人教新目标版八年级上册英语课时知识内容精讲

1、.课时内容精讲Unit 1anyone的用法Did you go with anyone?你和某个人一起去的吗?P21.anyone是指人的复合不定代词,在句中可作主语或宾语,一般用在否认句或疑问句中。当它被形容词修饰时,形容词要位于其后。2.someone也是由-one构成的复合不定代词,someone意为“某人;有人,通常用在肯定句中。例如:I dont know how to solve the problem.You can ask someone else for help.我不知道怎样解决这个问题。你可以向别人求助。anywhere的用法Oh,did you go anywhere

2、 interesting?喔,你去了有趣的地方了吗?P2anywhere是由any和where构成的复合不定副词,通常用在否认句或疑问句中。当形容词修饰anywhere时,形容词要位于其后。由-where构成的不定副词somewhere 在某处anywhere 在任何地方nowhere 任何地方都不everywhere 到处;处处例如:I left my book somewhere near here.我把我的书落在附近某处了。few的用法We took quite a few photos there.我们在那里拍了很多照片。P2few作形容词时,用来修饰可数名词,此时few作定语;few

3、作代词时,可以作主语或宾语。辨析few,a few,little与a little词条意义用法few很少;几乎没有表示否认意义,修饰可数名词复数。a few几个;一些表示肯定意义,修饰可数名词复数。little很少;几乎没有表示否认意义,修饰不可数名词。a little一点;一些表示肯定意义,修饰不可数名词。例如:Tom has little money,but few students want to help him.汤姆几乎没有钱了,但是几乎没有学生想帮助他。something的用法Yes,I bought something for my father.是的,我给我爸爸买了一些东西。P

4、3something是由some和thing构成的复合不定代词,通常用在肯定句中。当形容词修饰something,anything等复合不定代词时,形容词要位于其后。辨析something,anything,nothing与everythingsomething表示“某事;某物,通常用在肯定句中,还可以用在表示恳求或期望得到肯定答复的疑问句中。anything表示“任何事;任何物,通常用在否认句或疑问句中,还可以用在条件状语从句中。nothing表示“没有什么,是否认词,相当于“not.anything。everything表示“每件事;所有事;一切。注意:当something,anythin

5、g,nothing,everything作主语时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。例如:If something happens to you,Ill come to help you at once.假设你发生了什么事,我会立即来帮助你。yourself的用法Why didnt you buy anyhing for yourself? 为什么不给你自己买点东西?P31.yourself是反身代词,其本身不能单独作主语。2.常见的反身代词:第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myself我自己yourself你自己himself/herself/itself他/她/它自己复数ourselves我们自己

6、yourselves你们自己themselves他/她/它们自己seem的用法Still no one seemed to be bored.似乎仍然没有人感到无聊。P31.seem可用作系动词和不及物动词,意为“好似,似乎,看起来,后接形容词作表语。例如:You seem very happy today.你今天好似很开心。2.seem后还可接名词、不定式和从句。常用句型:It seems/seemed that.。例如:He seems a nice man.他好似是个不错的人。I seem to have left my book at home.我好似把书落在家里了。It seems

7、that they know what they are doing.他们好似知道自己在做什么。辨析seem与look1seem作系动词,意为“好似,似乎,后面通常接形容词、名词、动词不定式和从句;look作系动词,意为“看起来好似,似乎,后面通常接形容词、名词。例如:She seems to be honest.她似乎很老实。He doesnt look his age.他看起来没有实际年龄那么大。2seem侧重于根据某种迹象做出的判断,不一定是真相;look侧重于视觉感受。例如:He seems to know everything.他似乎什么都懂。He looked blue today

8、.他今天看上去很忧郁。3seem和look都可以和介词like连用。例如:It seemed like a good idea at the time.当时那个主意好似不错。That book looks like an interesting book.那本书看上去有趣。difference的用法What a difference a day makes! 一天的差异是多么大呀!P5difference可以作可数名词,也可以作不可数名词。make a differenceto.表示“对产生影响;对起作用。同根词different adj.不同的;有区别的differently adv.不同地

9、;有区别地difference n.差异;区别例如:Their hobbies are different from mine.他们的爱好与我的不同。enough的用法My father didnt bring enough money,so we.我的爸爸没有带足够的钱,所以我们P5enough作形容词时,既可修饰可数名词,又可修饰不可数名词,一般位于名词之前;enough作副词,修饰形容词或副词时,位于形容词或副词之后。Unit 2hardly的用法He hardly ever watches TV.他从来不看电视。P111.hardly为频度副词,意为“几乎不,表示否认意义,常与ever

