初中介词讲解及练习题

1、介词教师用介词是一种虚词，它不能单独担任句子成分，必须与名词或代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句构成介 词短语，才能担任句子成分。1、介词的种类介词由词形上可分为简单介词和短语介词。简单介词知识一个单词，如： in, on, after等。短语介词是由两个以上单词集合而成，如：out of, in front of, because of, instead of等。1、表示时间的介词表示时间”的介词如下：表示年、月、日、时刻等用at, in, on表示时间的前后用before, after表示期限等用by, until , till表示期间等用 for, during , through表

2、示时间的起点等用from , since表示时间的经过等用in , within（1） at, on, inA. at:用于表示时刻、时间的某一点at lunch在午饭时at breakfast早餐时 at noon正午时 at that time那时at night在夜间 at the moment此亥U,目前 at present目前 at nine （o' clock在九点钟 at first开始的时候，起初 at/on the weekend 在周末 at last 最后 at the same time 同时 at times 偶尔，有时 at the end of 1999

3、 在 1999 年末 at this time of （the） year在一年中的这个时候We usually have lunch at noon/ at twelve.我们通常中午吃午饭（十二点吃午饭）注意：表示时间的名词前有this, last, next, every等修饰时，其前面不加介词。this morning今天早上；last Monday上周一 ；every week每周B. on用于表示某天，某一天的上、下午（指具体的某一时，一律用 on）on Monday 在周一on Tuesday morning 在周二早上on June 6在6月6日on May 4,1996 在

4、1996 年 5 月 4 日on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚on that day 在那天on Christmas Day在圣诞节那天on time准时on Monday evening 在周一晚上on the night of July （the） first 在七月一日的夜晚we didn ' t listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon三下午我们没去听演讲。C. in用于表示周、月、 季节、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上（指在一段时间内）。in the week在这周in the holiday在假期中 in May 在五

5、月in summer在夏季in Spring 在春季 in autumn 在秋季 in 1995 在 1995 in winter 在冬季in September, 1995 在 1995 年 9 月in the morning 在上午in the afternoon 在下午in the evening 在晚上in the 21st century 在二H一it纪in time 及时 in an hour 一个小时后 in a minute 一会儿，立亥UJack was about to lock the door when just in time he remembered his ke

6、y.杰克正要锁门，忽然（正在那时他及时）想起了他要拿门钥匙。The plane took off on time.飞机准时起飞了。People go skating in winter.人们冬天去滑冰。Do they work in the day time or at night ?他们是白天工作还是夜里工作？（2） before, after （注：两个既可以作介词又可以作连词）A . before在之前Wash your hands before dinner. （before 作介词）吃饭前请洗手。He will call me before he leaves here/before

7、 ten o（前一个 beCock连词；后一个 before 作介词）他离开这儿之前/十点之前，将给我打电话。8. after在之后Let ' sang some songs after school. （ after 作介词）放学后咱们唱歌吧！Please close the door after you leave the room. （after 作连词）离开房间后请关门。（3） by, until/tillA. by在前（时间）;截止（到）How many English books had you read by the end of last year?到去年年底以前你看过

8、多少本英文书？She had left by the time I arrived.我到时（之前）她已经走了。例：by the end of在底（之前） by then到那时 by the time+从句 在之前B. until/till知道为止（时间）we didn ' t begin to watch TV until/till nine o一直到九点；榭国开始看电视。（begin是点动词，所以用否定式）I will wait for him until he comes here.我将在这儿一直等到他来。（4） for, during , throughA. for达之久（表示经

9、过了多少时间）可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用，但经常和完成时连用。He has lived here for 20 years.他在这儿已经住了二十年了。We will stay in the city for two days.我们要在这座城市呆两天。B. during在期间they are going to have a good rest during the summer holidays.暑彳民中他们打算好好休息下。C. through 一直（从开始到结束）They played the cards through the night.他们打了一整夜的牌。He stayed i

