. been inbeen a soldier come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been inarrive inhave/ha

29、s been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier I have left Shanghai for 3 days. been away from come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been inget tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has been away I have borrowed the dictionary since 3 days ago

30、 . kept come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been inget tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has been away borrow have/has kept The film has begun for 10 minutes. been on come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been inget tohave/has bee

31、n injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has been away borrow have/has kept begin have/has been on 类似的转换还有：类似的转换还有：fall asleepbe asleep ; catch a cold have a cold ; move therebe there; get to knowknow; open be open; colsebe closed ;wake upbe awake 等等 巧记巧记10个瞬间性动词的转换个瞬间性动词的转换 (课本课本

32、 U2 P28) “开始离去借来还，出生入死买到家开始离去借来还，出生入死买到家”1 beginbe on6 returnbe back2 leavebe away from7 joinbe in/a member of3 gobe in8 diebe dead4 borrowkeep9 buyhave5 comebe in/at10 arrivebe in/at arrive/come/go to die become a borrow Leave/ move buy open join start/begin finish/ end catch a cold get up get to k

33、now get out close wake up go to sleep become interested in be in be deadhavekeepbe away / be out be abe in/a member ofbe openbe onbe overhave a coldbe upknowbe outbe closedbe awakebe asleep/ sleepbe interested inCorrecting 1. I have borrowed the book for 3 months. 2. My bother has joined the army si

34、nce he was 18. 3. Jack and Tom have lived here since 5years. 4. The film has been on since I have come to the cinema. 5. When has Mr. Li caught a bad cold? have kepthas been in/ been a soldiersince 5 years ago/ for 5 yearscame didcatch中考学案大本中考学案大本P69 单选单选 9.have/has gone与与have/has been 区别区别 have/has

35、 gone to:已经去了或在途中，还没有返回； have/has been to:曾今去过某地，现在已经回来了,后面可接表示“次数”的状语; have/has been in:表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。 总结总结 1. Ten years have passed since they got married. 2. Jim has gone to Beijing for 2 years. 3.What time have the factory opened? 4.I have gone to Chunhua Middle School twi

36、ce.hashas been indidopenbeen toCorrecting 中考学案大本中考学案大本P72 小试身手小试身手6 eg. 他死了两年了：He has been dead for two years /since two years ago. It is/ has been two years since he died.Two years has passed since he died. 1. 这本书我借了一个月了。这本书我借了一个月了。It is/ has been a month since I borrowed the book.I have kept the b

37、ook for a month. /since a month ago.A month has passed since I borrowed the book.I have been in Yangzhou since 2003.改写出两个同义句改写出两个同义句It has 12 years since I lived in Yangzhou.Twelve years has passed since I lived in Yangzhou.中考学案大本中考学案大本P72 小试身手小试身手7 1.I _this book for two weeks, I have to return it

38、now.A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept2.The Greens _many places of interest since they came to China.A. will visit B. visited C. have visited D. visit3.My parents _ Shandong for ten years.A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been4.Im sorry, I _ your name.A. had forg

39、otten B. forgot C. have forgotten D. forgotten5.Her brother _the Party since 1978.A. joined B. has joined C. has been in D. was inExercise:现在完成时，强调这一动作产生的结果对现在现在完成时，强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响，与现在有关。的影响，与现在有关。 一般过去时，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生一般过去时，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，与现在无关过这一动作，与现在无关。 他已学英语五年了他已学英语五年了。 He has studied Eng

40、lish for five years. 他曾学过五年英语。他曾学过五年英语。 He studied English for five years. （说明他还继续学下去）（说明他还继续学下去） （只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。）只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。） 一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语：显的时间状语： 遇到遇到yesterday, Last year, in May, in+过去过去某一年，某一年，two days ago, just now等就用一等就用一般过去时。般过去时。当有当有 so far, in the past

41、/ last few days(在过在过去去/最近的几年里最近的几年里)，since接过去时间状语接过去时间状语或过去时的句子或过去时的句子等常用现在完成时。等常用现在完成时。 用所给词的适当形式填空：用所给词的适当形式填空：He _(work) in our school for one year.He _(come) to our school last year.They _(cook) the supper already.They _ (cook) the supper half an hour ago.中考指要中考指要P58 语法专练语法专练实力测验实力测验: 用所给词的适当形式填

42、空用所给词的适当形式填空 They_(go) to the cinema already.They_(go) to the cinema already. Mr. And Mrs.Li _(not come) Mr. And Mrs.Li _(not come) back yet.back yet. John_ (be)to the USA a few John_ (be)to the USA a few times.times. We _ (not see)that film yetWe _ (not see)that film yet I _ (not talk)to my cousin

43、I _ (not talk)to my cousin since last Friday.since last Friday.1.1.You _ (not visit)me for a You _ (not visit)me for a long time.long time.have gonehave not comehas beenhave not seenhave not talkedhave not visited7. Tom _ (buy) the bike for 2 years.8.I (not finish) the work yet.9. you (know) him sin

44、ce then?10.I _ (hear) from my father recently.11.We _ (be) there many times in the past 3 years.12.The dog _ (die) since 3 days ago.13.They _ (finish)the work so far.14.How long you _ (stay) at home yet?15.I _ (not read) the book before.16. He just (do) it.17.My sister _ (walk) to school every day last year.18.We _ (have) an exam again sometime next week.19.By 2012, we _ (plant) 2000 trees.20.Lucy _ _ (go) to Shanghai. She _ (leave)this morning. havent finishedHaveknownhave heardhave beenhas been deadhave finishedhavestayedhavent readhasdonewalkedwill havehave plantedhas gone