10、构成短语hardly ever,意为“几乎不。2.常见的频度副词:频度副词含义同义表达always一直;总是all the timeusually通常/often经常/sometimes有时;不时at times/from time to timehardly ever几乎不;几乎没有seldomnever从不;从没有/例如:He is always active in class.他在课堂上总是很活泼。Mike usually uses his phone to take photos.迈克通常使用他的手机来拍照。maybe的用法I go to the movies maybe once a

11、 month.我大概一个月去看一次电影。P11maybe为副词,常用于句首,作状语。辨析maybe 与may be词条意义及用法例句maybe为副词,意为“也许,同义词是perhaps,常用于句首,作状语。Maybe you are an English teacher.也许你是一位英语老师。may be意为“也许是,为“情态动词+be动词构造,在句中作谓语。You may be an English teacher.你也许是一位英语老师。She may be in Class Five.她也许在五班。stay up的用法How often do they stay up late? 他们多久

12、熬一次夜?P11stay up是“动词+副词构成的短语,意为“熬夜。与up相关的短语bring up抚养set up成立wake up吵醒give up放弃look up查阅grow up长大put up搭起;张贴turn up开大;调高through的用法.but we think the best way to relax is through exercise.但是我们认为最好的放松方法就是锻炼。P13through意为“凭借,通过方法或手段时,其后常接名词或动名词。辨析through与across1.两词均为介词,意为“穿过。2.through指从空间内部穿过。3.across指从物体

13、外表穿过。例如:The River Thames flows through London.泰晤士河流经伦敦。We walked across the street.我们步行穿过了街道。Unit 3quietly的用法Tina likes staying at home quietly.蒂娜喜欢安静地待在家。P171.quietly是quiet的副词形式,quiet是形容词,意为“轻声的;轻柔的;安静的。2.-ly可以位于形容词之后,助其构成副词。符合该构词法的部分单词如下:形容词副词quick快速的quickly快速地slow缓慢的slowly缓慢地clear明晰的clearly明晰地sad

14、难过的sadly难过地happy快乐的happily快乐地careful认真的carefully认真地win的用法Well,everyone wants to win.对啊,每个人都想赢。P18win意为“获胜,赢,其过去式是won。辨析win与beatwin表示“赢得,通常和match,competition,game,medal,prize等词搭配。beat表示“打败,通常和表示人、球队、对手等的词搭配。例如:He came first and won the race.他跑在最前面,赢得了这场比赛。They beat our team in the football match.在那场足

15、球比赛中,他们打败了我们队。care的用法 I dont really care if my friends are the same as me or different.我真的不在乎我的朋友与我一样还是不同。 P211.care作动词时,意为“在意;关心,后跟宾语时,一般加介词about。care还可以作名词,意为“小心;照顾。2.care的同根词:词条词性含义carefuladj.仔细的;小心的carefullyadv.仔细地;小心地carelessadj.粗心的;马虎的carelesslyadv.粗心地;马虎地reach的用法A true friend reaches for your

16、 hand and touches your heart.一个真正的朋友是在你需要时给你帮助,使你感动。 P211.reach作不及物动词,表示“伸手去够某物时,其后常跟介词for。2.reach表示“到达;抵达时,和get to,arrive at/in同义。注意:此时reach是及物动词;get和arrive是不及物动词,其后接宾语时,须加相应的介词,即arrive in/at和get to。in fact的用法In fact,shes funnier than anyone I know.事实上,她比我认识的任何人都更有意思。P21in fact是固定搭配,其中fact是名词,意为“事实

17、;实情。相当于rmation的用法Call the English Study Center at 443-5667 for more information.欲知更多信息,拨打英语学习中心 443-5667。P24information为不可数名词,表示“一条信息用a piece of information,表示“两条信息用two pieces of information。Unit 4close的用法Its the closest to home.它离家最近。P251.close作形容词时,不仅可以表示“在空间、时间上接近,还可以表示关系很亲密。2.close还

18、有如下词性和含义:adv.接近地They live quite close.他们住得很近。v.关闭;关上Please close the door and the windows.请把门和窗户关上。v.不营业;不开放The shops usually close at 5:30.那些商店通常5:30停顿营业。close的延伸close adj.关闭的;不营业的be close to 靠近;接近close down 关闭;倒闭例如:The museum is closed to visitors on Sundays.这家博物馆星期日对游客不开放。The company decided to c