10、n London through the winter.他整个冬天者B待在伦敦。比较：for和during。for之后大多跟表示时间、具体天数等的数字名词。而 during后决不能跟表数字的名词。（5） from , sinceA. from从起（时间）表示 从开始”时，一般都是用词组fromto，而单纯表示确切的从几点开始”时用at。The meeting will be held from eight to ten.这个会议将从 8 点开到 10 点。The meeting will be held at eight.会议将从八点钟开始。B. since自从以来（表示从以前某时一直到现在仍

11、在继续）I have been sick since yesterday我从昨天起就病了。（强调一直病到现在）The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he became a doctor. （since作连词，弓I导时间状语从句）这个医生自从当医生 以来已经拯救了许多人的生命。（6） in, withinA. in过后（未来时间）大多用在将来时（一般将来时和过去将来时）。in an hour 一小时之后in a week or so大约一星期之后he will be back in five hours.他五小时之后回来。They said they

12、 would arrive here in a week.他们说他们一周后到达。注意：如果用于过去时，用 after+时间。She went to Nanjing last May, and she came back after a month.去年五月她去 了南京，一个月之后她又回来了。B. within不超过的范围within 3 hours 3 小时之内； within a week 一周之内I must finish painting the cat within five minutes.我必须在五分钟之内画好这只猫。比较：within和in。within强调 在时间之内"

13、;，没有时态的限制。in是以现在为基础，in an hour是指从现在起一小时之后，所以in一般只用于将来时。2、表示场所、方向的介词（1） 表示场所的介词：at, in, on, under, by, near, between, around, opposite（2） 表示方向的介词：into, out of, along, across, through, up, past at, inA. at在某地（表示比较狭窄的场所）at school 上学；at 2 Baker Street 在贝克街 2 号；at home 在家；stand at the door 站在门边；at a fact

14、ory 在一家工厂；at the bottom of 在下面；at the party 在聚会上； at the back of 在后边；at the end of 在末尾；at the head of在 排头；at the table 在桌旁；at Mike ' s house迈克家；at table 进餐；at the crossroads在十字路口； at work 在 上班；at the bus stop在公共汽车站； at the station在火车站；sit at my desk坐在我书桌旁I' ll meet him at the Beijing railway

15、 station.我将去北京站接他。B. in在某地（表示比较宽敞的场所）in Beijing 在北京；in the world 在世界上；in china 在中国；in the street在街上；in bed 躺在床上；in the yard 在院子 里；in a book/newspaper 在书上/报纸上；in the photo/picture 在照片里/图画里；in the middle 在中部；in a queue/line/row 排队（在对、行、排里）；in a country在国家（里）；in the house在房子里His brother is in prison. H

16、e was arrested 2 years ago.他哥哥两年前被捕的，现在他再监狱中服刑。Mike works in the prison.迈克在这个监狱工作。She was born in China.她是在中国出生的。 on, above, over, under, belowA. on在上面，有接触面。on the desk在桌子上面；on the map在地图上。There are two maps on the wall.墙上有两张地图。On在靠近的地方on the right 在右边； on the screen 在屏幕上； on the river 在河边； on the f

17、arm 在农场； on the floor 在地板上； on the island/beach在岛上/海滨；on the pavement在人行道上B. above在上方Our plane flew above the clouds.我们的飞机在云端上飞行。C. over在正上方， 是 under的反义词There is a light over Li Ming.李明的正上方有一盏灯。A few birds were flying over the sea.有几只鸟在海上飞。D. under在下面；在之内under the table 桌子下面； under the jacket 在夹克内Th

18、e dog is under the table.这只狗在桌子下面。E. below在下方（不一定是正下方）正下方是 under, below 是 above的反义词。There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water.水面下有许多各式各样的鱼。 near, byA. near近的，不远的near=not far,是far的反义词。Near还可以指时间，如：in the near future在不久的将来Is there a bus stop near here?这儿附近有公共汽车站吗？B. By在旁边，距离比 near要近by t

19、he window在窗户旁边；by me在我旁边The boy is standing by the window.这个男孩正站在窗户旁边。 between, among, aroundA. between在两者之间my teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike.我们的老师正坐在汤姆和迈克之间。What' s the difference between A and B A 和 B 之间有什么区别？B. among在三者或更多的之中There is a beautiful house among the trees.在树林之中有一间漂亮的房子。He

20、 is very popular among the students.他在学生之中很受欢迎（很出名） 。C. around环绕，在周围，在四周We sat around the table.我们在桌子四周坐下来。The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。 in front of , behind, oppositeA. in front of早的前面；在的前部There is a tree in front of the house.在房屋前面有一棵树。There is a big desk for the teacher in the front of

21、the classroom.在教室的前部有一张大讲桌。B. behind在后面behind是in front of的反义词There is a tree behind my house.There is a tree at the back of my house.我家房子后面有一棵树。C. opposite 在对面Our school is opposite a university,我们学校在一所大学的对面。He stood opposite me.他站在我对面。 in, into , out of, upA. in在之内，用于表示静止的位置The students are in the

22、classroom.学生们在教室里。B. into进入用于表示有特定终点的运动的方向。通常用于表示动作的动词之后，如：go, come, walk , run等。The students run into the classroom.学生们跑进教室。He jumped into the water.他跳入水中。C. out of和into一样，也表示有一定的运动方向the students rushed out of the room.学生们冲出房间。重要：out of的基本含义：从 到外面，离开；在 范围之外；从（某个数）之中D. up移动The children climbed up th

23、e tree.孩子们爬上了树。 along, across, past, throughA. along 沿着I was walking along the river when it began to rain. 我正沿着河边散步，突然下起雨来了。B. across 横过I often swim across the river.我常游泳横渡这条河。C. past经过Every day he runs past the city hall.他每天跑步经过市政府。D. through 贯穿，通过The sun shone through the clouds.阳光穿过云层照射下来。The ri

24、ver was through the city.这条河穿过这个城市。 to, from , forA. to到达地点（目的地）或方向He came to Japan in 1980.他 1980 年来至U 日本。B. for表示目的地，向”for表目的时，一般都是和固定动词搭配。leaver for 动身去;start for 出发去I will leaver for America next week.下周我将动身去美国。C. from从地点起It ' s about ten minutes ' walk from here to the cinema.从这儿到电影院大约需

25、步行十分钟。3、其他介词（介词除了可以表示 时间“、场所”以外，有些也可以表示手段“、材料”等。）（1） 表示手段和材料的介词with, in, by with A.和在一起Will you please go with me?你和我一起去好吗？B.具有、带有He was a handsome boy with large bright eyes.他是有着一双明亮大眼睛的英俊男孩。C.用某种工具或办法Li Li cut her hand with a knife.莉莉用刀把手指弄破了。I see with my eyes.我用眼睛看。He wrote the letter with a new

26、 pen.他用一只新钢笔写这封信。说明：“with （+形容词）+名词”构成的介词短语可以作定语，放在其所修饰名词的后面，表示名词的特征。With one ' s hep某人的帮助下Eg. With the teacher ' s help I have made超前艇的帮助下，我取得了进步。in表示用什么材料（如用墨水，铅笔等） ，或用什么语言，或者表示衣着、声调特点时，不用 with,而用in。she wrote a letter in black ink.她用黑色的墨水写信。Don' t write it in pencil but in ink.别用铅笔写，用钢

27、笔（水）写。Can you speak in English ?你能用英语说吗？比较：in和with用in , with表示工具或方法时，在译成中文时区别不大，但在英语上的用法却不大相同。用"with"时，后面的名词要加上冠词或代词。With my ears.用我的耳朵。 With a pencil.用一只铅笔。用in时，后面加物质名词，不能加冠词。In ink用墨水（钢笔）in pencil用铅笔。by通过方法、手段必背："by+5通工具”的词组：by bicycle骑自行车；by train坐火车；by plane/by air坐飞机；by taxi坐出租车；

28、 by car坐小汽车；by ship坐船；by bus坐公共汽车（2） of, fromof （属于）的；表示的数量或种类This is a map of china.这是一幅中国地图。Will you please give me a cup of tea?请您给我杯茶好吗？From来自（某地、某人）；以起始（时间或地点）I ' nrcfm Nanjing.我是南京人。I have got a letter from my friend.我收到了一封我朋友的来信。We work from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五上班。（3） Without, like