19、lose down its three branches in Europe.该公司决定关闭它在欧洲的三个分公司。worse的用法Its worse than Blue Moon.它比“蓝月亮要更差。P271.worst表示“最差的;最坏的;最糟的时,它是形容词bad的最高级;worst表示“最差;最坏;最糟时,它是副词badly的最高级。2.bad和badly的比较级是worse。worse作形容词时,意为“更差的;更坏的;更糟的;作副词时,意为“更差;更坏;更糟。例如:He is behaving worse than ever.I decided to talk with him and

20、 asked him to behave well.他表现得更差了,我决定和他谈谈,要他表现好点儿。service的用法It has the worst service.它的效劳最差。P271.service是不可数名词,意为“效劳。2.serve是动词,意为“效劳;接待。例如:Its the shop assistants job to serve the customers.为顾客效劳是售货员的职责。I waited ten minutes in the shop before I was served.在店里等了非常钟才有人来招待我。creative的用法She should do so

21、mething more creative.她应该做一些更有创造力的事。P281.creative的动词形式为create,其名词形式为creativity。例如:Shakespeare created many comic characters.莎士比亚创作了很多喜剧人物。2.creative是由动词create加-ive构成的形容词,与它构造类似的词还有active,意为“积极的。make up的用法Some think that the lives of the performers are made up.有些人认为那些表演者的身世都是被编造出来的。P291.make up表示“编造时

22、,宾语通常是story,lie,excuse等词。2.make up还有如下含义:组成;形成Six women and nine men make up the group.六名女士和九名男士组成了这个团队。打扮;化装It took her more than an hour to make herself up.她花了一个多小时才打扮好。Unit 5news的用法Do you plan to watch the news tonight? 你打算今晚看新闻吗?P341.news是不可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。2.假设表示“一那么新闻,用a piece of news。例如:He

23、 reported a piece of news about a tornado.他报道了一那么关于龙卷风的新闻。educational的用法Sally thinks talk shows are more educational than sitcoms.萨莉认为脱口秀比情景剧更有教育意义。P34educational是多音节形容词,其比较级及最高级形式是在其前加more和most。同根词educate v.教育educator n.教育家education n.教育educational adj.教育的find out的用法Because I hope to find out whats

24、 going on around the world.因为我希望弄清世界各地正在发生的事。P35辨析find out,find与look for词条含义find out指通过调查、研究等方式查明事情的真相。find意为“找到;发现,强调找的结果。look for强调寻找的过程。例如:Did they find out where the old man lived?他们查明那位老人住在哪里了吗?Mr.Li looked for his lost keys everywhere.At last,he found them in the library.李老师到处找他丧失的钥匙。最后,他在图书馆里

25、找到了。meaningless的用法I think soap opera is meaningless.我认为肥皂剧毫无意义。P361.名词meaning意思+后缀-less无,没有meaningless毫无意义的。2.名词常加后缀-less构成表示否认含义的词,如homeless“无家可归的,careless“粗心的,不认真的,worthless“无价值的,speechless“无言的,说不出话的。successful的用法He became very rich and successful.他变得富有而且成功。P37successful是由success加后缀-ful构成的形容词。同根词s

26、uccess n.成功;成功的人/事successful adj.成功的successfully adv.成功地succeed v.成功take ones place的用法She dresses up like a boy and takes her fathers place to fight in the army.她打扮得像个男孩一样并且代替她的父亲在军队里打仗。P39take ones place意为“取代;代替,其中one为被取代者。该短语与take the place of sb.为同义表达。例如:No one can take Lucys place.=No one can ta

27、ke the place of Lucy.没有人可以取代露西的位置。Unit 6grow up的用法What do you want to be when you grow up? 你长大想当什么?P41grow up的主语可以是人,也可以是水果或庄稼等。grow的过去式是grew,过去分词是grown。practice的用法Im going to practice basketball every day.我打算每天练习打篮球。P411.practice作名词时,意为“练习;训练,通常是指经常反复的练习。例如:Playing the piano well needs more practic