29、 , as without没有，是 with的反义词。Man can ' t live withouair and water.人类没有空气和水不能生存。I can ' t read the book without using a dictionary.用字典，我看不了这本书。Please give me a cup of coffee with （without） milk.请给我一杯（不）加牛奶的咖啡。like像一样Nancy is just like her mother.南希和她的妈妈一样。注意：Nancy looks like her mother.（南希和她妈妈长

30、得一样。）用look时，强调外表。作为He is famous as a scientist here.他在此地作为一个科学家而闻名。They treated me as a hero.他们像对待英雄那样对待我。The room is dirty as usual.这房间像平时一样脏。（4） against, about against反对；靠着he is against the plan （Li Ming ）.他反对这个计划。（他反对李明）the teacher is standing against the blackboard.老师正 靠着 黑板站着。about A.关于；各处；身旁Te

31、ll me something about your life.告诉我你的生活情况。He looked about himself.他向四处张望。I have no money about/with me.我身上没带钱。B.询问某人/某物的情况或提出建议What about your sister ?你姐姐情况如何？How about going to the park ? 去公园怎么样？4、介词短语介词和动词、形容词或名词相结合后，形成复合词，有特定的意思。如下：（1） 动词 + 介词（如:talk about, look at）（2） Be动词+形容词+介词（如：be kind of）（3

32、） 介词 + 名词（如：at home, on foot, in time ）动词+介词Don' t play with fire 别玩火。be good at在做得好；擅长于 be different from 和不同些常用介词就可构成大量成语 at first sight 一见（钟情）out of breath气喘吁吁play with sth.玩某物（玩耍）Be动词+形容词+介词be kind to对（某人）亲切； be aware of 意识至U be busy with忙于（某事） 介词+名词1）英语中有大量成语由介词构成，单是at ease 稍息，安心out of acti

33、on 失灵2）有些介词夹在名词之间构成成语：year after year 年复一年day after tomorrow 后天from bad to worse 越来越糟day after day 日复一日地 day before yesterday 前天 heart to heart互相交心的3）还有一些成语包含两个介词：from beginning to end 从头至尾介词练习1. The play begins at 6: 40 pm. So we have to be at the theatre 6:30 pm at the latest.A. after B. around C.

34、 until D. by2. They held a ceremony those killed in the battle.A. in honor of B. instead of C. in favor of D. by means of3. After finishing middle school, my sister did nothing at home.A. but to read B. but read C. besides reading D. except to read4. Write your name and address on your bag you lose

35、it.A. in any case B. in case C. in no case D. in that case5. did the professor give you much advice? The choice of a career.A. On what B. In what C. What D. For what6. I made coat my own hands. It was made hand not with a machine.A. in; in B. in; with C. with; by D. with; with7. He is running the wi

36、nd towards the east of the station Tom running the right.A. down; and; on B. against; with; onC. for; with; inD. with; while; to8. Not all of us know the difference wheat, oats and barley.A. among B. between C. from D. in9. The young singer is quite popular the public. She s made a remarkable achiev

37、ement a girl ofher age.A. with; to B. to; for C. with; for D. for; to10. The apple trees have lots of big apples them. And some birds are singing the trees.A. in; on B. at; in C. on; in D. with; through11. That woman will quarrel everybody anything.A. about; about B. about; with C. with; about D. wi

38、th; with12. The weather this month has been good .A. on the whole B. generally speaking C. above all D. on one hand13. We should divide all the potatoes two piles and separated the good ones the bad ones.A. from; by B. into; from C. into; into D. from; into14. They said the building would be complet

39、ed a year.A. after B. for C. in D. about15. These boxes are too heavy for me to carry. Here, I ll give you a hand them.A. for B. to C. with D. by1. D 。从 “戏剧在下午6:40 开始 ”可知到达剧院的时间最迟不应晚于6:30。 A 项表示 “下午 6:30 后到剧院”， C 项表示“在剧院呆到下午6:30 为止 ”，均不合题意。B 项干扰性最强，around 意为 “左右，大约” ,但在6:30 pm 后有 at thelatest最晚"二者相矛盾。C项by是not later than（不迟于）之意，整合题意。2. Ao in honour of意为 为庆祝（为向.表示敬意，为纪念"；instead of意为 代替;而不是"；in