28、e.要弹好钢琴就需要多练习。2.practice作动词时,后常接动名词形式,即practice doing sth.“练习做某事。例如:She is practicing singing the new song.她正在练习唱这首新歌。cook的用法My cousin wants to be a cook.我的表弟想成为一名厨师。P43cook作名词时,意为“厨师;作动词时,意为“烹饪;煮,此时可以作及物动词,也可以作不及物动词。cooker是名词,意为“厨具。例如:Im going to buy a gas cooker.我打算买一台燃气灶。violinist的用法This boy want

29、s to be a violinist.这个男孩想成为一名小提琴手。P42violinist是由violin加职业类名词后缀-ist构成的。常见以-ist为后缀的词artist n.艺术家scientist n.科学家pianist n.钢琴家violinist n.小提琴手keep on的用法Well,Im going to keep on writing stories,of course.嗯,我当然打算继续写故事。P421.keep on意为“继续,后接动词-ing形式。例如:Prices keep on increasing.价格继续上涨。2.常见的keep短语如下:keep up保持

30、;继续;不低落;不落后keep up with赶得上;和保持联络keep in mind记住keep in touch保持联络keep out阻止进入keep away防范;不接近keep to oneself保守机密;不交际keep working继续工作;永不停顿keep away from远离;回避keep healthy保持安康promise的用法Most of the time,we make promises to other people.大多数时间,我们向其别人作出承诺。P451.promise作名词时,意为“承诺;诺言;作动词时,意为“许诺;承诺。2.和promise相关的常

31、用短语:make a promise许下诺言keep ones promise遵守诺言break ones promise违犯诺言,说话不算数promise sb.to do sth.容许某人做某事be able to的用法He was able to ride a horse when he was six years old.他六岁就会骑马了。P45be able to后跟动词原形,用于表示才能,有时可以和can进展同义转换。辨析can与be able tocan只有如今时和过去时,即can和could。没有人称和数的变化。be able to根据句子需要可以用于任何时态,如was abl

32、e to,will be able to等。例如:She said she could play the piano.她说她会弹钢琴。If we change our seats,you will be able to see the blackboard clearly.假如我们换座位,你就可以看清黑板。take up的用法Some people might say they are going to take up a hobby like.有些人也许会说他们打算开场一项爱好,比方P451.take up表示“开场做;学着做,尤其指做以前没做过的事或作为消遣的方式。take up后面可跟名

33、词或动名词。2.take up还有“占用之意。例如:My mother asked me to move the table out of the room because it took up too much room.我妈妈要我把那张桌子搬出房间,因为它占用了太多空间。3.常见的take短语如下:take off起飞;脱掉take away拿走;带走take out掏出;取出take down写下;记下take place发生take turns按顺序;轮流take part in参加take care of照顾discuss的用法Discuss the question with yo

34、ur partner.和你的同伴讨论这个问题。P451.discuss为动词,意为“讨论;商量,构成短语discuss with sb.“与某人商量。2.discuss的常见用法:1discuss后面接“疑问词+to do sth.作宾语。例如:We are discussing how to get to the airport.我们正在讨论怎样去机场。2discuss后面接宾语从句。例如:They discussed what they could do.他们商量了他们能做什么。Unit 7paper的用法Books will only be on computers,not on pap

35、er.书将只存在于电脑上,不会在纸上。P491.paper表示“纸;纸张时是不可数名词,可以用a piece of paper 表示“一张纸。2.paper作名词时还有“报纸和“试卷之意,此时是可数名词,复数形式为papers。例如:Our teacher asked us to hand in our papers on time.老师让我们按时上交试卷。future的用法Its a book about the future.这是一本关于将来的书。P50future作名词,意为“将来,将来。辨析in the future与in futurein the future相当于in time y

36、et to come,意为“将来,一般指真正意义上的将来,常指包括in future在内的较远的将来一段时间。in future相当于from now on,意为“今后,以后,一般指从如今开场到今后,常指离如今较近的一段将来时间。例如:Will there be more trees in the future?将来会有更多树吗?Youd better not go out alone in future.今后最好别单独外出。pollution的用法There will be more pollution.会有更多的污染。P50pollution是由pollute加名词后缀-tion构成的名词

37、,意为“污染;污染物,是不可数名词。例如:The environment pollution is worse and worse.We should take action.环境污染越来越严重。我们应该采取措施。dangerous的用法They help with the housework and do jobs like working in dirty or dangerous places.它们帮助做家务、在肮脏或危险的地方干活。P53dangerous由名词danger加形容词后缀-ous构成,意为“危险的。反义词平安safety n.平安safe adj.平安的safely ad

38、v.平安地例如:Theres a lot of danger in rock climbing.攀岩中有许多危险。fall down的用法If buildings fall down with people inside,these snake robots can help look for people under the buildings.假如建筑物倒塌且里面有人,这些蛇形的机器人可以帮助寻找埋在建筑物下面的人。P53fall down表示“突然倒下;跌倒;倒塌。其中fall作动词,过去式是fell,过去分词是fallen。fall的短语fall asleep睡着fall off跌落;

39、从掉下来fall behind落后fall ill生病fall in love with.爱上Unit 8turn on的用法Turn on the blender.翻开搅拌机。P57turn on是由动词和副词构成的短语,当宾语是名词时,该名词宾语可以位于turn和on之间,也可以位于turn on之后;当宾语是代词时,该代词宾语只能位于中间。辨析open,close与turn on,turn offopen,closeopen表示“翻开,反义词是close,意为“关闭,两者通常和door,window,book或box等搭配。turn on,turn offturn on表示“翻开,反义短

40、语是turn off,意为“关闭,两者通常和TV,light,computer等电器搭配,还可以和gas及water tap等搭配。pour的用法Pour the milk into the blender.把牛奶倒入搅拌机内。P57o.意为“把倒入;把灌入;pour.out意为“把倒出。finally的用法Finally,dont forget to add some salt.最后,不要忘了加一些盐。P58finally由“形容词final+后缀-ly构成,finally相当于in the end或at last。它也可以与first,next,then一起使用,来描绘做一

41、件事情的步骤。piece的用法First,put some butter on a piece of bread.首先,在一片面包上放点黄油。P60piece是可数名词,可用“数词+pieces+of+名词构造表示某些不可数名词的数量。piece的短语a piece of advice一条建议a piece of meat一块肉a piece of music一首乐曲a piece of paper一张纸a piece of news一那么新闻a piece of information一条信息cover的用法When it is ready,place the turkey on a lar

42、ge plate and cover it with gravy.火鸡熟后,把火鸡放在一个大盘子上,浇上肉汁。P611.cover可以和介词with搭配,cover sb./sth. with.意为“用把某人/某物盖上,表示动作。2.be covered with.意为“被盖着,表示状态。例如:Snow covered the fields.积雪覆盖了田野。Please cover the table with a white cloth.请在桌子上铺一块白色的桌布。Unit 9prepare的用法I have to prepare for an exam.我必须准备考试。P651.prepa

43、re可以作及物动词,其后可以直接跟宾语,也可以作不及物动词,prepare for.表示“为做准备。2.prepare for.和get/be ready for.是同义表达,都表示“为做准备。hang的用法Can you hang out with us on Monday night? 你周一晚上可以和我们一起出去逛逛吗?P661.hang意为“悬挂;垂下时,过去式和过去分词是hung。2.hang意为“绞死;吊死时,过去式和过去分词是hanged。例如:He was hanged for murder.他因犯谋杀罪而被处以绞刑。3.hang常见的短语搭配:hang on别挂 ;稍等han

44、g out闲逛;常去某处accept的用法She received his present,but she didnt accept it.她收到了他的礼物,但是她没有承受。P67辨析accept与receive两词都有“收到之意,但有所区别:receive通常指被动地“收到或“接到;而accept那么指主动地“承受。invitation的用法Make an invitation.发出邀请。P69invitation意为“邀请时是不可数名词;意为“请柬,请帖时是可数名词。invitation的常见搭配make an invitation 发出邀请accept an invitation 承受邀

45、请refuse/turn down an invitation 回绝邀请turn down的用法Can you tell me how to turn down an invitation? 你能告诉我如何回绝一个邀请吗?P691.turn down表示“回绝时,和refuse是同义表达,turn down an invitation=refuse an invitation,表示“回绝邀请。2.turn down还有“调小;调低之意。例如:The TV is too noisy.Could you please turn it down?电视太吵了。请你把它的音量调低点好吗?reply的用法Please reply in writing to this invitation by Friday,December 20th.请在12月20日星期五之前以书面的形式回复此邀请。P71reply是较正式的用语,可以作不及物动词,与介词to共同构成谓语,意为“答复,相当于answer。另外,reply作及物动词时,后面接宾语从句。例如:The boy didnt reply to my question.这个男孩没有答复我的问题。She replied that she was very happy when she knew